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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Autism After Infection, Febrile Episodes, and Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study</title><author><name sortKey="Atlad Ttir, Hjordis Sk" sort="Atlad Ttir, Hjordis Sk" uniqKey="Atlad Ttir H" first="Hjördis Sk" last="Atlad Ttir">Hjördis Sk Atlad Ttir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henriksen, Tine Brink" sort="Henriksen, Tine Brink" uniqKey="Henriksen T" first="Tine Brink" last="Henriksen">Tine Brink Henriksen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schendel, Diana E" sort="Schendel, Diana E" uniqKey="Schendel D" first="Diana E." last="Schendel">Diana E. Schendel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parner, Erik T" sort="Parner, Erik T" uniqKey="Parner E" first="Erik T." last="Parner">Erik T. Parner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23147969</idno><idno type="pmc">4451062</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451062</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4451062</idno><idno type="doi">10.1542/peds.2012-1107</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000141</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000141</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Autism After Infection, Febrile Episodes, and Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study</title><author><name sortKey="Atlad Ttir, Hjordis Sk" sort="Atlad Ttir, Hjordis Sk" uniqKey="Atlad Ttir H" first="Hjördis Sk" last="Atlad Ttir">Hjördis Sk Atlad Ttir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henriksen, Tine Brink" sort="Henriksen, Tine Brink" uniqKey="Henriksen T" first="Tine Brink" last="Henriksen">Tine Brink Henriksen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schendel, Diana E" sort="Schendel, Diana E" uniqKey="Schendel D" first="Diana E." last="Schendel">Diana E. Schendel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parner, Erik T" sort="Parner, Erik T" uniqKey="Parner E" first="Erik T." last="Parner">Erik T. Parner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pediatrics</title><idno type="ISSN">0031-4005</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-4275</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>OBJECTIVES</title><p id="P1">Results of animal studies suggest that maternal immune activation during pregnancy causes deficiencies in fetal neurodevelopment. Infectious disease is the most common path to maternal immune activation during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of common infections, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics reported by the mother during pregnancy and the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and infantile autism in the offspring.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P2">We used a population-based cohort consisting of 96 736 children aged 8 to 14 years and born from 1997 to 2003 in Denmark. Information on infection, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics was self-reported through telephone interviews during pregnancy and early postpartum. Diagnoses of ASD and infantile autism were retrieved from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register; 976 children (1%) from the cohort were diagnosed with ASD.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P3">Overall, we found little evidence that various types of mild common infectious diseases or febrile episodes during pregnancy were associated with ASD/infantile autism. However, our data suggest that maternal influenza infection was associated with a twofold increased risk of infantile autism, prolonged episodes of fever caused a threefold increased risk of infantile autism, and use of various antibiotics during pregnancy were potential risk factors for ASD/infantile autism.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P4">Our results do not suggest that mild infections, febrile episodes, or use of antibiotics during pregnancy are strong risk factors for ASD/infantile autism. The results may be due to multiple testing; the few positive findings are potential chance findings.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0376422</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6405</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pediatrics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pediatrics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pediatrics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0031-4005</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-4275</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23147969</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4451062</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1542/peds.2012-1107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">HHSPA692519</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Autism After Infection, Febrile Episodes, and Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Atladóttir</surname><given-names>Hjördis Ósk</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henriksen</surname><given-names>Tine Brink</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schendel</surname><given-names>Diana E.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Parner</surname><given-names>Erik T.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">d</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</aff><aff id="A3"><label>b</label>Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark</aff><aff id="A4"><label>c</label>National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</aff><aff id="A2"><label>d</label>Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Address correspondence to Hjördís Ósk Atladóttir, Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholin allé 2, 8000 Århus C, Denmark. <email>hoa@soci.au.dk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>21</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>130</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>e1447</fpage><lpage>e1454</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1542/peds.2012-1107</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>OBJECTIVES</title><p id="P1">Results of animal studies suggest that maternal immune activation during pregnancy causes deficiencies in fetal neurodevelopment. Infectious disease is the most common path to maternal immune activation during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of common infections, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics reported by the mother during pregnancy and the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and infantile autism in the offspring.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P2">We used a population-based cohort consisting of 96 736 children aged 8 to 14 years and born from 1997 to 2003 in Denmark. Information on infection, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics was self-reported through telephone interviews during pregnancy and early postpartum. Diagnoses of ASD and infantile autism were retrieved from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register; 976 children (1%) from the cohort were diagnosed with ASD.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P3">Overall, we found little evidence that various types of mild common infectious diseases or febrile episodes during pregnancy were associated with ASD/infantile autism. However, our data suggest that maternal influenza infection was associated with a twofold increased risk of infantile autism, prolonged episodes of fever caused a threefold increased risk of infantile autism, and use of various antibiotics during pregnancy were potential risk factors for ASD/infantile autism.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P4">Our results do not suggest that mild infections, febrile episodes, or use of antibiotics during pregnancy are strong risk factors for ASD/infantile autism. The results may be due to multiple testing; the few positive findings are potential chance findings.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>autism</kwd><kwd>autistic disorder</kwd><kwd>fever</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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