Pristine Early Eocene Wood Buried Deeply in Kimberlite from Northern Canada
Identifieur interne : 000447 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000446; suivant : 000448Pristine Early Eocene Wood Buried Deeply in Kimberlite from Northern Canada
Auteurs : Alexander P. Wolfe [Canada] ; Adam Z. Csank [États-Unis] ; Alberto V. Reyes [États-Unis] ; Ryan C. Mckellar [Canada] ; Ralf Tappert [Autriche] ; Karlis Muehlenbachs [Canada]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
We report exceptional preservation of fossil wood buried deeply in a kimberlite pipe that intruded northwestern Canada’s Slave Province 53.3±0.6 million years ago (Ma), revealed during excavation of diamond source rock. The wood originated from forest surrounding the eruption zone and collapsed into the diatreme before resettling in volcaniclastic kimberlite to depths >300 m, where it was mummified in a sterile environment. Anatomy of the unpermineralized wood permits conclusive identification to the genus
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045537
PubMed: 23029080
PubMed Central: 3446892
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Reyes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckellar, Ryan C" sort="Mckellar, Ryan C" uniqKey="Mckellar R" first="Ryan C." last="Mckellar">Ryan C. Mckellar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tappert, Ralf" sort="Tappert, Ralf" uniqKey="Tappert R" first="Ralf" last="Tappert">Ralf Tappert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muehlenbachs, Karlis" sort="Muehlenbachs, Karlis" uniqKey="Muehlenbachs K" first="Karlis" last="Muehlenbachs">Karlis Muehlenbachs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23029080</idno><idno type="pmc">3446892</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3446892</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3446892</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0045537</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000448</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000448</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000447</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000447</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Pristine Early Eocene Wood Buried Deeply in Kimberlite from Northern Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, Alexander P" sort="Wolfe, Alexander P" uniqKey="Wolfe A" first="Alexander P." last="Wolfe">Alexander P. Wolfe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Csank, Adam Z" sort="Csank, Adam Z" uniqKey="Csank A" first="Adam Z." last="Csank">Adam Z. Csank</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reyes, Alberto V" sort="Reyes, Alberto V" uniqKey="Reyes A" first="Alberto V." last="Reyes">Alberto V. Reyes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckellar, Ryan C" sort="Mckellar, Ryan C" uniqKey="Mckellar R" first="Ryan C." last="Mckellar">Ryan C. Mckellar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tappert, Ralf" sort="Tappert, Ralf" uniqKey="Tappert R" first="Ralf" last="Tappert">Ralf Tappert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muehlenbachs, Karlis" sort="Muehlenbachs, Karlis" uniqKey="Muehlenbachs K" first="Karlis" last="Muehlenbachs">Karlis Muehlenbachs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We report exceptional preservation of fossil wood buried deeply in a kimberlite pipe that intruded northwestern Canada’s Slave Province 53.3±0.6 million years ago (Ma), revealed during excavation of diamond source rock. The wood originated from forest surrounding the eruption zone and collapsed into the diatreme before resettling in volcaniclastic kimberlite to depths >300 m, where it was mummified in a sterile environment. Anatomy of the unpermineralized wood permits conclusive identification to the genus <italic>Metasequoia</italic> (Cupressaceae). The wood yields genuine cellulose and occluded amber, both of which have been characterized spectroscopically and isotopically. From cellulose δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H measurements, we infer that Early Eocene paleoclimates in the western Canadian subarctic were 12–17°C warmer and four times wetter than present. Canadian kimberlites offer Lagerstätte-quality preservation of wood from a region with limited alternate sources of paleobotanical information.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilson, L" uniqKey="Wilson L">L Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Head, Jw" uniqKey="Head J">JW Head</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Edwards, B" uniqKey="Edwards B">B Edwards</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howkins, B" uniqKey="Howkins B">B Howkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Rmh" uniqKey="Smith R">RMH Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cookenboo, Ho" uniqKey="Cookenboo H">HO Cookenboo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orchard, Mj" uniqKey="Orchard M">MJ Orchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daoud, Dk" uniqKey="Daoud D">DK 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23029080</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3446892</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-00237</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0045537</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Paleoecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Paleontology</subject><subj-group><subject>Paleobotany</subject><subject>Paleoclimatology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Plant Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant-Environment Interactions</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Chemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pristine Early Eocene Wood Buried Deeply in Kimberlite from Northern Canada</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Pristine Early Eocene Fossil Wood</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolfe</surname><given-names>Alexander P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Csank</surname><given-names>Adam Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reyes</surname><given-names>Alberto V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McKellar</surname><given-names>Ryan C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tappert</surname><given-names>Ralf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muehlenbachs</surname><given-names>Karlis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Newsom</surname><given-names>Lee A.</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>awolfe@ualberta.ca</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: APW AZC AVR RCM RT KM. Performed the experiments: APW AZC AVR RCM RT KM. Analyzed the data: APW AZC AVR RCM RT KM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: APW AZC AVR RCM RT KM. Wrote the paper: APW AZC AVR RCM RT KM. Microscopy: APW. Wood anatomy: ACZ. Cellulose purification: ACZ AVR. FTIR spectroscopy: RCM RT. Isotopic measurements: ACZ AVR RCM RT KM.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>9</issue><elocation-id>e45537</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Wolfe et al</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>We report exceptional preservation of fossil wood buried deeply in a kimberlite pipe that intruded northwestern Canada’s Slave Province 53.3±0.6 million years ago (Ma), revealed during excavation of diamond source rock. The wood originated from forest surrounding the eruption zone and collapsed into the diatreme before resettling in volcaniclastic kimberlite to depths >300 m, where it was mummified in a sterile environment. Anatomy of the unpermineralized wood permits conclusive identification to the genus <italic>Metasequoia</italic> (Cupressaceae). The wood yields genuine cellulose and occluded amber, both of which have been characterized spectroscopically and isotopically. From cellulose δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H measurements, we infer that Early Eocene paleoclimates in the western Canadian subarctic were 12–17°C warmer and four times wetter than present. Canadian kimberlites offer Lagerstätte-quality preservation of wood from a region with limited alternate sources of paleobotanical information.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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