Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) at the Molecular and Population Level
Identifieur interne : 000400 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000399; suivant : 000401Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) at the Molecular and Population Level
Auteurs : Emilia G. Thomas [Allemagne] ; Maja Šrut [Croatie] ; Anamaria Štambuk [Croatie] ; Göran I. V. Klobu Ar [Croatie] ; Alfred Seitz [Allemagne] ; Eva Maria Griebeler [Allemagne]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Revealing long-term effects of contaminants on the genetic structure of organisms inhabiting polluted environments should encompass analyses at the population, molecular, and cellular level. Following this concept, we studied the genetic constitution of zebra mussel populations from a polluted (Dp) and reference sites (Cl) at the river Drava, Croatia, and applied microsatellite and DNA damage analyses (Comet assay, micronucleus test (MNT)). Additionally, mussels from both populations were exposed to polluted wastewater in the laboratory for three days, and DNA damage was analyzed to evaluate acclimatization and genetic adaptation of the investigated populations to the polluted environment. The two populations differed in their genetic constitution. Microsatellite analysis suggested that Dp had undergone a genetic bottleneck. Comet assay did not indicate any difference in DNA damage between the two populations, but MNT revealed that Dp had an increased percentage of micronuclei in hemocytes in comparison to Cl. The laboratory experiment revealed that Dp had a lower percentage of tail DNA and a higher percentage of micronuclei than Cl. These differences between populations were possibly caused by an overall decreased fitness of Dp due to genetic drift and by an enhanced DNA repair mechanism due to acclimatization to pollution in the source habitat.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/795481
PubMed: 24883328
PubMed Central: 4022251
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000401
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4022251Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (<italic>Dreissena polymorpha</italic>) at the Molecular and Population Level</title><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Emilia G" sort="Thomas, Emilia G" uniqKey="Thomas E" first="Emilia G." last="Thomas">Emilia G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srut, Maja" sort="Srut, Maja" uniqKey="Srut M" first="Maja" last="Šrut">Maja Šrut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, Anamaria" sort="Stambuk, Anamaria" uniqKey="Stambuk A" first="Anamaria" last="Štambuk">Anamaria Štambuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Goran I V" sort="Klobu Ar, Goran I V" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G" first="Göran I. V." last="Klobu Ar">Göran I. V. Klobu Ar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, Alfred" sort="Seitz, Alfred" uniqKey="Seitz A" first="Alfred" last="Seitz">Alfred Seitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griebeler, Eva Maria" sort="Griebeler, Eva Maria" uniqKey="Griebeler E" first="Eva Maria" last="Griebeler">Eva Maria Griebeler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24883328</idno><idno type="pmc">4022251</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4022251</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4022251</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/795481</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000401</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000401</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000400</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000400</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (<italic>Dreissena polymorpha</italic>) at the Molecular and Population Level</title><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Emilia G" sort="Thomas, Emilia G" uniqKey="Thomas E" first="Emilia G." last="Thomas">Emilia G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srut, Maja" sort="Srut, Maja" uniqKey="Srut M" first="Maja" last="Šrut">Maja Šrut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, Anamaria" sort="Stambuk, Anamaria" uniqKey="Stambuk A" first="Anamaria" last="Štambuk">Anamaria Štambuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Goran I V" sort="Klobu Ar, Goran I V" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G" first="Göran I. V." last="Klobu Ar">Göran I. V. Klobu Ar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, Alfred" sort="Seitz, Alfred" uniqKey="Seitz A" first="Alfred" last="Seitz">Alfred Seitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griebeler, Eva Maria" sort="Griebeler, Eva Maria" uniqKey="Griebeler E" first="Eva Maria" last="Griebeler">Eva Maria Griebeler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Revealing long-term effects of contaminants on the genetic structure of organisms inhabiting polluted environments should encompass analyses at the population, molecular, and cellular level. Following this concept, we studied the genetic constitution of zebra mussel populations from a polluted (Dp) and reference sites (Cl) at the river Drava, Croatia, and applied microsatellite and DNA damage analyses (Comet assay, micronucleus test (MNT)). Additionally, mussels from both populations were exposed to polluted wastewater in the laboratory for three days, and DNA damage was analyzed to evaluate acclimatization and genetic adaptation of the investigated populations to the polluted environment. The two populations differed in their genetic constitution. Microsatellite analysis suggested that Dp had undergone a genetic bottleneck. Comet assay did not indicate any difference in DNA damage between the two populations, but MNT revealed that Dp had an increased percentage of micronuclei in hemocytes in comparison to Cl. The laboratory experiment revealed that Dp had a lower percentage of tail DNA and a higher percentage of micronuclei than Cl. These differences between populations were possibly caused by an overall decreased fitness of Dp due to genetic drift and by an enhanced DNA repair mechanism due to acclimatization to pollution in the source habitat.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vitousek, Pm" uniqKey="Vitousek P">PM Vitousek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mooney, Ha" uniqKey="Mooney H">HA Mooney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubchenco, J" uniqKey="Lubchenco J">J Lubchenco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melillo, Jm" uniqKey="Melillo J">JM Melillo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jha, An" uniqKey="Jha A">AN Jha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohe, T" uniqKey="Ohe T">T Ohe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, T" uniqKey="Watanabe T">T Watanabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wakabayashi, K" uniqKey="Wakabayashi K">K Wakabayashi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lacaze, E" uniqKey="Lacaze E">E Lacaze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devaux, A" uniqKey="Devaux A">A Devaux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mons, R" uniqKey="Mons R">R Mons</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matson, Cw" uniqKey="Matson C">CW Matson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Mm" uniqKey="Lambert M">MM Lambert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Tj" uniqKey="Mcdonald T">TJ McDonald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shugart, Lr" uniqKey="Shugart L">LR Shugart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theodorakis, Cw" uniqKey="Theodorakis C">CW Theodorakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bickham, Jw" uniqKey="Bickham J">JW Bickham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bickham, Jw" uniqKey="Bickham J">JW Bickham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bickham, Jw" uniqKey="Bickham J">JW Bickham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, S" uniqKey="Sandhu S">S Sandhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hebert, Pdn" uniqKey="Hebert P">PDN Hebert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chikhi, L" uniqKey="Chikhi L">L Chikhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Athwal, R" uniqKey="Athwal R">R Athwal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Theodorakis, Cw" uniqKey="Theodorakis C">CW Theodorakis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reed, Dh" uniqKey="Reed D">DH Reed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frankham, R" uniqKey="Frankham R">R Frankham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shugart, Lr" uniqKey="Shugart L">LR Shugart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Jf" uniqKey="Mccarthy J">JF McCarthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halbrook, Rs" uniqKey="Halbrook R">RS Halbrook</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sures, B" uniqKey="Sures B">B Sures</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taraschewski, H" uniqKey="Taraschewski H">H Taraschewski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rydlo, M" uniqKey="Rydlo M">M Rydlo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bervoets, L" uniqKey="Bervoets L">L Bervoets</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voets, J" uniqKey="Voets J">J Voets</name></author><author><name sortKey="Covaci, A" uniqKey="Covaci A">A Covaci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pain, S" uniqKey="Pain S">S Pain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biagianti Risbourg, S" uniqKey="Biagianti Risbourg S">S Biagianti-Risbourg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parant, M" uniqKey="Parant M">M Parant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Giv" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G">GIV Klobučar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlica, M" uniqKey="Pavlica M">M Pavlica</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erben, R" uniqKey="Erben R">R Erben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papes, D" uniqKey="Papes D">D Papeš</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nowak, C" uniqKey="Nowak C">C Nowak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vogt, C" uniqKey="Vogt C">C Vogt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oehlmann, J" uniqKey="Oehlmann J">J Oehlmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Giv" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G">GIV Klobučar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, A" uniqKey="Stambuk A">A Štambuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srut, M" uniqKey="Srut M">M Šrut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Naish, Ka" uniqKey="Naish K">KA Naish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boulding, Eg" uniqKey="Boulding E">EG Boulding</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Astanei, I" uniqKey="Astanei I">I Astanei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gosling, E" uniqKey="Gosling E">E Gosling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, J" uniqKey="Wilson J">J Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, E" uniqKey="Powell E">E Powell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thomas, G" uniqKey="Thomas G">G Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hammouti, N" uniqKey="Hammouti N">N Hammouti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, A" uniqKey="Seitz A">A Seitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Untergasser, A" uniqKey="Untergasser A">A Untergasser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nijveen, H" uniqKey="Nijveen H">H Nijveen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, X" uniqKey="Rao X">X Rao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bisseling, T" uniqKey="Bisseling T">T Bisseling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geurts, R" uniqKey="Geurts R">R Geurts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leunissen, Jam" uniqKey="Leunissen J">JAM Leunissen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, Mj" uniqKey="Brownstein M">MJ Brownstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carpten, Jd" uniqKey="Carpten J">JD Carpten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jr" uniqKey="Smith J">JR Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Oosterhout, C" uniqKey="Van Oosterhout C">C Van Oosterhout</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Wf" uniqKey="Hutchinson W">WF Hutchinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wills, Dpm" uniqKey="Wills D">DPM Wills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shipley, P" uniqKey="Shipley P">P Shipley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morin, Pa" uniqKey="Morin P">PA Morin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leduc, Rg" uniqKey="Leduc R">RG Leduc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Archer, Fi" uniqKey="Archer F">FI Archer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raymond, M" uniqKey="Raymond M">M Raymond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rousset, F" uniqKey="Rousset F">F Rousset</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, A" uniqKey="Stambuk A">A Štambuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlica, M" uniqKey="Pavlica M">M Pavlica</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malovi, L" uniqKey="Malovi L">L Malović</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Giv" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G">GIV Klobučar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Majone, F" uniqKey="Majone F">F Majone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brunetti, R" uniqKey="Brunetti R">R Brunetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gola, I" uniqKey="Gola I">I Gola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gino Levis, A" uniqKey="Gino Levis A">A Gino Levis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kirsch Volders, M" uniqKey="Kirsch Volders M">M Kirsch-Volders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sofuni, T" uniqKey="Sofuni T">T Sofuni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aardema, M" uniqKey="Aardema M">M Aardema</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cornuet, Jm" uniqKey="Cornuet J">JM Cornuet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luikart, G" uniqKey="Luikart G">G Luikart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piry, S" uniqKey="Piry S">S Piry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luikart, G" uniqKey="Luikart G">G Luikart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cornuet, J M" uniqKey="Cornuet J">J-M Cornuet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Rienzo, A" uniqKey="Di Rienzo A">A Di Rienzo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, Ac" uniqKey="Peterson A">AC Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garza, Jc" uniqKey="Garza J">JC Garza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valdes, Am" uniqKey="Valdes A">AM Valdes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slatkin, M" uniqKey="Slatkin M">M Slatkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freimer, Nb" uniqKey="Freimer N">NB Freimer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rousset, F" uniqKey="Rousset F">F Rousset</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raymond, M" uniqKey="Raymond M">M Raymond</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weir, Bs" uniqKey="Weir B">BS Weir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cockerham, Cc" uniqKey="Cockerham C">CC Cockerham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goudet, J" uniqKey="Goudet J">J Goudet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jantz, B" uniqKey="Jantz B">B Jantz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scholl, F" uniqKey="Scholl F">F Schöll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Excoffier, L" uniqKey="Excoffier L">L Excoffier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smouse, Pe" uniqKey="Smouse P">PE Smouse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quattro, Jm" uniqKey="Quattro J">JM Quattro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Excoffier, L" uniqKey="Excoffier L">L Excoffier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lischer, Hel" uniqKey="Lischer H">HEL Lischer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dakin, Ee" uniqKey="Dakin E">EE Dakin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avise, Jc" uniqKey="Avise J">JC Avise</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bagley, Mj" uniqKey="Bagley M">MJ Bagley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Franson, Se" uniqKey="Franson S">SE Franson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christ, Sa" uniqKey="Christ S">SA Christ</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waits, Er" uniqKey="Waits E">ER Waits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toth, Gp" uniqKey="Toth G">GP Toth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hmida, L" uniqKey="Hmida L">L Hmida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fassatoui, C" uniqKey="Fassatoui C">C Fassatoui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayed, D" uniqKey="Ayed D">D Ayed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayache, N" uniqKey="Ayache N">N Ayache</name></author><author><name sortKey="Romdhane, Ms" uniqKey="Romdhane M">MS Romdhane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Belfiore, Nm" uniqKey="Belfiore N">NM Belfiore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Sl" uniqKey="Anderson S">SL Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Tajes, J" uniqKey="Fernandez Tajes J">J Fernández-Tajes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arias Perez, A" uniqKey="Arias Perez A">A Arias-Pérez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Moreno, M" uniqKey="Fernandez Moreno M">M Fernández-Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, J" uniqKey="Mendez J">J Méndez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, Jc" uniqKey="Muller J">JC Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hidde, D" uniqKey="Hidde D">D Hidde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, A" uniqKey="Seitz A">A Seitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dibattista, Jd" uniqKey="Dibattista J">JD DiBattista</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sprung, M" uniqKey="Sprung M">M Sprung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stoeckel, Ja" uniqKey="Stoeckel J">JA Stoeckel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Dw" uniqKey="Schneider D">DW Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soeken, La" uniqKey="Soeken L">LA Soeken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blodgett, Kd" uniqKey="Blodgett K">KD Blodgett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sparks, Re" uniqKey="Sparks R">RE Sparks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bach, L" uniqKey="Bach L">L Bach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dahllof, I" uniqKey="Dahllof I">I Dahllöf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, A" uniqKey="Stambuk A">A Štambuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srut, M" uniqKey="Srut M">M Šrut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Satovi, Z" uniqKey="Satovi Z">Z Šatović</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tkalec, M" uniqKey="Tkalec M">M Tkalec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Giv" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G">GIV Klobučar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haag, Wr" uniqKey="Haag W">WR Haag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garton, Dw" uniqKey="Garton D">DW Garton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, J" uniqKey="Muller J">J Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woll, S" uniqKey="Woll S">S Wöll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fuchs, U" uniqKey="Fuchs U">U Fuchs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, A" uniqKey="Seitz A">A Seitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hidde, D" uniqKey="Hidde D">D Hidde</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jm" uniqKey="Smith J">JM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haigh, J" uniqKey="Haigh J">J Haigh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kohn, Mh" uniqKey="Kohn M">MH Kohn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pelz, H J" uniqKey="Pelz H">H-J Pelz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wayne, Rk" uniqKey="Wayne R">RK Wayne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourret, V" uniqKey="Bourret V">V Bourret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Couture, P" uniqKey="Couture P">P Couture</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Pgc" uniqKey="Campbell P">PGC Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernatchez, L" uniqKey="Bernatchez L">L Bernatchez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mersch, J" uniqKey="Mersch J">J Mersch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beauvais, M N" uniqKey="Beauvais M">M-N Beauvais</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Binelli, A" uniqKey="Binelli A">A Binelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cogni, D" uniqKey="Cogni D">D Cogni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parolini, M" uniqKey="Parolini M">M Parolini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Provini, A" uniqKey="Provini A">A Provini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bombail, V" uniqKey="Bombail V">V Bombail</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aw, D" uniqKey="Aw D">D Aw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, E" uniqKey="Gordon E">E Gordon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Batty, J" uniqKey="Batty J">J Batty</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klobu Ar, Giv" uniqKey="Klobu Ar G">GIV Klobučar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stambuk, A" uniqKey="Stambuk A">A Štambuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hylland, K" uniqKey="Hylland K">K Hylland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlica, M" uniqKey="Pavlica M">M Pavlica</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cotelle, S" uniqKey="Cotelle S">S Cotelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferard, Jf" uniqKey="Ferard J">JF Férard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Black, Mc" uniqKey="Black M">MC Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrell, Jr" uniqKey="Ferrell J">JR Ferrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horning, Rc" uniqKey="Horning R">RC Horning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Lk" uniqKey="Martin L">LK Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Ariza, A" uniqKey="Rodriguez Ariza A">A Rodriguez-Ariza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abril, N" uniqKey="Abril N">N Abril</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navas, Ji" uniqKey="Navas J">JI Navas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorado, G" uniqKey="Dorado G">G Dorado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Barea, J" uniqKey="Lopez Barea J">J Lopez-Barea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pueyo, C" uniqKey="Pueyo C">C Pueyo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Aa" uniqKey="Hoffmann A">AA Hoffmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willi, Y" uniqKey="Willi Y">Y Willi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24883328</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4022251</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/795481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (<italic>Dreissena polymorpha</italic>) at the Molecular and Population Level</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>Emilia G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Šrut</surname><given-names>Maja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Štambuk</surname><given-names>Anamaria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klobučar</surname><given-names>Göran I. V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seitz</surname><given-names>Alfred</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Griebeler</surname><given-names>Eva Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Mainz, P.O. Box 3980, 55099 Mainz, Germany</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Eva Maria Griebeler: <email>em.griebeler@uni-mainz.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Ahmed El Nemr</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>795481</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Emilia G. Thomas et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Revealing long-term effects of contaminants on the genetic structure of organisms inhabiting polluted environments should encompass analyses at the population, molecular, and cellular level. Following this concept, we studied the genetic constitution of zebra mussel populations from a polluted (Dp) and reference sites (Cl) at the river Drava, Croatia, and applied microsatellite and DNA damage analyses (Comet assay, micronucleus test (MNT)). Additionally, mussels from both populations were exposed to polluted wastewater in the laboratory for three days, and DNA damage was analyzed to evaluate acclimatization and genetic adaptation of the investigated populations to the polluted environment. The two populations differed in their genetic constitution. Microsatellite analysis suggested that Dp had undergone a genetic bottleneck. Comet assay did not indicate any difference in DNA damage between the two populations, but MNT revealed that Dp had an increased percentage of micronuclei in hemocytes in comparison to Cl. The laboratory experiment revealed that Dp had a lower percentage of tail DNA and a higher percentage of micronuclei than Cl. These differences between populations were possibly caused by an overall decreased fitness of Dp due to genetic drift and by an enhanced DNA repair mechanism due to acclimatization to pollution in the source habitat.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>International Office of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz</funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology</funding-source><award-id>119-0982934-3110</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Location of the sampling sites in Croatia. Cl: Čakovec lake (control population); Cl2: reference site for water analyses and reference sampling site of mussels used in the laboratory experiment; Dp: contaminated population located downstream from the mouth of the wastewater treatment plant effluent channel (W.C.). For sediment analyses a sample was taken in the W.C.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-795481.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>DNA damage measured by the Comet assay in the hemocytes of zebra mussels of the Cl and Dp populations, river Drava. Light grey bars correspond to field populations, dark grey bars to population samples exposed to dechlorinated tap water in the laboratory experiment, and black bars to population samples exposed to wastewater in the laboratory experiment. Different letters indicate statistically different DNA damage (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-795481.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Number (per mill) of micronuclei (MN) in hemocytes of zebra mussels of the Cl and Dp populations, river Drava. Light grey bars indicate field populations, dark grey bars population samples exposed to dechlorinated tap water in the laboratory experiment, and black bars population samples exposed to wastewater in the laboratory experiment. Different letters indicate statistically different numbers of micronuclei (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2014-795481.003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Primer set used for microsatellite analysis. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Primer sequence (5′-3′)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">A6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F:</bold> GTT TCT TTG CCG GTC TAA TAA TAG AGT TAA C</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R: </bold>GTG ATT GTG TAT CTG CTA TAA ACC</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">B6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F:</bold> GTT TCT TCG TGT GCT CAT GTT TCC TCC</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R:</bold> CGT TGT TCA AGC AAT AAG AAA GAC</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">B9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F:</bold> GTT TCT TTT GAC AAT ATC CTG TCT AAT G</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R:</bold> GCG TGT GTT TTT GAA ACG TG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">C5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F: </bold>GTT TCT TGC ACT GTC AAC GTC ACA CTT TTG</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R: </bold>CCT TGC TAA CAG CTC GGT TGT ATC</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Dpol9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F: M13(-18)</bold>TGG TTG ATG CAG TGA CCC TA</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R:</bold> TGT CGC TTG ATC CAT GTT TT</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Dpol19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>F: M13(-18)</bold>GCA TTC CAT CAA AAA CAC AGA T</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>R:</bold> GAT CAA CAC CAA AGT TCG TTT C</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>The primers are based on Naish and Boulding [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>], Astanei et al. [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>], and Thomas et al. [<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]. We slightly modified the primer pairs of the loci A6, B6, B9, and C5 (Naish and Boulding [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]; Astanei et al. [<xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Results of water and sediment chemical analyses.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Water parameters</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cl2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dp</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WcW</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ZaW</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sediment parameters</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WcS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">pH</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">O<sub>2</sub> (mg/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">804</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">242</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1300</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ni (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ni (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fe (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">314</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1110</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.36</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">218</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mn (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mo (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCB (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCB (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total PAH (<italic>μ</italic>g/L)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.255</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total PAH (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mineral-oil </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">hydrocarbons (mg/kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176.6</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Concentrations of abiotic parameters and contaminants of four water samples and one sediment sample are depicted. Cl2: reference site for water analyses in river Drava (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>), Dp: contaminated site in river Drava (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>), WcW: water sample of the wastewater treatment plant effluent channel that flows into the river Drava, ZaW: water sample of municipal wastewater in Zagreb used in the laboratory experiment, and WcS: sediment sample of wastewater treatment plant effluent channel that flows into the river Drava (W.C., <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Locus-specific and overall genetic characteristics of field populations.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub> (Cl)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub> (Dp)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>H</italic><sub><italic>O</italic></sub>/<italic>H</italic><sub><italic>E</italic></sub> (Cl)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>H</italic><sub><italic>O</italic></sub>/<italic>H</italic><sub><italic>E</italic></sub> (Dp)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub> (Cl/Dp)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A</italic> (Cl)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>A</italic> (Dp)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.917/0.889</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.896/0.906</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.917/0.927</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.830/0.886</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.106</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.771/0.862</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.809/0.822</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.167</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.750/0.784</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.638/0.765</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.010</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dpol9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.102</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.092</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.708/0.643</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.600/0.660</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dpol19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.102</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.792/0.784</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.787/0.791</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Across all loci</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.057</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.809/0.815</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.760/0.807</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Inbreeding coefficients (<italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub>), observed and expected heterozygosity (<italic>H</italic><sub><italic>O</italic></sub>/<italic>H</italic><sub><italic>E</italic></sub>) of population Cl and Dp, genetic differentiation (<italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub>) between Cl and Dp, and number of alleles (<italic>A</italic>) for Cl and Dp. None of the <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub> values was significantly different from zero. Significant deficits of heterozygotes from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are given in bold. Note: small negative <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub> values are statistical artefacts and are observed in populations with very low genetic differentiation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) over all six microsatellite loci for field populations.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Source of variation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sum of squares</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variance component</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% of total variation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixation index</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among groups</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.320</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.060</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>CT</sub> = −0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.556</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among age classes within groups</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.843</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.069</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>SC</sub> = −0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.542</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among individuals within age classes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">222.574</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.077</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.172</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub> = 0.032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.044</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Within individuals</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223.000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.354</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.957</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IT</sub> = 0.030</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">457.737</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.428</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>The results are weighted averages over all six loci for 85 individuals comprising two populations and divided into three age classes. For the group level, the individuals of the three age classes belonging to the same population were pooled. Listed are the source of variation, sum of squared deviations, the variance component estimates, the percentage of total variance, the fixation indices, and the significance of the variance components and of the fixation indices estimated by performing 1023 permutations for the analyses. Note: small negative variance components; % of total variation and fixation indices are statistical artefacts and are observed among entities with very low genetic differentiation (here groups and age classes).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Locus-by-locus analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) across both field populations.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>SC</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>CT</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>F</italic><sub>IT</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.014</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.720</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.154</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.309</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.601</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.211</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.146</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.0003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.535</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.039</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.161</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.076</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.022</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.994</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.106</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.068</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.085</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.092</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.058</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.069</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.017</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0943</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.047</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dpol9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.523</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.019</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.970</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.805</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dpol19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.568</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.531</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.005</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.698</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.009</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.571</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Estimates and <italic>P</italic> values of <italic>F</italic><sub>IS</sub> (locus-specific inbreeding coefficients), <italic>F</italic><sub>SC</sub> (variances among age classes within populations), <italic>F</italic><sub>CT</sub> (variances among age classes among populations), and <italic>F</italic><sub>IT</sub> (overall fixation indices) for each of the six microsatellite loci. Significant (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) <italic>P</italic> values are in bold.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000400 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000400 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4022251
|texte= Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) at the Molecular and Population Level
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24883328" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CobaltMaghrebV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |