Decaying toxic wood as sodium supplement for herbivorous mammals in Gabon
Identifieur interne : 000019 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000018; suivant : 000020Decaying toxic wood as sodium supplement for herbivorous mammals in Gabon
Auteurs : Yuji Iwata ; Yoshihiro Nakashima ; Sayaka Tsuchida ; Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema ; Chieko Ando ; Kazunari Ushida ; Juichi YamagiwaSource :
- The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science [ 0916-7250 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
African rainforest harbors herbivores at high density. However, because plants and soils
typically lack in some essential minerals, rainforest is not always a suitable habitat for
herbivores. How they fulfill the mineral requirements is therefore an important question
to animal ecology and conservation. Although large marshes, called ‘bais’, are often
mentioned as efficient mineral-resource, little information on other sodium resources has
still been available. Our laboratory works and field surveys found that a peculiar item,
decaying wood stumps of
Url:
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0111
PubMed: 25994487
PubMed Central: 4638291
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<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Nakashima, Yoshihiro" sort="Nakashima, Yoshihiro" uniqKey="Nakashima Y" first="Yoshihiro" last="Nakashima">Yoshihiro Nakashima</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Decaying toxic wood as sodium supplement for herbivorous mammals in
Gabon</title>
<author><name sortKey="Iwata, Yuji" sort="Iwata, Yuji" uniqKey="Iwata Y" first="Yuji" last="Iwata">Yuji Iwata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Nakashima, Yoshihiro" sort="Nakashima, Yoshihiro" uniqKey="Nakashima Y" first="Yoshihiro" last="Nakashima">Yoshihiro Nakashima</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Tsuchida, Sayaka" sort="Tsuchida, Sayaka" uniqKey="Tsuchida S" first="Sayaka" last="Tsuchida">Sayaka Tsuchida</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Nguema, Pierre Philippe Mbehang" sort="Nguema, Pierre Philippe Mbehang" uniqKey="Nguema P" first="Pierre Philippe Mbehang" last="Nguema">Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>African rainforest harbors herbivores at high density. However, because plants and soils
typically lack in some essential minerals, rainforest is not always a suitable habitat for
herbivores. How they fulfill the mineral requirements is therefore an important question
to animal ecology and conservation. Although large marshes, called ‘bais’, are often
mentioned as efficient mineral-resource, little information on other sodium resources has
still been available. Our laboratory works and field surveys found that a peculiar item,
decaying wood stumps of <italic>Anthostema aubryanum</italic>
, played as a major sodium
resource for herbivores in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. When <italic>A.
aubryanum</italic>
is alive, the sodium content of its bark is low and its latex is
toxic. Sodium is accumulated in decaying stumps (mean=1,343 mg/kg dry matter). Eight
herbivores visited stumps to ingest the dead wood. Fecal sample analysis revealed that
western lowland gorillas, a species most-frequently using the stumps, consumed large
amount of the dead wood as regular food. Our findings suggest that decaying <italic>A.
aubryanum</italic>
is critical sodium-resources and is a key species for herbivores in
our study area. Importance of the <italic>A. aubryanum</italic>
may be particularly large
there, because it is a limited sodium-rich material that is available year round. Our
study site is known as the site where the densities of several herbivores are among the
highest at Central Africa. The relatively high herbivores density in our study site may
partly depend on decaying <italic>A. aubryanum</italic>
as sodium resources.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Vet Med Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Vet. Med. Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JVMS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0916-7250</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1347-7439</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25994487</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4638291</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15-0111</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1292/jvms.15-0111</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Wildlife Science</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Full Paper</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Decaying toxic wood as sodium supplement for herbivorous mammals in
Gabon</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>IWATA</surname>
<given-names>Yuji</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="con"><sup>#</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NAKASHIMA</surname>
<given-names>Yoshihiro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="con"><sup>#</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>TSUCHIDA</surname>
<given-names>Sayaka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NGUEMA</surname>
<given-names>Pierre Philippe Mbehang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ANDO</surname>
<given-names>Chieko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>USHIDA</surname>
<given-names>Kazunari</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>YAMAGIWA</surname>
<given-names>Juichi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1)</label>
Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2)</label>
Kyoto Prefectural University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606–8522, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3)</label>
Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252–0880, Japan</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4)</label>
Institute des Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale, BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
Correspondence to: Ushida, K., Graduate School of Life
and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606–8522 Japan. e-mail: <email xlink:href="k_ushida@kpu.ac.jp">k_ushida@kpu.ac.jp</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="con"><label>#</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1247</fpage>
<lpage>1252</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>08</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>©2015 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. </license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>African rainforest harbors herbivores at high density. However, because plants and soils
typically lack in some essential minerals, rainforest is not always a suitable habitat for
herbivores. How they fulfill the mineral requirements is therefore an important question
to animal ecology and conservation. Although large marshes, called ‘bais’, are often
mentioned as efficient mineral-resource, little information on other sodium resources has
still been available. Our laboratory works and field surveys found that a peculiar item,
decaying wood stumps of <italic>Anthostema aubryanum</italic>
, played as a major sodium
resource for herbivores in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. When <italic>A.
aubryanum</italic>
is alive, the sodium content of its bark is low and its latex is
toxic. Sodium is accumulated in decaying stumps (mean=1,343 mg/kg dry matter). Eight
herbivores visited stumps to ingest the dead wood. Fecal sample analysis revealed that
western lowland gorillas, a species most-frequently using the stumps, consumed large
amount of the dead wood as regular food. Our findings suggest that decaying <italic>A.
aubryanum</italic>
is critical sodium-resources and is a key species for herbivores in
our study area. Importance of the <italic>A. aubryanum</italic>
may be particularly large
there, because it is a limited sodium-rich material that is available year round. Our
study site is known as the site where the densities of several herbivores are among the
highest at Central Africa. The relatively high herbivores density in our study site may
partly depend on decaying <italic>A. aubryanum</italic>
as sodium resources.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd><italic>Anthostema aubryanum</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>decaying wood</kwd>
<kwd>herbivores</kwd>
<kwd>sodium resource</kwd>
<kwd>toxic plant</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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