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<title xml:lang="en">Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa</title>
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<name sortKey="Bar David, Shirli" sort="Bar David, Shirli" uniqKey="Bar David S" first="Shirli" last="Bar-David">Shirli Bar-David</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990 Israel</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A10">
<email>shirlibd@bgu.ac.il</email>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Bar David, Israel" sort="Bar David, Israel" uniqKey="Bar David I" first="Israel" last="Bar-David">Israel Bar-David</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cross, Paul C" sort="Cross, Paul C" uniqKey="Cross P" first="Paul C." last="Cross">Paul C. Cross</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Ryan, Sadie J" sort="Ryan, Sadie J" uniqKey="Ryan S" first="Sadie J." last="Ryan">Sadie J. Ryan</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Qúebec H3A 2T7 Canada</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Knechtel, Christiane U" sort="Knechtel, Christiane U" uniqKey="Knechtel C" first="Christiane U." last="Knechtel">Christiane U. Knechtel</name>
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<name sortKey="Getz, Wayne M" sort="Getz, Wayne M" uniqKey="Getz W" first="Wayne M." last="Getz">Wayne M. Getz</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112 USA</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="A9">Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa</nlm:aff>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa</title>
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<name sortKey="Bar David, Shirli" sort="Bar David, Shirli" uniqKey="Bar David S" first="Shirli" last="Bar-David">Shirli Bar-David</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1">Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990 Israel</nlm:aff>
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<email>shirlibd@bgu.ac.il</email>
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<name sortKey="Bar David, Israel" sort="Bar David, Israel" uniqKey="Bar David I" first="Israel" last="Bar-David">Israel Bar-David</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Cross, Paul C" sort="Cross, Paul C" uniqKey="Cross P" first="Paul C." last="Cross">Paul C. Cross</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Ryan, Sadie J" sort="Ryan, Sadie J" uniqKey="Ryan S" first="Sadie J." last="Ryan">Sadie J. Ryan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Qúebec H3A 2T7 Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knechtel, Christiane U" sort="Knechtel, Christiane U" uniqKey="Knechtel C" first="Christiane U." last="Knechtel">Christiane U. Knechtel</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A7">Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Getz, Wayne M" sort="Getz, Wayne M" uniqKey="Getz W" first="Wayne M." last="Getz">Wayne M. Getz</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112 USA</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A9">Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa</nlm:aff>
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<title level="j">Ecology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0012-9658</idno>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p id="P1">Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch (“recursions”). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch-related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space-use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem.</p>
<p id="P2">We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large-herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (
<italic>Syncerus caffer</italic>
): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa.</p>
<p id="P3">Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors.</p>
</div>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0043541</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">23307</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ecology</journal-id>
<journal-title>Ecology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0012-9658</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19769125</article-id>
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<subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group>
<article-title>Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bar-David</surname>
<given-names>Shirli</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="A10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bar-David</surname>
<given-names>Israel</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cross</surname>
<given-names>Paul C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ryan</surname>
<given-names>Sadie J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
<xref rid="A6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Knechtel</surname>
<given-names>Christiane U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Getz</surname>
<given-names>Wayne M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A8" ref-type="aff">8</xref>
<xref rid="A9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990 Israel</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>4</label>
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA</aff>
<aff id="A5">
<label>5</label>
Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA</aff>
<aff id="A6">
<label>6</label>
Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Qúebec H3A 2T7 Canada</aff>
<aff id="A7">
<label>7</label>
Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A8">
<label>8</label>
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112 USA</aff>
<aff id="A9">
<label>9</label>
Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<label>10</label>
<email>shirlibd@bgu.ac.il</email>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>14</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>9</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>24</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>2467</fpage>
<lpage>2479</lpage>
<abstract>
<p id="P1">Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch (“recursions”). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch-related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space-use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem.</p>
<p id="P2">We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large-herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (
<italic>Syncerus caffer</italic>
): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa.</p>
<p id="P3">Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>African buffalo</kwd>
<kwd>circular path</kwd>
<kwd>Fourier transform</kwd>
<kwd>GPS</kwd>
<kwd>herbivore foraging</kwd>
<kwd>Kruger National Park</kwd>
<kwd>South Africa</kwd>
<kwd>looping</kwd>
<kwd>net displacement</kwd>
<kwd>periodogram</kwd>
<kwd>resource recovery</kwd>
<kwd>
<italic>Syncerus caffer</italic>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM083863-04 ||GM</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM083863-03 ||GM</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM083863-02 ||GM</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM083863-01 ||GM</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="GM1">National Institute of General Medical Sciences : NIGMS</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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