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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Toxigenic clostridia.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hatheway, C L" sort="Hatheway, C L" uniqKey="Hatheway C" first="C L" last="Hatheway">C L Hatheway</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">2404569</idno>
<idno type="pmc">358141</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC358141</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:358141</idno>
<date when="1990">1990</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000193</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000193</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Toxigenic clostridia.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hatheway, C L" sort="Hatheway, C L" uniqKey="Hatheway C" first="C L" last="Hatheway">C L Hatheway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Clinical Microbiology Reviews</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0893-8512</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-6618</idno>
<imprint><date when="1990">1990</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Toxigenic clostridia belonging to 13 recognized species are discussed in this review. Each species or group of organisms is, in general, introduced by presenting the historical aspects of its discovery by early investigators of human and animal diseases. The diseases caused by each species or group are described and usually discussed in relation to the toxins involved in the pathology. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the organisms are described. Finally, the toxins produced by each organism are listed, with a presentation of their biological activities and physical and biochemical characteristics. The complete amino acid sequences for some are known, and some of the genes have been cloned. The term toxin is used loosely to include the various antigenic protein products of these organisms with biological and serological activities which have served as distinguishing characteristics for differentiation and classification. Some of these factors are not truly toxic and have no known role in pathogenicity. Some of the interesting factors common to more than one species or group are the following: neurotoxins, lethal toxins, lecithinases, oxygen-labile hemolysins, binary toxins, and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Problems in bacterial nomenclature and designation of biologically active factors are noted.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Microbiol Rev</journal-id>
<journal-title>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0893-8512</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-6618</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">2404569</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">358141</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Toxigenic clostridia.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hatheway</surname>
<given-names>C L</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month>
<year>1990</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>66</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<abstract><p>Toxigenic clostridia belonging to 13 recognized species are discussed in this review. Each species or group of organisms is, in general, introduced by presenting the historical aspects of its discovery by early investigators of human and animal diseases. The diseases caused by each species or group are described and usually discussed in relation to the toxins involved in the pathology. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the organisms are described. Finally, the toxins produced by each organism are listed, with a presentation of their biological activities and physical and biochemical characteristics. The complete amino acid sequences for some are known, and some of the genes have been cloned. The term toxin is used loosely to include the various antigenic protein products of these organisms with biological and serological activities which have served as distinguishing characteristics for differentiation and classification. Some of these factors are not truly toxic and have no known role in pathogenicity. Some of the interesting factors common to more than one species or group are the following: neurotoxins, lethal toxins, lecithinases, oxygen-labile hemolysins, binary toxins, and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Problems in bacterial nomenclature and designation of biologically active factors are noted.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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