Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections
Identifieur interne : 000215 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000214; suivant : 000216Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections
Auteurs : Eri Nakayama ; Masayuki SaijoSource :
- Frontiers in Microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers (EHF and MHF) are caused by the Filoviridae family,
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00267
PubMed: 24046765
PubMed Central: 3763195
Affiliations:
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nakayama, Eri" sort="Nakayama, Eri" uniqKey="Nakayama E" first="Eri" last="Nakayama">Eri Nakayama</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saijo, Masayuki" sort="Saijo, Masayuki" uniqKey="Saijo M" first="Masayuki" last="Saijo">Masayuki Saijo</name>
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<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Microbiology</title>
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<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers (EHF and MHF) are caused by the Filoviridae family, <italic>Ebolavirus</italic>
and <italic>Marburgvirus</italic>
(ebolavirus and marburgvirus), respectively. These severe diseases have high mortality rates in humans. Although EHF and MHF are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. A novel filovirus, Lloviu virus, which is genetically distinct from ebolavirus and marburgvirus, was recently discovered in Spain where filoviral hemorrhagic fever had never been reported. The virulence of this virus has not been determined. Ebolavirus and marburgvirus are classified as biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogens and Category A agents, for which the US government requires preparedness in case of bioterrorism. Therefore, preventive measures against these viral hemorrhagic fevers should be prepared, not only in disease-endemic regions, but also in disease-free countries. Diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics need to be developed, and therefore the establishment of animal models for EHF and MHF is invaluable. Several animal models have been developed for EHF and MHF using non-human primates (NHPs) and rodents, which are crucial to understand pathophysiology and to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are representative models of filovirus infection as they exhibit remarkably similar symptoms to those observed in humans. However, the NHP models have practical and ethical problems that limit their experimental use. Furthermore, there are no inbred and genetically manipulated strains of NHP. Rodent models such as mouse, guinea pig, and hamster, have also been developed. However, these rodent models require adaptation of the virus to produce lethal disease and do not mirror all symptoms of human filovirus infection. This review article provides an outline of the clinical features of EHF and MHF in animals, including humans, and discusses how the animal models have been developed to study pathophysiology, vaccines, and therapeutics.</p>
</div>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Microbiol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1664-302X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24046765</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3763195</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2013.00267</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nakayama</surname>
<given-names>Eri</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saijo</surname>
<given-names>Masayuki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff><institution>Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>
<country>Tokyo, Japan</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Akio Adachi, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Stefan Pöhlmann, German Primate Center, Germany; Takeo Ohsugi, Kumamoto University, Japan</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Masayuki Saijo, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">msaijo@nih.go.jp</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Virology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epreprint"><day>03</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>267</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>09</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Nakayama and Saijo.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers (EHF and MHF) are caused by the Filoviridae family, <italic>Ebolavirus</italic>
and <italic>Marburgvirus</italic>
(ebolavirus and marburgvirus), respectively. These severe diseases have high mortality rates in humans. Although EHF and MHF are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. A novel filovirus, Lloviu virus, which is genetically distinct from ebolavirus and marburgvirus, was recently discovered in Spain where filoviral hemorrhagic fever had never been reported. The virulence of this virus has not been determined. Ebolavirus and marburgvirus are classified as biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogens and Category A agents, for which the US government requires preparedness in case of bioterrorism. Therefore, preventive measures against these viral hemorrhagic fevers should be prepared, not only in disease-endemic regions, but also in disease-free countries. Diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics need to be developed, and therefore the establishment of animal models for EHF and MHF is invaluable. Several animal models have been developed for EHF and MHF using non-human primates (NHPs) and rodents, which are crucial to understand pathophysiology and to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are representative models of filovirus infection as they exhibit remarkably similar symptoms to those observed in humans. However, the NHP models have practical and ethical problems that limit their experimental use. Furthermore, there are no inbred and genetically manipulated strains of NHP. Rodent models such as mouse, guinea pig, and hamster, have also been developed. However, these rodent models require adaptation of the virus to produce lethal disease and do not mirror all symptoms of human filovirus infection. This review article provides an outline of the clinical features of EHF and MHF in animals, including humans, and discusses how the animal models have been developed to study pathophysiology, vaccines, and therapeutics.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Ebola virus</kwd>
<kwd>Marburg virus</kwd>
<kwd>filovirus</kwd>
<kwd>animal models</kwd>
<kwd>viral hemorrhagic fever</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count>
<table-count count="3"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="152"></ref-count>
<page-count count="20"></page-count>
<word-count count="16097"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Nakayama, Eri" sort="Nakayama, Eri" uniqKey="Nakayama E" first="Eri" last="Nakayama">Eri Nakayama</name>
<name sortKey="Saijo, Masayuki" sort="Saijo, Masayuki" uniqKey="Saijo M" first="Masayuki" last="Saijo">Masayuki Saijo</name>
</noCountry>
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</affiliations>
</record>
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