Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs
Identifieur interne : 000159 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000158; suivant : 000160Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs
Auteurs : Cristina M. Villanueva [Espagne] ; Manolis Kogevinas [Espagne, Grèce] ; Sylvaine Cordier [France] ; Michael R. Templeton [Royaume-Uni] ; Roel Vermeulen [Pays-Bas] ; John R. Nuckols [États-Unis] ; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen [Espagne] ; Patrick Levallois [Canada]Source :
- Environmental Health Perspectives [ 0091-6765 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Background: Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them.
Objectives: We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water.
Discussion: Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small.
Conclusions: Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants.
Citation: Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221;
Url:
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206229
PubMed: 24380896
PubMed Central: 3948022
Affiliations:
- Canada, Espagne, France, Grèce, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Attique (région), Catalogne, Colorado, Communauté de Madrid, Grand Londres, Région Bretagne, Utrecht (province)
- Athènes, Barcelone, Londres, Madrid, Rennes, Utrecht
- Université d'Utrecht, Université de Rennes 1
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3948022Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs</title><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cristina M" sort="Villanueva, Cristina M" uniqKey="Villanueva C" first="Cristina M." last="Villanueva">Cristina M. Villanueva</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>National Institute of Public Health, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Public Health, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cordier, Sylvaine" sort="Cordier, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Cordier S" first="Sylvaine" last="Cordier">Sylvaine Cordier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR 1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR 1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Rennes 1</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Templeton, Michael R" sort="Templeton, Michael R" uniqKey="Templeton M" first="Michael R." last="Templeton">Michael R. Templeton</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel" sort="Vermeulen, Roel" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel" last="Vermeulen">Roel Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nuckols, John R" sort="Nuckols, John R" uniqKey="Nuckols J" first="John R." last="Nuckols">John R. Nuckols</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" sort="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M" first="Mark J." last="Nieuwenhuijsen">Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levallois, Patrick" sort="Levallois, Patrick" uniqKey="Levallois P" first="Patrick" last="Levallois">Patrick Levallois</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Laval, Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24380896</idno><idno type="pmc">3948022</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948022</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3948022</idno><idno type="doi">10.1289/ehp.1206229</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000498</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000498</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000497</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000497</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000159</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000159</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs</title><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cristina M" sort="Villanueva, Cristina M" uniqKey="Villanueva C" first="Cristina M." last="Villanueva">Cristina M. Villanueva</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>National Institute of Public Health, Athens, Greece</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Public Health, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cordier, Sylvaine" sort="Cordier, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Cordier S" first="Sylvaine" last="Cordier">Sylvaine Cordier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR 1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR 1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Rennes 1</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Templeton, Michael R" sort="Templeton, Michael R" uniqKey="Templeton M" first="Michael R." last="Templeton">Michael R. Templeton</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel" sort="Vermeulen, Roel" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel" last="Vermeulen">Roel Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nuckols, John R" sort="Nuckols, John R" uniqKey="Nuckols J" first="John R." last="Nuckols">John R. Nuckols</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" sort="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M" first="Mark J." last="Nieuwenhuijsen">Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levallois, Patrick" sort="Levallois, Patrick" uniqKey="Levallois P" first="Patrick" last="Levallois">Patrick Levallois</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Laval, Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-9924</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them.</p><p>Objectives: We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water.</p><p>Discussion: Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small.</p><p>Conclusions: Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants.</p><p>Citation: Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229">http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229</ext-link></p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aschebrook Kilfoy, B" uniqKey="Aschebrook Kilfoy B">B Aschebrook-Kilfoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heltshe, Sl" uniqKey="Heltshe S">SL Heltshe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nuckols, Jr" uniqKey="Nuckols J">JR Nuckols</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabra, Mm" uniqKey="Sabra M">MM Sabra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shuldiner, Ar" uniqKey="Shuldiner A">AR Shuldiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Bd" uniqKey="Mitchell B">BD Mitchell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bassin, Eb" uniqKey="Bassin E">EB Bassin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wypij, D" uniqKey="Wypij D">D Wypij</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Rb" uniqKey="Davis R">RB Davis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mittleman, Ma" uniqKey="Mittleman M">MA Mittleman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bloomfield, Jp" uniqKey="Bloomfield J">JP Bloomfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Rj" uniqKey="Williams R">RJ Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gooddy, Dc" uniqKey="Gooddy D">DC Gooddy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cape, Jn" uniqKey="Cape J">JN Cape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guha, P" uniqKey="Guha P">P Guha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boas, M" uniqKey="Boas M">M Boas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldt Rasmussen, U" uniqKey="Feldt Rasmussen U">U Feldt-Rasmussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Main, Km" uniqKey="Main K">KM Main</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bove, Ge" uniqKey="Bove G">GE Bove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rogerson, Pa" uniqKey="Rogerson P">PA Rogerson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vena, Je" uniqKey="Vena J">JE Vena</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brand, W" uniqKey="Brand W">W Brand</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jongh, Cm" uniqKey="De Jongh C">CM de Jongh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Linden, Sc" uniqKey="Van Der Linden S">SC van der Linden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mennes, W" uniqKey="Mennes W">W Mennes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Puijker, Lm" uniqKey="Puijker L">LM Puijker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, Cj" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen C">CJ van Leeuwen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubin, Jh" uniqKey="Lubin J">JH Lubin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cm" uniqKey="Villanueva C">CM Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, Dt" uniqKey="Silverman D">DT Silverman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Figueroa, Jd" uniqKey="Figueroa J">JD Figueroa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Real, Fx" uniqKey="Real F">FX Real</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Closas, M" uniqKey="Garcia Closas M">M Garcia-Closas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Costet, N" uniqKey="Costet N">N Costet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cm" uniqKey="Villanueva C">CM Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaakkola, Jj" uniqKey="Jaakkola J">JJ Jaakkola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M">M Kogevinas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Wd" uniqKey="King W">WD King</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dewitt, Jc" uniqKey="Dewitt J">JC DeWitt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peden Adams, Mm" uniqKey="Peden Adams M">MM Peden-Adams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, Jm" uniqKey="Keller J">JM Keller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Germolec, Dr" uniqKey="Germolec D">DR Germolec</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Diaz Cruz, Ms" uniqKey="Diaz Cruz M">MS Díaz-Cruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gago Ferrero, P" uniqKey="Gago Ferrero P">P Gago-Ferrero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Llorca, M" uniqKey="Llorca M">M Llorca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barcel, D" uniqKey="Barcel D">D Barceló</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dingemans, Mm" uniqKey="Dingemans M">MM Dingemans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, M" uniqKey="Van Den Berg M">M van den Berg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Westerink, Rh" uniqKey="Westerink R">RH Westerink</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Tj" uniqKey="Doyle T">TJ Doyle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, W" uniqKey="Zheng W">W Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerhan, Jr" uniqKey="Cerhan J">JR Cerhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Cp" uniqKey="Hong C">CP Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sellers, Ta" uniqKey="Sellers T">TA Sellers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kushi, Lh" uniqKey="Kushi L">LH Kushi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ericson, I" uniqKey="Ericson I">I Ericson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nadal, M" uniqKey="Nadal M">M Nadal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bavel, B" uniqKey="Van Bavel B">B van Bavel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, G" uniqKey="Lindstrom G">G Lindstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Domingo, Jl" uniqKey="Domingo J">JL Domingo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Forssen, Um" uniqKey="Forssen U">UM Forssen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Jm" uniqKey="Wright J">JM Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herring, Ah" uniqKey="Herring A">AH Herring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savitz, Da" uniqKey="Savitz D">DA Savitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mj" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M">MJ Nieuwenhuijsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Pa" uniqKey="Murphy P">PA Murphy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frisbie, Sh" uniqKey="Frisbie S">SH Frisbie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Ej" uniqKey="Mitchell E">EJ Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dustin, H" uniqKey="Dustin H">H Dustin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maynard, Dm" uniqKey="Maynard D">DM Maynard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarkar, B" uniqKey="Sarkar B">B Sarkar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, Lg" uniqKey="Gallagher L">LG Gallagher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Tf" uniqKey="Webster T">TF Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aschengrau, A" uniqKey="Aschengrau A">A Aschengrau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vieira, Vm" uniqKey="Vieira V">VM Vieira</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hildesheim, Me" uniqKey="Hildesheim M">ME Hildesheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lynch, Cf" uniqKey="Lynch C">CF Lynch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dosemeci, M" uniqKey="Dosemeci M">M Dosemeci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubin, J" uniqKey="Lubin J">J Lubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alavanja, M" uniqKey="Alavanja M">M Alavanja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hinckley, Af" uniqKey="Hinckley A">AF Hinckley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bachand, Am" uniqKey="Bachand A">AM Bachand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reif, Js" uniqKey="Reif J">JS Reif</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffman, Cs" uniqKey="Hoffman C">CS Hoffman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendola, P" uniqKey="Mendola P">P Mendola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savitz, Da" uniqKey="Savitz D">DA Savitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herring, Ah" uniqKey="Herring A">AH Herring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loomis, D" uniqKey="Loomis D">D Loomis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartmann, Ke" uniqKey="Hartmann K">KE Hartmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huerta Fontela, M" uniqKey="Huerta Fontela M">M Huerta-Fontela</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galceran, Mt" uniqKey="Galceran M">MT Galceran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ventura, F" uniqKey="Ventura F">F Ventura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jeong, Ch" uniqKey="Jeong C">CH Jeong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ed" uniqKey="Wagner E">ED Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, Vr" uniqKey="Siebert V">VR Siebert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anduri, S" uniqKey="Anduri S">S Anduri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daiber, Ej" uniqKey="Daiber E">EJ Daiber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joehnk, Kd" uniqKey="Joehnk K">KD Joehnk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huisman, J" uniqKey="Huisman J">J Huisman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharples, J" uniqKey="Sharples J">J Sharples</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sommeijer, B" uniqKey="Sommeijer B">B Sommeijer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, Pm" uniqKey="Visser P">PM Visser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stroom, Jm" uniqKey="Stroom J">JM Stroom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karagas, Mr" uniqKey="Karagas M">MR Karagas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tosteson, Td" uniqKey="Tosteson T">TD Tosteson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, Js" uniqKey="Morris J">JS Morris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demidenko, E" uniqKey="Demidenko E">E Demidenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mott, La" uniqKey="Mott L">LA Mott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heaney, J" uniqKey="Heaney J">J Heaney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Fm" uniqKey="Kim F">FM Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, C" uniqKey="Hayes C">C Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Pl" uniqKey="Williams P">PL Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitford, Gm" uniqKey="Whitford G">GM Whitford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joshipura, Kj" uniqKey="Joshipura K">KJ Joshipura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoover, Rn" uniqKey="Hoover R">RN Hoover</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="King, Wd" uniqKey="King W">WD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marrett, Ld" uniqKey="Marrett L">LD Marrett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woolcott, Cg" uniqKey="Woolcott C">CG Woolcott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koivusalo, M" uniqKey="Koivusalo M">M Koivusalo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pukkala, E" uniqKey="Pukkala E">E Pukkala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vartiainen, T" uniqKey="Vartiainen T">T Vartiainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaakkola, Jj" uniqKey="Jaakkola J">JJ Jaakkola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hakulinen, T" uniqKey="Hakulinen T">T Hakulinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levallois, P" uniqKey="Levallois P">P Levallois</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gingras, S" uniqKey="Gingras S">S Gingras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marcoux, S" uniqKey="Marcoux S">S Marcoux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Legay, C" uniqKey="Legay C">C Legay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Catto, C" uniqKey="Catto C">C Catto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, M" uniqKey="Rodriguez M">M Rodriguez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ljung, K" uniqKey="Ljung K">K Ljung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahter, M" uniqKey="Vahter M">M Vahter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malde, Mk" uniqKey="Malde M">MK Malde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scheidegger, R" uniqKey="Scheidegger R">R Scheidegger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Julshamn, K" uniqKey="Julshamn K">K Julshamn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bader, Hp" uniqKey="Bader H">HP Bader</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melzer, D" uniqKey="Melzer D">D Melzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, N" uniqKey="Rice N">N Rice</name></author><author><name sortKey="Depledge, Mh" uniqKey="Depledge M">MH Depledge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henley, We" uniqKey="Henley W">WE Henley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galloway, Ts" uniqKey="Galloway T">TS Galloway</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, Le" uniqKey="Moore L">LE Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karami, S" uniqKey="Karami S">S Karami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmaus, C" uniqKey="Steinmaus C">C Steinmaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Newcombe, G" uniqKey="Newcombe G">G Newcombe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chorus, I" uniqKey="Chorus I">I Chorus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falconer, I" uniqKey="Falconer I">I Falconer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Tf" uniqKey="Lin T">TF Lin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nuckols, Jr" uniqKey="Nuckols J">JR Nuckols</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freeman, Le" uniqKey="Freeman L">LE Freeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubin, Jh" uniqKey="Lubin J">JH Lubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Airola, Ms" uniqKey="Airola M">MS Airola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baris, D" uniqKey="Baris D">D Baris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayotte, Jd" uniqKey="Ayotte J">JD Ayotte</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oppel, J" uniqKey="Oppel J">J Oppel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Broll, G" uniqKey="Broll G">G Broll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loffler, D" uniqKey="Loffler D">D Löffler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meller, M" uniqKey="Meller M">M Meller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rombke, J" uniqKey="Rombke J">J Römbke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ternes, T" uniqKey="Ternes T">T Ternes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paerl, Hw" uniqKey="Paerl H">HW Paerl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huisman, J" uniqKey="Huisman J">J Huisman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pham, Tp" uniqKey="Pham T">TP Pham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Cw" uniqKey="Cho C">CW Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yun, Ys" uniqKey="Yun Y">YS Yun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plewa, Mj" uniqKey="Plewa M">MJ Plewa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muellner, Mg" uniqKey="Muellner M">MG Muellner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fasano, F" uniqKey="Fasano F">F Fasano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buettner, Km" uniqKey="Buettner K">KM Buettner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Yt" uniqKey="Woo Y">YT Woo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plewa, Mj" uniqKey="Plewa M">MJ Plewa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simmons, Je" uniqKey="Simmons J">JE Simmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ed" uniqKey="Wagner E">ED Wagner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plewa, Mj" uniqKey="Plewa M">MJ Plewa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ed" uniqKey="Wagner E">ED Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thurston, Ad" uniqKey="Thurston A">AD Thurston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Yt" uniqKey="Woo Y">YT Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckague, Ab" uniqKey="Mckague A">AB McKague</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Post, Gb" uniqKey="Post G">GB Post</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohn, Pd" uniqKey="Cohn P">PD Cohn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Kr" uniqKey="Cooper K">KR Cooper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Probst, M" uniqKey="Probst M">M Probst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berenzen, N" uniqKey="Berenzen N">N Berenzen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lentzen Godding, A" uniqKey="Lentzen Godding A">A Lentzen-Godding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, R" uniqKey="Schulz R">R Schulz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rappaport, Sm" uniqKey="Rappaport S">SM Rappaport</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ren, X" uniqKey="Ren X">X Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mchale, Cm" uniqKey="Mchale C">CM McHale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skibola, Cf" uniqKey="Skibola C">CF Skibola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Ah" uniqKey="Smith A">AH Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Mt" uniqKey="Smith M">MT Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demarini, Dm" uniqKey="Demarini D">DM DeMarini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M">M Kogevinas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, P" uniqKey="Fernandez P">P Fernandez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marco, E" uniqKey="Marco E">E Marco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lourencetti, C" uniqKey="Lourencetti C">C Lourencetti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plewa, Mj" uniqKey="Plewa M">MJ Plewa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ed" uniqKey="Wagner E">ED Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schoeny, R" uniqKey="Schoeny R">R Schoeny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demarini, Dm" uniqKey="Demarini D">DM DeMarini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Sd" uniqKey="Richardson S">SD Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ternes, Ta" uniqKey="Ternes T">TA Ternes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Righi, E" uniqKey="Righi E">E Righi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bechtold, P" uniqKey="Bechtold P">P Bechtold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tortorici, D" uniqKey="Tortorici D">D Tortorici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauriola, P" uniqKey="Lauriola P">P Lauriola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Calzolari, E" uniqKey="Calzolari E">E Calzolari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Astolfi, G" uniqKey="Astolfi G">G Astolfi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rogers, Vv" uniqKey="Rogers V">VV Rogers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wickstrom, M" uniqKey="Wickstrom M">M Wickstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liber, K" uniqKey="Liber K">K Liber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackinnon, Md" uniqKey="Mackinnon M">MD MacKinnon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Savitz, Da" uniqKey="Savitz D">DA Savitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schreurs, Rh" uniqKey="Schreurs R">RH Schreurs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Legler, J" uniqKey="Legler J">J Legler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Artola Garicano, E" uniqKey="Artola Garicano E">E Artola-Garicano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sinnige, Tl" uniqKey="Sinnige T">TL Sinnige</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lanser, Ph" uniqKey="Lanser P">PH Lanser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seinen, W" uniqKey="Seinen W">W Seinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schriks, M" uniqKey="Schriks M">M Schriks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heringa, Mb" uniqKey="Heringa M">MB Heringa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Kooi, Mm" uniqKey="Van Der Kooi M">MM van der Kooi</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Voogt, P" uniqKey="De Voogt P">P de Voogt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wezel, Ap" uniqKey="Van Wezel A">AP van Wezel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwarzenbach, Rp" uniqKey="Schwarzenbach R">RP Schwarzenbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Escher, Bi" uniqKey="Escher B">BI Escher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenner, K" uniqKey="Fenner K">K Fenner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofstetter, Tb" uniqKey="Hofstetter T">TB Hofstetter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Ca" uniqKey="Johnson C">CA Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Von Gunten, U" uniqKey="Von Gunten U">U von Gunten</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shen, R" uniqKey="Shen R">R Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrews, Sa" uniqKey="Andrews S">SA Andrews</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Silva, E" uniqKey="Silva E">E Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rajapakse, N" uniqKey="Rajapakse N">N Rajapakse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kortenkamp, A" uniqKey="Kortenkamp A">A Kortenkamp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Ah" uniqKey="Smith A">AH Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopipero, Pa" uniqKey="Lopipero P">PA Lopipero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bates, Mn" uniqKey="Bates M">MN Bates</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmaus, Cm" uniqKey="Steinmaus C">CM Steinmaus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ternes, T" uniqKey="Ternes T">T Ternes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Toledano, Mb" uniqKey="Toledano M">MB Toledano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mj" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M">MJ Nieuwenhuijsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Best, N" uniqKey="Best N">N Best</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitaker, H" uniqKey="Whitaker H">H Whitaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hambly, P" uniqKey="Hambly P">P Hambly</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Hoogh, C" uniqKey="De Hoogh C">C de Hoogh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valcarcel, Y" uniqKey="Valcarcel Y">Y Valcárcel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, F" uniqKey="Martinez F">F Martínez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alonso, S" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alonso S">S González-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Segura, Y" uniqKey="Segura Y">Y Segura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Catala, M" uniqKey="Catala M">M Catalá</name></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, R" uniqKey="Molina R">R Molina</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cm" uniqKey="Villanueva C">CM Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cantor, Kp" uniqKey="Cantor K">KP Cantor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cordier, S" uniqKey="Cordier S">S Cordier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaakkola, Jj" uniqKey="Jaakkola J">JJ Jaakkola</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Wd" uniqKey="King W">WD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lynch, Cf" uniqKey="Lynch C">CF Lynch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cm" uniqKey="Villanueva C">CM Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castano Vinyals, G" uniqKey="Castano Vinyals G">G Castano-Vinyals</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, V" uniqKey="Moreno V">V Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carrasco Turigas, G" uniqKey="Carrasco Turigas G">G Carrasco-Turigas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aragones, N" uniqKey="Aragones N">N Aragones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boldo, E" uniqKey="Boldo E">E Boldo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cm" uniqKey="Villanueva C">CM Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverman, Dt" uniqKey="Silverman D">DT Silverman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malats, N" uniqKey="Malats N">N Malats</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tardon, A" uniqKey="Tardon A">A Tardon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Closas, R" uniqKey="Garcia Closas R">R Garcia-Closas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serra, C" uniqKey="Serra C">C Serra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Waller, K" uniqKey="Waller K">K Waller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swan, Sh" uniqKey="Swan S">SH Swan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Windham, Gc" uniqKey="Windham G">GC Windham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenster, L" uniqKey="Fenster L">L Fenster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ward, Mh" uniqKey="Ward M">MH Ward</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dekok, Tm" uniqKey="Dekok T">TM deKok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levallois, P" uniqKey="Levallois P">P Levallois</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brender, J" uniqKey="Brender J">J Brender</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gulis, G" uniqKey="Gulis G">G Gulis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nolan, Bt" uniqKey="Nolan B">BT Nolan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilbers, Gj" uniqKey="Wilbers G">GJ Wilbers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zwolsman, G" uniqKey="Zwolsman G">G Zwolsman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klaver, G" uniqKey="Klaver G">G Klaver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hendriks, Aj" uniqKey="Hendriks A">AJ Hendriks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wild, Cp" uniqKey="Wild C">CP Wild</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilkins, Jr" uniqKey="Wilkins J">JR Wilkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comstock, Gw" uniqKey="Comstock G">GW Comstock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, Jm" uniqKey="Wright J">JM Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bateson, Tf" uniqKey="Bateson T">TF Bateson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zoni, S" uniqKey="Zoni S">S Zoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lucchini, Rg" uniqKey="Lucchini R">RG Lucchini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zwolsman, Jj" uniqKey="Zwolsman J">JJ Zwolsman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bokhoven, Aj" uniqKey="Van Bokhoven A">AJ van Bokhoven</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Environ Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Environ. Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">EHP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Environmental Health Perspectives</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0091-6765</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1552-9924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24380896</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3948022</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ehp.1206229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1289/ehp.1206229</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Villanueva</surname><given-names>Cristina M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kogevinas</surname><given-names>Manolis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cordier</surname><given-names>Sylvaine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Templeton</surname><given-names>Michael R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vermeulen</surname><given-names>Roel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nuckols</surname><given-names>John R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nieuwenhuijsen</surname><given-names>Mark J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levallois</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>National Institute of Public Health, Athens, Greece</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR 1085, IRSET (Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><addr-line>Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><addr-line>Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><addr-line>Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><addr-line>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><addr-line>Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Canada</addr-line></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to C.M. Villanueva, CREAL–Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003-Barcelona (Spain). Telephone: (34) 93 214 73 44. E-mail: <email>cvillanueva@creal.cat</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>122</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></date><date><day>03</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></date><date><day>01</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" license-type="public-domain"><license-p>Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, “Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives”); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. </license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Background: Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them.</p><p>Objectives: We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water.</p><p>Discussion: Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small.</p><p>Conclusions: Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants.</p><p>Citation: Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229">http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229</ext-link></p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Attique (région)</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Colorado</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Athènes</li><li>Barcelone</li><li>Londres</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Rennes</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Utrecht</li><li>Université de Rennes 1</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cristina M" sort="Villanueva, Cristina M" uniqKey="Villanueva C" first="Cristina M." last="Villanueva">Cristina M. Villanueva</name></region><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" sort="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M" first="Mark J." last="Nieuwenhuijsen">Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen</name><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" sort="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M" first="Mark J." last="Nieuwenhuijsen">Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen</name><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cristina M" sort="Villanueva, Cristina M" uniqKey="Villanueva C" first="Cristina M." last="Villanueva">Cristina M. Villanueva</name><name sortKey="Villanueva, Cristina M" sort="Villanueva, Cristina M" uniqKey="Villanueva C" first="Cristina M." last="Villanueva">Cristina M. Villanueva</name></country><country name="Grèce"><region name="Attique (région)"><name sortKey="Kogevinas, Manolis" sort="Kogevinas, Manolis" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="Manolis" last="Kogevinas">Manolis Kogevinas</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Région Bretagne"><name sortKey="Cordier, Sylvaine" sort="Cordier, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Cordier S" first="Sylvaine" last="Cordier">Sylvaine Cordier</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Templeton, Michael R" sort="Templeton, Michael R" uniqKey="Templeton M" first="Michael R." last="Templeton">Michael R. Templeton</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Vermeulen, Roel" sort="Vermeulen, Roel" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="Roel" last="Vermeulen">Roel Vermeulen</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Colorado"><name sortKey="Nuckols, John R" sort="Nuckols, John R" uniqKey="Nuckols J" first="John R." last="Nuckols">John R. Nuckols</name></region></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Levallois, Patrick" sort="Levallois, Patrick" uniqKey="Levallois P" first="Patrick" last="Levallois">Patrick Levallois</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Levallois, Patrick" sort="Levallois, Patrick" uniqKey="Levallois P" first="Patrick" last="Levallois">Patrick Levallois</name><name sortKey="Levallois, Patrick" sort="Levallois, Patrick" uniqKey="Levallois P" first="Patrick" last="Levallois">Patrick Levallois</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000159 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000159 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3948022
|texte= Assessing Exposure and Health Consequences of Chemicals in Drinking Water: Current State of Knowledge and Research Needs
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24380896" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CobaltMaghrebV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |