Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history
Identifieur interne : 000068 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000067; suivant : 000069Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history
Auteurs : Anja Eichler [Suisse] ; Gabriela Gramlich [Suisse] ; Thomas Kellerhals [Suisse] ; Leonhard Tobler [Suisse] ; Margit Schwikowski [Suisse]Source :
- Science Advances [ 2375-2548 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Ice core records show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400196
PubMed: 26601147
PubMed Central: 4643815
Affiliations:
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core records show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R">R. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Adv</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Adv</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SciAdv</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">advances</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Science Advances</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2375-2548</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26601147</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4643815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1400196</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/sciadv.1400196</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="legacy-article-type"><subject>SciAdv r-articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="field"><subject>Environmental Science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="overline"><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eichler</surname><given-names>Anja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gramlich</surname><given-names>Gabriela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kellerhals</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tobler</surname><given-names>Leonhard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwikowski</surname><given-names>Margit</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Corresponding author. E-mail: <email xlink:href="anja.eichler@psi.ch">anja.eichler@psi.ch</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>e1400196</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, The Authors</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Authors</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" id="p-2"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license</ext-link>, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract abstract-type="teaser"><p>Ice core records show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since precolonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic lead (Pb) into the atmosphere; however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. We present a comprehensive Pb emission history for the last two millennia for South America, based on a continuous, high-resolution, ice core record from Illimani glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb deposition history revealed enhanced Pb enrichment factors (EFs) due to metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450–950), the Inca empires (AD 1450–1532), colonial times (AD 1532–1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s, Pb EFs increased by a factor of 3 compared to the emission level from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline-related Pb emissions. Our results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Lead pollution</kwd><kwd>ice core</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>leaded gasoline</kwd><kwd>Altiplano metallurgy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Berne</li></region><settlement><li>Berne</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Berne</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Eichler, Anja" sort="Eichler, Anja" uniqKey="Eichler A" first="Anja" last="Eichler">Anja Eichler</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Eichler, Anja" sort="Eichler, Anja" uniqKey="Eichler A" first="Anja" last="Eichler">Anja Eichler</name><name sortKey="Gramlich, Gabriela" sort="Gramlich, Gabriela" uniqKey="Gramlich G" first="Gabriela" last="Gramlich">Gabriela Gramlich</name><name sortKey="Gramlich, Gabriela" sort="Gramlich, Gabriela" uniqKey="Gramlich G" first="Gabriela" last="Gramlich">Gabriela Gramlich</name><name sortKey="Gramlich, Gabriela" sort="Gramlich, Gabriela" uniqKey="Gramlich G" first="Gabriela" last="Gramlich">Gabriela Gramlich</name><name sortKey="Kellerhals, Thomas" sort="Kellerhals, Thomas" uniqKey="Kellerhals T" first="Thomas" last="Kellerhals">Thomas Kellerhals</name><name sortKey="Kellerhals, Thomas" sort="Kellerhals, Thomas" uniqKey="Kellerhals T" first="Thomas" last="Kellerhals">Thomas Kellerhals</name><name sortKey="Schwikowski, Margit" sort="Schwikowski, Margit" uniqKey="Schwikowski M" first="Margit" last="Schwikowski">Margit Schwikowski</name><name sortKey="Schwikowski, Margit" sort="Schwikowski, Margit" uniqKey="Schwikowski M" first="Margit" last="Schwikowski">Margit Schwikowski</name><name sortKey="Schwikowski, Margit" sort="Schwikowski, Margit" uniqKey="Schwikowski M" first="Margit" last="Schwikowski">Margit Schwikowski</name><name sortKey="Tobler, Leonhard" sort="Tobler, Leonhard" uniqKey="Tobler L" first="Leonhard" last="Tobler">Leonhard Tobler</name><name sortKey="Tobler, Leonhard" sort="Tobler, Leonhard" uniqKey="Tobler L" first="Leonhard" last="Tobler">Leonhard Tobler</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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