Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan
Identifieur interne : 000064 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000063; suivant : 000065Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan
Auteurs : Muhammad Z. Shabbir [Pakistan] ; Tariq Jamil [Pakistan] ; Asad A. Ali [Pakistan] ; Arfan Ahmad [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Naeem [Pakistan] ; Muhammad H. Chaudhary [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Bilal [Pakistan] ; Muhammad A. Ali [Pakistan] ; Khushi Muhammad [Pakistan] ; Tahir Yaqub [Pakistan] ; Asghari Bano [Pakistan] ; Ali I. Mirza [Pakistan] ; Muhammad A. B. Shabbir [Pakistan] ; Walter R. Mcvey [États-Unis] ; Ketan Patel [États-Unis] ; Stephen Francesconi [États-Unis] ; Bhushan M. Jayarao [États-Unis] ; Masood Rabbani [Pakistan]Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2015.
Abstract
A multidisciplinary, collaborative project was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan and ascertain its Public Health Significance. Using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00917
PubMed: 26441860
PubMed Central: 4564694
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4564694Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan</title><author><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad Z." last="Shabbir">Muhammad Z. Shabbir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamil, Tariq" sort="Jamil, Tariq" uniqKey="Jamil T" first="Tariq" last="Jamil">Tariq Jamil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Asad A" sort="Ali, Asad A" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Asad A." last="Ali">Asad A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Arfan" sort="Ahmad, Arfan" uniqKey="Ahmad A" first="Arfan" last="Ahmad">Arfan Ahmad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, Muhammad" sort="Naeem, Muhammad" uniqKey="Naeem M" first="Muhammad" last="Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Quaid-i-Azam University</institution><country>Islamabad, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" sort="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" uniqKey="Chaudhary M" first="Muhammad H." last="Chaudhary">Muhammad H. Chaudhary</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>University of the Punjab</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bilal, Muhammad" sort="Bilal, Muhammad" uniqKey="Bilal M" first="Muhammad" last="Bilal">Muhammad Bilal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Muhammad A" sort="Ali, Muhammad A" uniqKey="Ali M" first="Muhammad A." last="Ali">Muhammad A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muhammad, Khushi" sort="Muhammad, Khushi" uniqKey="Muhammad K" first="Khushi" last="Muhammad">Khushi Muhammad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaqub, Tahir" sort="Yaqub, Tahir" uniqKey="Yaqub T" first="Tahir" last="Yaqub">Tahir Yaqub</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bano, Asghari" sort="Bano, Asghari" uniqKey="Bano A" first="Asghari" last="Bano">Asghari Bano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Quaid-i-Azam University</institution><country>Islamabad, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirza, Ali I" sort="Mirza, Ali I" uniqKey="Mirza A" first="Ali I." last="Mirza">Ali I. Mirza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Government College University</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad A. B." last="Shabbir">Muhammad A. B. Shabbir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcvey, Walter R" sort="Mcvey, Walter R" uniqKey="Mcvey W" first="Walter R." last="Mcvey">Walter R. Mcvey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University</institution><country>University Park, PA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Ketan" sort="Patel, Ketan" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Ketan" last="Patel">Ketan Patel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Naval Medical Research Unit</institution><country>Frederick, MA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francesconi, Stephen" sort="Francesconi, Stephen" uniqKey="Francesconi S" first="Stephen" last="Francesconi">Stephen Francesconi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Naval Medical Research Unit</institution><country>Frederick, MA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayarao, Bhushan M" sort="Jayarao, Bhushan M" uniqKey="Jayarao B" first="Bhushan M." last="Jayarao">Bhushan M. Jayarao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University</institution><country>University Park, PA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabbani, Masood" sort="Rabbani, Masood" uniqKey="Rabbani M" first="Masood" last="Rabbani">Masood Rabbani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26441860</idno><idno type="pmc">4564694</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564694</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4564694</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2015.00917</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000012</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000012</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000012</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000012</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000064</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000064</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan</title><author><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad Z." last="Shabbir">Muhammad Z. Shabbir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamil, Tariq" sort="Jamil, Tariq" uniqKey="Jamil T" first="Tariq" last="Jamil">Tariq Jamil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Asad A" sort="Ali, Asad A" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Asad A." last="Ali">Asad A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Arfan" sort="Ahmad, Arfan" uniqKey="Ahmad A" first="Arfan" last="Ahmad">Arfan Ahmad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, Muhammad" sort="Naeem, Muhammad" uniqKey="Naeem M" first="Muhammad" last="Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Quaid-i-Azam University</institution><country>Islamabad, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" sort="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" uniqKey="Chaudhary M" first="Muhammad H." last="Chaudhary">Muhammad H. Chaudhary</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>University of the Punjab</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bilal, Muhammad" sort="Bilal, Muhammad" uniqKey="Bilal M" first="Muhammad" last="Bilal">Muhammad Bilal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Muhammad A" sort="Ali, Muhammad A" uniqKey="Ali M" first="Muhammad A." last="Ali">Muhammad A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muhammad, Khushi" sort="Muhammad, Khushi" uniqKey="Muhammad K" first="Khushi" last="Muhammad">Khushi Muhammad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaqub, Tahir" sort="Yaqub, Tahir" uniqKey="Yaqub T" first="Tahir" last="Yaqub">Tahir Yaqub</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bano, Asghari" sort="Bano, Asghari" uniqKey="Bano A" first="Asghari" last="Bano">Asghari Bano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Quaid-i-Azam University</institution><country>Islamabad, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirza, Ali I" sort="Mirza, Ali I" uniqKey="Mirza A" first="Ali I." last="Mirza">Ali I. Mirza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Government College University</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad A. B." last="Shabbir">Muhammad A. B. Shabbir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcvey, Walter R" sort="Mcvey, Walter R" uniqKey="Mcvey W" first="Walter R." last="Mcvey">Walter R. Mcvey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University</institution><country>University Park, PA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Ketan" sort="Patel, Ketan" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Ketan" last="Patel">Ketan Patel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Naval Medical Research Unit</institution><country>Frederick, MA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francesconi, Stephen" sort="Francesconi, Stephen" uniqKey="Francesconi S" first="Stephen" last="Francesconi">Stephen Francesconi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Naval Medical Research Unit</institution><country>Frederick, MA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayarao, Bhushan M" sort="Jayarao, Bhushan M" uniqKey="Jayarao B" first="Bhushan M." last="Jayarao">Bhushan M. Jayarao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University</institution><country>University Park, PA, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabbani, Masood" sort="Rabbani, Masood" uniqKey="Rabbani M" first="Masood" last="Rabbani">Masood Rabbani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Microbiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-302X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A multidisciplinary, collaborative project was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan and ascertain its Public Health Significance. Using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (<italic>n</italic> = 145) were collected from villages (<italic>n</italic> = 29, 5 samples/village) and examined for <italic>Bacillus anthracis, Burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis</italic>, and <italic>Yersinia pestis</italic> using real time PCR assays. Chemical analysis of soil samples was also performed on these samples. The relationship between soil composition and absence or presence of the pathogen, and seven risk factors was evaluated. DNA of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> (CapB), <italic>B. mallei/pseudomallei</italic> (chromosomal gene)<italic>, C. burnetii</italic> (IS1111, transposase gene), and <italic>F. tularensis</italic> (lipoprotein/outer membrane protein) was detected in 9.6, 1.4, 4.8, and 13.1% of soil samples, respectively. None of the samples were positive for protective antigen plasmid (PA) of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> and <italic>Y. pestis</italic> (plasminogen activating factor, pPla gene). The prevalence of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> (CapB) was found to be associated with organic matter, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), sodium (Na), ferrous (Fe), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Phosphorous (P) was found to be associated with prevalence of <italic>F. tularensis</italic> while it were Mg, Co, Na, Fe, Ca, and K for <italic>C. burnetii</italic>. The odds of detecting DNA of <italic>F. tularensis</italic> were 2.7, 4.1, and 2.7 higher when soil sample sites were >1 km from animal markets, >500 m from vehicular traffic roads and animal density of < 1000 animals, respectively. While the odds of detecting DNA of <italic>C. burnetii</italic> was 32, 11.8, and 5.9 higher when soil sample sites were >500 m from vehicular traffic roads, presence of ground cover and animal density of < 1000 animals, respectively. In conclusion, the distribution pattern of the soil-borne pathogens in and around the areas of Lahore district puts both human and animal populations at a high risk of exposure. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic nature and molecular diversity of prevailing pathogens together with their seroconversion in animals and humans.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aikembayev, A M" uniqKey="Aikembayev A">A. M. Aikembayev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lukhnova, L" uniqKey="Lukhnova L">L. Lukhnova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Temiraliyeva, G" uniqKey="Temiraliyeva G">G. Temiraliyeva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meka Mechenko, T" uniqKey="Meka Mechenko T">T. Meka-Mechenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pazylov, Y" uniqKey="Pazylov Y">Y. Pazylov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zakaryan, S" uniqKey="Zakaryan S">S. Zakaryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alkhuder, K" uniqKey="Alkhuder K">K. Alkhuder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meibom, K L" uniqKey="Meibom K">K. L. Meibom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubail, I" uniqKey="Dubail I">I. Dubail</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dupuis, M" uniqKey="Dupuis M">M. Dupuis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charbit, A" uniqKey="Charbit A">A. Charbit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Astobiza, I" uniqKey="Astobiza I">I. Astobiza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barandika, J F" uniqKey="Barandika J">J. F. Barandika</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Fons, F" uniqKey="Ruiz Fons F">F. Ruiz-Fons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtado, A" uniqKey="Hurtado A">A. Hurtado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Povedano, I" uniqKey="Povedano I">I. Povedano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Juste, R A" uniqKey="Juste R">R. A. Juste</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ayyadurai, S" uniqKey="Ayyadurai S">S. Ayyadurai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houhamdi, L" uniqKey="Houhamdi L">L. Houhamdi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lepidi, H" uniqKey="Lepidi H">H. Lepidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nappez, C" uniqKey="Nappez C">C. Nappez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D. Raoult</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, M" uniqKey="Drancourt M">M. Drancourt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernard, K" uniqKey="Bernard K">K. Bernard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tessier, S" uniqKey="Tessier S">S. Tessier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winstanley, J" uniqKey="Winstanley J">J. Winstanley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, D" uniqKey="Chang D">D. Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borczyk, A" uniqKey="Borczyk A">A. Borczyk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butler, T" uniqKey="Butler T">T. Butler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christensen, D R" uniqKey="Christensen D">D. R. Christensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, L J" uniqKey="Hartman L">L. J. Hartman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loveless, B M" uniqKey="Loveless B">B. M. Loveless</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frye, M S" uniqKey="Frye M">M. S. Frye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shipley, M A" uniqKey="Shipley M">M. A. Shipley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bridge, D L" uniqKey="Bridge D">D. L. Bridge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coenye, T" uniqKey="Coenye T">T. Coenye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vandamme, P" uniqKey="Vandamme P">P. Vandamme</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deng, K" uniqKey="Deng K">K. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blick, R J" uniqKey="Blick R">R. J. Blick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, W" uniqKey="Liu W">W. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, E J" uniqKey="Hansen E">E. J. Hansen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dennis, D T" uniqKey="Dennis D">D. T. Dennis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inglesby, T V" uniqKey="Inglesby T">T. V. Inglesby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, D A" uniqKey="Henderson D">D. A. Henderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bartlett, J G" uniqKey="Bartlett J">J. G. Bartlett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ascher, M S" uniqKey="Ascher M">M. S. Ascher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eitzen, E" uniqKey="Eitzen E">E. Eitzen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dragon, D C" uniqKey="Dragon D">D. C. Dragon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rennie, R P" uniqKey="Rennie R">R. P. Rennie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Epp, T" uniqKey="Epp T">T. Epp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waldner, C" uniqKey="Waldner C">C. Waldner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Argue, C K" uniqKey="Argue C">C. K. Argue</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fierer, N J" uniqKey="Fierer N">N. J. Fierer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schimel, R" uniqKey="Schimel R">R. Schimel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, J" uniqKey="Zou J">J. Zou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fouet, A" uniqKey="Fouet A">A. Fouet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mock, M" uniqKey="Mock M">M. Mock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frank, K" uniqKey="Frank K">K. Frank</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beegle, D" uniqKey="Beegle D">D. Beegle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denning, J" uniqKey="Denning J">J. Denning</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammerstrom, T G" uniqKey="Hammerstrom T">T. G. Hammerstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roh, J H" uniqKey="Roh J">J. H. Roh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nikonowicz, E P" uniqKey="Nikonowicz E">E. P. Nikonowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koehler, T M" uniqKey="Koehler T">T. M. Koehler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hornstra, H" uniqKey="Hornstra H">H. Hornstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, T" uniqKey="Pearson T">T. Pearson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Georgia, S" uniqKey="Georgia S">S. Georgia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liguori, A" uniqKey="Liguori A">A. Liguori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dale, J" uniqKey="Dale J">J. Dale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, E" uniqKey="Price E">E. Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hugh Jones, M" uniqKey="Hugh Jones M">M. Hugh-Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blackburn, J" uniqKey="Blackburn J">J. Blackburn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kersh, G J" uniqKey="Kersh G">G. J. Kersh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fitzpatrick, K A" uniqKey="Fitzpatrick K">K. A. Fitzpatrick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Self, J S" uniqKey="Self J">J. S. Self</name></author><author><name sortKey="Priestley, R A" uniqKey="Priestley R">R. A. Priestley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, A J" uniqKey="Kelly A">A. J. Kelly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lash, R R" uniqKey="Lash R">R. R. Lash</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kersh, G J" uniqKey="Kersh G">G. J. Kersh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, T M" uniqKey="Wolfe T">T. M. Wolfe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fitzpatrick, K A" uniqKey="Fitzpatrick K">K. A. Fitzpatrick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Candee, A J" uniqKey="Candee A">A. J. Candee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oliver, L D" uniqKey="Oliver L">L. D. Oliver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N E" uniqKey="Patterson N">N. E. Patterson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khan, I" uniqKey="Khan I">I. Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, S" uniqKey="Ali S">S. Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gwida, M" uniqKey="Gwida M">M. Gwida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elschner, M C" uniqKey="Elschner M">M. C. Elschner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ijaz, M" uniqKey="Ijaz M">M. Ijaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anjum, A A" uniqKey="Anjum A">A. A. Anjum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khan, I" uniqKey="Khan I">I. Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wieler, L H" uniqKey="Wieler L">L. H. Wieler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melzer, F" uniqKey="Melzer F">F. Melzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elschner, M C" uniqKey="Elschner M">M. C. Elschner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muhammad, G" uniqKey="Muhammad G">G. Muhammad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, S" uniqKey="Ali S">S. Ali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koehler, T M" uniqKey="Koehler T">T. M. Koehler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindgren, H" uniqKey="Lindgren H">H. Lindgren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Honn, M" uniqKey="Honn M">M. Honn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golovlev, I" uniqKey="Golovlev I">I. Golovlev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kadzhaev, K" uniqKey="Kadzhaev K">K. Kadzhaev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conlan, W" uniqKey="Conlan W">W. Conlan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sjostedt, A" uniqKey="Sjostedt A">A. Sjöstedt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Magistad, O C" uniqKey="Magistad O">O. C. Magistad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reitemeier, R F" uniqKey="Reitemeier R">R. F. Reitemeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilcox, U S" uniqKey="Wilcox U">U. S. Wilcox</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckeague, J A" uniqKey="Mckeague J">J. A. McKeague</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mclean, E O" uniqKey="Mclean E">E. O. McLean</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nelson, D W" uniqKey="Nelson D">D. W. Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sommers, L E" uniqKey="Sommers L">L. E. Sommers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olsufiev, N G" uniqKey="Olsufiev N">N. G. Olsufiev</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oyston, C F" uniqKey="Oyston C">C. F. Oyston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, R D" uniqKey="Perry R">R. D. Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fetherston, J D" uniqKey="Fetherston J">J. D. Fetherston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robert, G P" uniqKey="Robert G">G. P. Robert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frederick, R T" uniqKey="Frederick R">R. T. Frederick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rogul, M" uniqKey="Rogul M">M. Rogul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brendle, J J" uniqKey="Brendle J">J. J. Brendle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haapala, D K" uniqKey="Haapala D">D. K. Haapala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, A D" uniqKey="Alexander A">A. D. Alexander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schulz, J" uniqKey="Schulz J">J. Schulz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rungem, M" uniqKey="Rungem M">M. Rungem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, C" uniqKey="Schroder C">C. Schroder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ganter, M" uniqKey="Ganter M">M. Ganter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartung, J" uniqKey="Hartung J">J. Hartung</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shen, Y" uniqKey="Shen Y">Y. Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Y S" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y. S. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soelaiman, S" uniqKey="Soelaiman S">S. Soelaiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergson, P" uniqKey="Bergson P">P. Bergson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, D" uniqKey="Lu D">D. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, A" uniqKey="Chen A">A. Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sjostedt, A" uniqKey="Sjostedt A">A. Sjöstedt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soltanpour, P N" uniqKey="Soltanpour P">P. N. Soltanpour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwab, A P" uniqKey="Schwab A">A. P. Schwab</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tozer, S J" uniqKey="Tozer S">S. J. Tozer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, S B" uniqKey="Lambert S">S. B. Lambert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strong, C L" uniqKey="Strong C">C. L. Strong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Field, H E" uniqKey="Field H">H. E. Field</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sloots, T P" uniqKey="Sloots T">T. P. Sloots</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nissen, M D" uniqKey="Nissen M">M. D. Nissen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ulu Kilic, A" uniqKey="Ulu Kilic A">A. Ulu-Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doganay, M" uniqKey="Doganay M">M. Doganay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vanderburg, S" uniqKey="Vanderburg S">S. Vanderburg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubach, M P" uniqKey="Rubach M">M. P. Rubach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halliday, J E B" uniqKey="Halliday J">J. E. B. Halliday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S. Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reddy, E A" uniqKey="Reddy E">E. A. Reddy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crump, J A" uniqKey="Crump J">J. A. Crump</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Microbiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Microbiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Microbiol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Microbiology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26441860</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4564694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2015.00917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Public Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shabbir</surname><given-names>Muhammad Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/240093/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jamil</surname><given-names>Tariq</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/240035/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>Asad A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>Arfan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naeem</surname><given-names>Muhammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/240156/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chaudhary</surname><given-names>Muhammad H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bilal</surname><given-names>Muhammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>Muhammad A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/248716/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muhammad</surname><given-names>Khushi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yaqub</surname><given-names>Tahir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bano</surname><given-names>Asghari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mirza</surname><given-names>Ali I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/240573/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shabbir</surname><given-names>Muhammad A. B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McVey</surname><given-names>Walter R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/205433/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>Ketan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Francesconi</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jayarao</surname><given-names>Bhushan M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/209706/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rabbani</surname><given-names>Masood</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/268096/overview"></uri></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Quaid-i-Azam University</institution><country>Islamabad, Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup><institution>University of the Punjab</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup><institution>Government College University</institution><country>Lahore, Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup><institution>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University</institution><country>University Park, PA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>6</sup><institution>Naval Medical Research Unit</institution><country>Frederick, MA, USA</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Jeanne Marie Fair, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, USA</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Li Xu, Cornell University, USA; Chris Yeager, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA</p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Bhushan M. Jayarao, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA <email xlink:type="simple">bmj3@psu.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Infectious Diseases, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>917</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Shabbir, Jamil, Ali, Ahmad, Naeem, Chaudhary, Bilal, Ali, Muhammad, Yaqub, Bano, Mirza, Shabbir, McVey, Patel, Francesconi, Jayarao and Rabbani.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Shabbir, Jamil, Ali, Ahmad, Naeem, Chaudhary, Bilal, Ali, Muhammad, Yaqub, Bano, Mirza, Shabbir, McVey, Patel, Francesconi, Jayarao and Rabbani</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>A multidisciplinary, collaborative project was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan and ascertain its Public Health Significance. Using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (<italic>n</italic> = 145) were collected from villages (<italic>n</italic> = 29, 5 samples/village) and examined for <italic>Bacillus anthracis, Burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis</italic>, and <italic>Yersinia pestis</italic> using real time PCR assays. Chemical analysis of soil samples was also performed on these samples. The relationship between soil composition and absence or presence of the pathogen, and seven risk factors was evaluated. DNA of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> (CapB), <italic>B. mallei/pseudomallei</italic> (chromosomal gene)<italic>, C. burnetii</italic> (IS1111, transposase gene), and <italic>F. tularensis</italic> (lipoprotein/outer membrane protein) was detected in 9.6, 1.4, 4.8, and 13.1% of soil samples, respectively. None of the samples were positive for protective antigen plasmid (PA) of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> and <italic>Y. pestis</italic> (plasminogen activating factor, pPla gene). The prevalence of <italic>B. anthracis</italic> (CapB) was found to be associated with organic matter, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), sodium (Na), ferrous (Fe), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Phosphorous (P) was found to be associated with prevalence of <italic>F. tularensis</italic> while it were Mg, Co, Na, Fe, Ca, and K for <italic>C. burnetii</italic>. The odds of detecting DNA of <italic>F. tularensis</italic> were 2.7, 4.1, and 2.7 higher when soil sample sites were >1 km from animal markets, >500 m from vehicular traffic roads and animal density of < 1000 animals, respectively. While the odds of detecting DNA of <italic>C. burnetii</italic> was 32, 11.8, and 5.9 higher when soil sample sites were >500 m from vehicular traffic roads, presence of ground cover and animal density of < 1000 animals, respectively. In conclusion, the distribution pattern of the soil-borne pathogens in and around the areas of Lahore district puts both human and animal populations at a high risk of exposure. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic nature and molecular diversity of prevailing pathogens together with their seroconversion in animals and humans.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Bacillus anthracis</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Francisella tularensis</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Coxiella burnetii</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Yersinia pestis</italic></kwd><kwd>soil chemistry</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source id="cn001">Defense Threat Reduction Agency, USA<named-content content-type="fundref-id">10.13039/100000774</named-content></funding-source><award-id rid="cn001">HDTRA1-10-1-0080</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count><table-count count="5"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="40"></ref-count><page-count count="9"></page-count><word-count count="6784"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Pakistan</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="Pakistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad Z" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad Z." last="Shabbir">Muhammad Z. Shabbir</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ahmad, Arfan" sort="Ahmad, Arfan" uniqKey="Ahmad A" first="Arfan" last="Ahmad">Arfan Ahmad</name><name sortKey="Ali, Asad A" sort="Ali, Asad A" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Asad A." last="Ali">Asad A. Ali</name><name sortKey="Ali, Muhammad A" sort="Ali, Muhammad A" uniqKey="Ali M" first="Muhammad A." last="Ali">Muhammad A. Ali</name><name sortKey="Bano, Asghari" sort="Bano, Asghari" uniqKey="Bano A" first="Asghari" last="Bano">Asghari Bano</name><name sortKey="Bilal, Muhammad" sort="Bilal, Muhammad" uniqKey="Bilal M" first="Muhammad" last="Bilal">Muhammad Bilal</name><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" sort="Chaudhary, Muhammad H" uniqKey="Chaudhary M" first="Muhammad H." last="Chaudhary">Muhammad H. Chaudhary</name><name sortKey="Jamil, Tariq" sort="Jamil, Tariq" uniqKey="Jamil T" first="Tariq" last="Jamil">Tariq Jamil</name><name sortKey="Mirza, Ali I" sort="Mirza, Ali I" uniqKey="Mirza A" first="Ali I." last="Mirza">Ali I. Mirza</name><name sortKey="Muhammad, Khushi" sort="Muhammad, Khushi" uniqKey="Muhammad K" first="Khushi" last="Muhammad">Khushi Muhammad</name><name sortKey="Naeem, Muhammad" sort="Naeem, Muhammad" uniqKey="Naeem M" first="Muhammad" last="Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</name><name sortKey="Rabbani, Masood" sort="Rabbani, Masood" uniqKey="Rabbani M" first="Masood" last="Rabbani">Masood Rabbani</name><name sortKey="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" sort="Shabbir, Muhammad A B" uniqKey="Shabbir M" first="Muhammad A. B." last="Shabbir">Muhammad A. B. Shabbir</name><name sortKey="Yaqub, Tahir" sort="Yaqub, Tahir" uniqKey="Yaqub T" first="Tahir" last="Yaqub">Tahir Yaqub</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mcvey, Walter R" sort="Mcvey, Walter R" uniqKey="Mcvey W" first="Walter R." last="Mcvey">Walter R. Mcvey</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Francesconi, Stephen" sort="Francesconi, Stephen" uniqKey="Francesconi S" first="Stephen" last="Francesconi">Stephen Francesconi</name><name sortKey="Jayarao, Bhushan M" sort="Jayarao, Bhushan M" uniqKey="Jayarao B" first="Bhushan M." last="Jayarao">Bhushan M. Jayarao</name><name sortKey="Patel, Ketan" sort="Patel, Ketan" uniqKey="Patel K" first="Ketan" last="Patel">Ketan Patel</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000064 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000064 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4564694
|texte= Prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in Lahore district of Pakistan
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26441860" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CobaltMaghrebV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |