CobaltMaghrebV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000158

Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM2O4 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)

Identifieur interne : 000158 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000157; suivant : 000159

Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM2O4 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)

Auteurs : S. Saadi ; A. Bouguelia ; M. Trari

Source :

Renewable energy [ 0960-1481 ] ; 2006.

RBID : Pascal:06-0474176

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Hydrogène, Nitrate, Energie renouvelable, Production hydrogène, Photocatalyse, Spinelle, Semiconducteur type p, Etude expérimentale, Diffractométrie RX, Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde, Optimisation.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Copper Cobalt Oxides, Experimental study, Hydrogen, Hydrogen production, Nitrates, Optimization, Photocatalysis, Renewable energy, Spinel, X ray diffractometry, p type semiconductor.

Abstract

The photocatalytic ability of CuM₂O₄ (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H₂-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo₂O_4.016). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H₂O/H₂ potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H₂-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo₂O₄ prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO^2-₃ (3.6mlh^-1g^-1). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H₂ rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S^2-_n and S₂O^2-₆ compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 0960-1481`
A03		`1`		`@0 Renew. energy`
A05				`@2 31`
A06				`@2 14`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM₂O₄ (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 SAADI (S.)`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 BOUGUELIA (A.)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 TRARI (M.)`
A14	`01`			`@1 Laboratoire de Stockage et de Valorisation des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B BP 32 @2 16111 Algiers @3 DZA @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. @Z 3 aut.`
A20				`@1 2245-2256`
A21				`@1 2006`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 20690 @5 354000133541300030`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 27 ref.`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 06-0474176`
A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Renewable energy`
A66	`01`			`@0 GBR`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 The photocatalytic ability of CuM₂O₄ (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H₂-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo₂O_4.016). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H₂O/H₂ potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H₂-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo₂O₄ prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO^2-₃ (3.6mlh^-1g^-1). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H₂ rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S^2-_n and S₂O^2-₆ compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.
C02	`01`	`X`		`@0 001D06B06B`
C02	`02`	`X`		`@0 230`
C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hydrogène @2 NC @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydrogen @2 NC @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hidrógeno @2 NC @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Nitrate @2 NA @2 FX @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Nitrates @2 NA @2 FX @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Nitrato @2 NA @2 FX @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Energie renouvelable @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Renewable energy @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Energía renovable @5 03`
C03	`04`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Production hydrogène @5 05`
C03	`04`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydrogen production @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Photocatalyse @5 06`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Photocatalysis @5 06`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Fotocatálisis @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Spinelle @5 07`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Spinel @5 07`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Espinela @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Semiconducteur type p @5 08`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 p type semiconductor @5 08 @6 «p» type semiconductor`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Semiconductor tipo p @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Etude expérimentale @5 09`
C03	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Experimental study @5 09`
C03	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Estudio experimental @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Diffractométrie RX @5 10`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 X ray diffractometry @5 10`
C03	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Difractometría RX @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde @2 NC @2 NA @5 11`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Copper Cobalt Oxides @2 NC @2 NA @5 11`
C03	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Cobre Cobalto Óxido @2 NC @2 NA @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Optimisation @5 12`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Optimization @5 12`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Optimización @5 12`
N21				`@1 310`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 06-0474176 INIST
ET :	Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM₂O₄ (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)
AU :	SAADI (S.); BOUGUELIA (A.); TRARI (M.)
AF :	Laboratoire de Stockage et de Valorisation des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B BP 32/16111 Algiers/Algérie (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Renewable energy; ISSN 0960-1481; Royaume-Uni; Da. 2006; Vol. 31; No. 14; Pp. 2245-2256; Bibl. 27 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	The photocatalytic ability of CuM₂O₄ (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H₂-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo₂O_4.016). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H₂O/H₂ potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H₂-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo₂O₄ prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO^2-₃ (3.6mlh^-1g^-1). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H₂ rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S^2-_n and S₂O^2-₆ compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.
CC :	001D06B06B; 230
FD :	Hydrogène; Nitrate; Energie renouvelable; Production hydrogène; Photocatalyse; Spinelle; Semiconducteur type p; Etude expérimentale; Diffractométrie RX; Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde; Optimisation
ED :	Hydrogen; Nitrates; Renewable energy; Hydrogen production; Photocatalysis; Spinel; p type semiconductor; Experimental study; X ray diffractometry; Copper Cobalt Oxides; Optimization
SD :	Hidrógeno; Nitrato; Energía renovable; Fotocatálisis; Espinela; Semiconductor tipo p; Estudio experimental; Difractometría RX; Cobre Cobalto Óxido; Optimización
LO :	INIST-20690.354000133541300030
ID :	06-0474176

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:06-0474176

Le document en format XML

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O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Saadi, S" sort="Saadi, S" uniqKey="Saadi S" first="S." last="Saadi">S. Saadi</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Saadi, S" sort="Saadi, S" uniqKey="Saadi S" first="S." last="Saadi">S. Saadi</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire de Stockage et de Valorisation des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B BP 32</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Trari, M" sort="Trari, M" uniqKey="Trari M" first="M." last="Trari">M. Trari</name>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">Renewable energy</title>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Copper Cobalt Oxides</term>
<term>Experimental study</term>
<term>Hydrogen</term>
<term>Hydrogen production</term>
<term>Nitrates</term>
<term>Optimization</term>
<term>Photocatalysis</term>
<term>Renewable energy</term>
<term>Spinel</term>
<term>X ray diffractometry</term>
<term>p type semiconductor</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydrogène</term>
<term>Nitrate</term>
<term>Energie renouvelable</term>
<term>Production hydrogène</term>
<term>Photocatalyse</term>
<term>Spinelle</term>
<term>Semiconducteur type p</term>
<term>Etude expérimentale</term>
<term>Diffractométrie RX</term>
<term>Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde</term>
<term>Optimisation</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The photocatalytic ability of CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H<sub>2</sub>
-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4.016</sub>
). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H<sub>2</sub>
O/H<sub>2</sub>
 potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H<sub>2</sub>
-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>3</sub>
 (3.6mlh<sup>-1</sup>
g<sup>-1</sup>
). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H<sub>2</sub>
 rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>n</sub>
 and S<sub>2</sub>
O<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>6</sub>
 compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.</div>
</front>
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<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SAADI (S.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>BOUGUELIA (A.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>TRARI (M.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire de Stockage et de Valorisation des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B BP 32</s1>
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<fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The photocatalytic ability of CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H<sub>2</sub>
-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4.016</sub>
). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H<sub>2</sub>
O/H<sub>2</sub>
 potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H<sub>2</sub>
-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>3</sub>
 (3.6mlh<sup>-1</sup>
g<sup>-1</sup>
). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H<sub>2</sub>
 rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>n</sub>
 and S<sub>2</sub>
O<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>6</sub>
 compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.</s0>
</fC01>
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</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>230</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrogène</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrogen</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hidrógeno</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nitrate</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitrates</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nitrato</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Energie renouvelable</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Renewable energy</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Energía renovable</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Production hydrogène</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrogen production</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
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<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Photocatalyse</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
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<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Photocatalysis</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fotocatálisis</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
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<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Spinelle</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
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<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Spinel</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
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<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Espinela</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Semiconducteur type p</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>p type semiconductor</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
<s6>«p» type semiconductor</s6>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Semiconductor tipo p</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Etude expérimentale</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Experimental study</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estudio experimental</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Diffractométrie RX</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>X ray diffractometry</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Difractometría RX</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Copper Cobalt Oxides</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cobre Cobalto Óxido</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Optimisation</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Optimization</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Optimización</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fN21><s1>310</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 06-0474176 INIST</NO>
<ET>Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)</ET>
<AU>SAADI (S.); BOUGUELIA (A.); TRARI (M.)</AU>
<AF>Laboratoire de Stockage et de Valorisation des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.T.H.B BP 32/16111 Algiers/Algérie (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Renewable energy; ISSN 0960-1481; Royaume-Uni; Da. 2006; Vol. 31; No. 14; Pp. 2245-2256; Bibl. 27 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>The photocatalytic ability of CuM<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) crystallizing with spinel-type structure has been evaluated according to the H<sub>2</sub>
-evolution. The oxides are black and displayed a semiconducting behavior where the electronic balance comes from a small over stochiometry (CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4.016</sub>
). Electron hopping occurs between similar sites in normal spinel with a low activation energy whereas larger energies were found in inverse spinel. The electrodes were characterized photoelectrochemically and acquired the characteristic of p-type semiconductors. The conduction band edge, determined from intensity-potential curves, is located below the H<sub>2</sub>
O/H<sub>2</sub>
 potential leading to a thermodynamically favorable H<sub>2</sub>
-liberation under visible light. The photoactivity was dependent on preparative conditions and the best results were obtained over CuCo<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
 prepared through nitrate route in presence of SO<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>3</sub>
 (3.6mlh<sup>-1</sup>
g<sup>-1</sup>
). Improved photoactivity may be interpreted in terms of flat band potential and electronegativity. The presence of cobalt contributes to increase the electron affinity, a desirable property for p-type specimen. It has been observed that the amount of evolved H<sub>2</sub>
 rose using stronger reductors by increasing the band bending. The initial performance of catalyst was almost restored using a fresh reactant solution. With time, the water reduction slowed down because the end products S<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>n</sub>
 and S<sub>2</sub>
O<sup>2-</sup>
<sub>6</sub>
 compete with the adsorbed water for the photoelectrons.</EA>
<CC>001D06B06B; 230</CC>
<FD>Hydrogène; Nitrate; Energie renouvelable; Production hydrogène; Photocatalyse; Spinelle; Semiconducteur type p; Etude expérimentale; Diffractométrie RX; Cuivre Cobalt Oxyde; Optimisation</FD>
<ED>Hydrogen; Nitrates; Renewable energy; Hydrogen production; Photocatalysis; Spinel; p type semiconductor; Experimental study; X ray diffractometry; Copper Cobalt Oxides; Optimization</ED>
<SD>Hidrógeno; Nitrato; Energía renovable; Fotocatálisis; Espinela; Semiconductor tipo p; Estudio experimental; Difractometría RX; Cobre Cobalto Óxido; Optimización</SD>
<LO>INIST-20690.354000133541300030</LO>
<ID>06-0474176</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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	Serveur d'exploration sur le cobalt au Maghreb
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Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM2O4 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)

Photoassisted hydrogen evolution over spinel CuM2O4 (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co)

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