Lead Tolerance and Accumulation in Hirschfeldia incana, a Mediterranean Brassicaceae from Metalliferous Mine Spoils
Identifieur interne : 000251 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000250; suivant : 000252Lead Tolerance and Accumulation in Hirschfeldia incana, a Mediterranean Brassicaceae from Metalliferous Mine Spoils
Auteurs : Florence Auguy [France, Maroc] ; Mouna Fahr [Maroc] ; Patricia Moulin [Maroc] ; Anaïs Brugel [France] ; Laurent Laplaze [France, Sénégal] ; Mohamed El Mzibri [Maroc] ; Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf [Maroc] ; Patrick Doumas [France, Maroc] ; Abdelaziz Smouni [Maroc]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal of particular concern with respect to environmental quality and health. The lack of plant species that accumulate and tolerate Pb is a limiting factor to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance. In this study we identified
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061932
PubMed: 23667449
PubMed Central: 3646990
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Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fahr, Mouna" sort="Fahr, Mouna" uniqKey="Fahr M" first="Mouna" last="Fahr">Mouna Fahr</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moulin, Patricia" sort="Moulin, Patricia" uniqKey="Moulin P" first="Patricia" last="Moulin">Patricia Moulin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - 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Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" sort="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" uniqKey="Filali Maltouf A" first="Abdelkarim" last="Filali-Maltouf">Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doumas, Patrick" sort="Doumas, Patrick" uniqKey="Doumas P" first="Patrick" last="Doumas">Patrick Doumas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smouni, Abdelaziz" sort="Smouni, Abdelaziz" uniqKey="Smouni A" first="Abdelaziz" last="Smouni">Abdelaziz Smouni</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Lead is a heavy metal of particular concern with respect to environmental quality and health. The lack of plant species that accumulate and tolerate Pb is a limiting factor to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance. In this study we identified <italic>Hirschfeldia incana</italic>, a <italic>Brassicaceae</italic> collected from metalliferous mine spoils in Morocco, as a Pb accumulator plant. <italic>H. incana</italic> exhibited high Pb accumulation in mine soils and in hydroponic cultures. Major Pb accumulation occurred in the roots and a part of Pb translocated from the roots to the shoots, even to the siliques. These findings demonstrated that <italic>H. incana</italic> is a Pb accumulator species. The expression of several candidate genes after Pb-exposure was measured by quantitative PCR and two of them, <italic>HiHMA4</italic> and <italic>HiMT2a</italic>, coding respectively for a P1B-type ATPase and a metallothionein, were particularly induced by Pb-exposure in both roots and leaves. The functional characterization of <italic>HiHMA4</italic> and <italic>HiMT2a</italic> was achieved using Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants. Pb content and primary root growth analysis confirmed the role of these two genes in Pb tolerance and accumulation. <italic>H. incana</italic> could be considered as a good experimental model to identify genes involved in lead tolerance and accumulation in plants.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, M" uniqKey="Lee M">M Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, K" uniqKey="Lee K">K Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, J" uniqKey="Lee J">J Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noh, Ew" uniqKey="Noh E">EW Noh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Y" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharma, P" uniqKey="Sharma P">P Sharma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubey, Rs" uniqKey="Dubey R">RS Dubey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Nevel, L" uniqKey="Van Nevel L">L Van 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uniqKey="Jin S">S Jin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Y" uniqKey="Cheng Y">Y Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Q" uniqKey="Guan Q">Q Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, D" uniqKey="Liu D">D Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takano, T" uniqKey="Takano T">T Takano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, Gy" uniqKey="Huang G">GY Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ys" uniqKey="Wang Y">YS Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ma, M" uniqKey="Ma M">M Ma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Ps" uniqKey="Lau P">PS Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, Yt" uniqKey="Jia Y">YT Jia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Wk" uniqKey="Tsang W">WK Tsang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Sks" uniqKey="Lam S">SKS Lam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, W" uniqKey="Zhu W">W Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, D X" uniqKey="Zhao D">D-X Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miao, Q" uniqKey="Miao Q">Q Miao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, T T" uniqKey="Xue T">T-T Xue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X Z" uniqKey="Li X">X-Z Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23667449</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3646990</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-26586</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0061932</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Agriculture</subject><subj-group><subject>Agricultural Production</subject><subj-group><subject>Environmental Impacts</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Computational Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Molecular Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Gene Identification and Analysis</subject><subject>Gene Regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Developmental Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Growth and Development</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant-Environment Interactions</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Plant Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Biotechnology</subject><subj-group><subject>Plant Genomics</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Plant Biochemistry</subject><subject>Plant Physiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Lead Tolerance and Accumulation in <italic>Hirschfeldia incana,</italic> a Mediterranean <italic>Brassicaceae</italic> from Metalliferous Mine Spoils</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Lead Tolerance and Accumulation in <italic>H. incana</italic></alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Auguy</surname><given-names>Florence</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fahr</surname><given-names>Mouna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moulin</surname><given-names>Patricia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brugel</surname><given-names>Anaïs</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laplaze</surname><given-names>Laurent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mzibri</surname><given-names>Mohamed El</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Filali-Maltouf</surname><given-names>Abdelkarim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Doumas</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smouni</surname><given-names>Abdelaziz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Service Instrumentation, Moyens Analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Dakar, Sénégal</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><addr-line>Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><addr-line>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Rahman</surname><given-names>Abidur</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Iwate University, Japan</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>patrick.doumas@supagro.inra.fr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: AS FA PD LL. Performed the experiments: AB FA MF PM. Analyzed the data: AS FA PD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MEM AFM. Wrote the paper: AS FA PD LL.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>e61932</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Auguy et al</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Lead is a heavy metal of particular concern with respect to environmental quality and health. The lack of plant species that accumulate and tolerate Pb is a limiting factor to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance. In this study we identified <italic>Hirschfeldia incana</italic>, a <italic>Brassicaceae</italic> collected from metalliferous mine spoils in Morocco, as a Pb accumulator plant. <italic>H. incana</italic> exhibited high Pb accumulation in mine soils and in hydroponic cultures. Major Pb accumulation occurred in the roots and a part of Pb translocated from the roots to the shoots, even to the siliques. These findings demonstrated that <italic>H. incana</italic> is a Pb accumulator species. The expression of several candidate genes after Pb-exposure was measured by quantitative PCR and two of them, <italic>HiHMA4</italic> and <italic>HiMT2a</italic>, coding respectively for a P1B-type ATPase and a metallothionein, were particularly induced by Pb-exposure in both roots and leaves. The functional characterization of <italic>HiHMA4</italic> and <italic>HiMT2a</italic> was achieved using Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants. Pb content and primary root growth analysis confirmed the role of these two genes in Pb tolerance and accumulation. <italic>H. incana</italic> could be considered as a good experimental model to identify genes involved in lead tolerance and accumulation in plants.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This research was supported by grants from the International Joint Laboratory “Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et Végétale”, Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Université Mohamed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco. Abdelaziz Smouni gratefully acknowledges the support from IRD through a BESCD grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Sénégal</li></country><region><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li></region><settlement><li>Montpellier</li><li>Rabat</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Auguy, Florence" sort="Auguy, Florence" uniqKey="Auguy F" first="Florence" last="Auguy">Florence Auguy</name></region><name sortKey="Brugel, Anais" sort="Brugel, Anais" uniqKey="Brugel A" first="Anaïs" last="Brugel">Anaïs Brugel</name><name sortKey="Doumas, Patrick" sort="Doumas, Patrick" uniqKey="Doumas P" first="Patrick" last="Doumas">Patrick Doumas</name><name sortKey="Doumas, Patrick" sort="Doumas, Patrick" uniqKey="Doumas P" first="Patrick" last="Doumas">Patrick Doumas</name><name sortKey="Laplaze, Laurent" sort="Laplaze, Laurent" uniqKey="Laplaze L" first="Laurent" last="Laplaze">Laurent Laplaze</name></country><country name="Maroc"><region name="Rabat-Salé-Kénitra"><name sortKey="Auguy, Florence" sort="Auguy, Florence" uniqKey="Auguy F" first="Florence" last="Auguy">Florence Auguy</name></region><name sortKey="Auguy, Florence" sort="Auguy, Florence" uniqKey="Auguy F" first="Florence" last="Auguy">Florence Auguy</name><name sortKey="Doumas, Patrick" sort="Doumas, Patrick" uniqKey="Doumas P" first="Patrick" last="Doumas">Patrick Doumas</name><name sortKey="Doumas, Patrick" sort="Doumas, Patrick" uniqKey="Doumas P" first="Patrick" last="Doumas">Patrick Doumas</name><name sortKey="Fahr, Mouna" sort="Fahr, Mouna" uniqKey="Fahr M" first="Mouna" last="Fahr">Mouna Fahr</name><name sortKey="Fahr, Mouna" sort="Fahr, Mouna" uniqKey="Fahr M" first="Mouna" last="Fahr">Mouna Fahr</name><name sortKey="Fahr, Mouna" sort="Fahr, Mouna" uniqKey="Fahr M" first="Mouna" last="Fahr">Mouna Fahr</name><name sortKey="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" sort="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" uniqKey="Filali Maltouf A" first="Abdelkarim" last="Filali-Maltouf">Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf</name><name sortKey="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" sort="Filali Maltouf, Abdelkarim" uniqKey="Filali Maltouf A" first="Abdelkarim" last="Filali-Maltouf">Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf</name><name sortKey="Moulin, Patricia" sort="Moulin, Patricia" uniqKey="Moulin P" first="Patricia" last="Moulin">Patricia Moulin</name><name sortKey="Moulin, Patricia" sort="Moulin, Patricia" uniqKey="Moulin P" first="Patricia" last="Moulin">Patricia Moulin</name><name sortKey="Mzibri, Mohamed El" sort="Mzibri, Mohamed El" uniqKey="Mzibri M" first="Mohamed El" last="Mzibri">Mohamed El Mzibri</name><name sortKey="Mzibri, Mohamed El" sort="Mzibri, Mohamed El" uniqKey="Mzibri M" first="Mohamed El" last="Mzibri">Mohamed El Mzibri</name><name sortKey="Smouni, Abdelaziz" sort="Smouni, Abdelaziz" uniqKey="Smouni A" first="Abdelaziz" last="Smouni">Abdelaziz Smouni</name><name sortKey="Smouni, Abdelaziz" sort="Smouni, Abdelaziz" uniqKey="Smouni A" first="Abdelaziz" last="Smouni">Abdelaziz Smouni</name></country><country name="Sénégal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Laplaze, Laurent" sort="Laplaze, Laurent" uniqKey="Laplaze L" first="Laurent" last="Laplaze">Laurent Laplaze</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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