Contribution to the Study of the Relation between Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Iron-Based FeCoC Ternary Alloys
Identifieur interne : 000197 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000196; suivant : 000198Contribution to the Study of the Relation between Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Iron-Based FeCoC Ternary Alloys
Auteurs : Farida Benhalla-Haddad [Algérie] ; Sif Eddine Amara [Algérie] ; Abdelkader Benchettara [Algérie] ; Kamel Taibi [Algérie] ; Rafika Kesri [Algérie]Source :
- Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry [ 2090-8865 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
This work deals with the relation between microstructure and electrochemical behavior of four iron-based FeCoC ternary alloys. First, the arc-melted studied alloys were characterized using differential thermal analyses and scanning electron microscopy. The established solidification sequences of these alloys show the presence of two primary crystallization phases (
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DOI: 10.1155/2012/798043
PubMed: 22448342
PubMed Central: 3303192
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Contribution to the Study of the Relation between Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Iron-Based FeCoC Ternary Alloys</title><author><name sortKey="Benhalla Haddad, Farida" sort="Benhalla Haddad, Farida" uniqKey="Benhalla Haddad F" first="Farida" last="Benhalla-Haddad">Farida Benhalla-Haddad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. 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Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amara, Sif Eddine" sort="Amara, Sif Eddine" uniqKey="Amara S" first="Sif Eddine" last="Amara">Sif Eddine Amara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benchettara, Abdelkader" sort="Benchettara, Abdelkader" uniqKey="Benchettara A" first="Abdelkader" last="Benchettara">Abdelkader Benchettara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taibi, Kamel" sort="Taibi, Kamel" uniqKey="Taibi K" first="Kamel" last="Taibi">Kamel Taibi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Laboratory of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kesri, Rafika" sort="Kesri, Rafika" uniqKey="Kesri R" first="Rafika" last="Kesri">Rafika Kesri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-8865</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-8873</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This work deals with the relation between microstructure and electrochemical behavior of four iron-based FeCoC ternary alloys. First, the arc-melted studied alloys were characterized using differential thermal analyses and scanning electron microscopy. The established solidification sequences of these alloys show the presence of two primary crystallization phases (<italic>δ</italic>(Fe) and graphite) as well as two univariante lines : peritectic L + <italic>δ</italic>(Fe)↔<italic>γ</italic>(Fe) and eutectic L↔<italic>γ</italic>(Fe) + C<sub>graphite</sub>. The ternary alloys were thereafter studied in nondeaerated solution of 10<sup>−3</sup> M NaHCO3 + 10<sup>−3</sup> M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, at 25°C, by means of the potentiodynamic technique. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the FeCoC alloys depends on the carbon amount and the morphology of the phases present in the studied alloys.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haddad, F" uniqKey="Haddad F">F Haddad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amara, Se" uniqKey="Amara S">SE Amara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kesri, R" uniqKey="Kesri R">R Kesri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, M" uniqKey="Hawkins M">M Hawkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marie, Jl" uniqKey="Marie J">JL MARIÉ</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chengyun, C" uniqKey="Chengyun C">C Chengyun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zuoxing, G" uniqKey="Zuoxing G">G Zuoxing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuhua, L" uniqKey="Yuhua L">L Yuhua</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cleary, Hj" uniqKey="Cleary H">HJ Cleary</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greene, Nd" uniqKey="Greene N">ND Greene</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdul Azim, Aa" uniqKey="Abdul Azim A">AA Abdul Azim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anwar, Mm" uniqKey="Anwar M">MM Anwar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanad, Sh" uniqKey="Sanad S">SH Sanad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cleary, Hj" uniqKey="Cleary H">HJ Cleary</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greene, Nd" uniqKey="Greene N">ND Greene</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tomlinson, Wj" uniqKey="Tomlinson W">WJ Tomlinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giles, K" uniqKey="Giles K">K Giles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shreir, Ll" uniqKey="Shreir L">LL Shreir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jarman, Ra" uniqKey="Jarman R">RA Jarman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burstein, Gt" uniqKey="Burstein G">GT Burstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Anal Methods Chem</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAMC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-8865</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-8873</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22448342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3303192</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/798043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Contribution to the Study of the Relation between Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Iron-Based FeCoC Ternary Alloys</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benhalla-Haddad</surname><given-names>Farida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amara</surname><given-names>Sif Eddine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benchettara</surname><given-names>Abdelkader</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taibi</surname><given-names>Kamel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kesri</surname><given-names>Rafika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Laboratory of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Farida Benhalla-Haddad: <email>haddad.farida@gmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Christophe A. Marquette</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>798043</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Farida Benhalla-Haddad et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>This work deals with the relation between microstructure and electrochemical behavior of four iron-based FeCoC ternary alloys. First, the arc-melted studied alloys were characterized using differential thermal analyses and scanning electron microscopy. The established solidification sequences of these alloys show the presence of two primary crystallization phases (<italic>δ</italic>(Fe) and graphite) as well as two univariante lines : peritectic L + <italic>δ</italic>(Fe)↔<italic>γ</italic>(Fe) and eutectic L↔<italic>γ</italic>(Fe) + C<sub>graphite</sub>. The ternary alloys were thereafter studied in nondeaerated solution of 10<sup>−3</sup> M NaHCO3 + 10<sup>−3</sup> M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, at 25°C, by means of the potentiodynamic technique. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the FeCoC alloys depends on the carbon amount and the morphology of the phases present in the studied alloys.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Liquidus surface projection of the Fe-Co-C system in the iron-rich corner (metastable system) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">1</xref>] showing the studied alloys (encircled).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Potentiodynamic polarisation curves of Co2, Co3, Co6, and Co8 alloys in nondeaerated solution NaHCO<sub>3</sub> 10<sup>−3</sup> M + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 10<sup>−3</sup> M, at 25°C.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Optical micrograph (×200) showing the matrix (1) and pearlite (2).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Co8 optical micrograph (×200) showing the matrix (1) and pearlite (2).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Co2 electron micrograph showing graphite (1) and <italic>γ</italic>Fe/C eutectic (2).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Co3 electron micrograph showing graphite (1) and <italic>γ</italic>Fe/C eutectic (2).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAMC2012-798043.006"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Compositions, transformation temperatures, and solidification sequences of FeCoC studied alloys. (*Temperature not detected by our differential thermal analysis apparatus limited to temperature lower than 1550°C).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"> Alloy</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Compositions (wt. %)</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Temperatures/(°C)</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Solidification sequences</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fe</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Co2</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">90.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔</italic> C<sub>graphite</sub></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1163</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1150</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe) + C<sub>graphite</sub></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">753</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pearlite</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Co3</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">89.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">6.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">4.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔</italic> C<sub>graphite</sub></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1170</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1153</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe) + C<sub>graphite</sub></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">763</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pearlite</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Co6</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">90.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">8.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1496</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔δ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1416</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L + <italic>δ</italic>(Fe) <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">830</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>γ</italic>(Fe) <italic>↔α</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">756</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pearlite</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Co8</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">89.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">10.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1477</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L <italic>↔δ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1463</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L + <italic>δ</italic>(Fe) <italic>↔γ</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">812</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>γ</italic>(Fe) <italic>↔α</italic>(Fe)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">772</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pearlite</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Electrochemical parameters of FeCoC ternary alloys corrosion (immersed in 10<sup>−3</sup> M NaHCO<sub>3</sub> + 10<sup>−3</sup> M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, at 25°C).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alloy</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>E</italic><sub>cor</sub>/(mV/ECS)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>i</italic><sub>cor</sub>/(<italic>μ</italic>A/cm<sup>2</sup>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>R</italic><sub><italic>p</italic></sub>/(kΩ·cm²)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic><sub><italic>a</italic></sub>/(mV/dec)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic><sub><italic>c</italic></sub>/(mV/dec)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−395</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">169</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−179</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−390</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−178</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−347</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−82</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−337</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−88</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Variation of <italic>i</italic><sub>cor</sub> according to the Fe/C ratio.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Alloy</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co8</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co6</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Co3</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>i</italic><sub>cor</sub> (<italic>μ</italic>A·cm<sup>−2</sup>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fe/C</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">186.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.64</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Algérie</li></country><region><li>Wilaya d'Alger</li></region><settlement><li>Alger</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Algérie"><region name="Wilaya d'Alger"><name sortKey="Benhalla Haddad, Farida" sort="Benhalla Haddad, Farida" uniqKey="Benhalla Haddad F" first="Farida" last="Benhalla-Haddad">Farida Benhalla-Haddad</name></region><name sortKey="Amara, Sif Eddine" sort="Amara, Sif Eddine" uniqKey="Amara S" first="Sif Eddine" last="Amara">Sif Eddine Amara</name><name sortKey="Benchettara, Abdelkader" sort="Benchettara, Abdelkader" uniqKey="Benchettara A" first="Abdelkader" last="Benchettara">Abdelkader Benchettara</name><name sortKey="Kesri, Rafika" sort="Kesri, Rafika" uniqKey="Kesri R" first="Rafika" last="Kesri">Rafika Kesri</name><name sortKey="Taibi, Kamel" sort="Taibi, Kamel" uniqKey="Taibi K" first="Kamel" last="Taibi">Kamel 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