Smoking pattern among female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Auteurs : Manal R. Koura ; Ahlam F. Al-Dossary ; Ahmed A. BahnassySource :
- Journal of Family and Community Medicine [ 2230-8229 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Smoking is the most important avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. The estimated annual death rate of 4.9 million people in 1999 is expected to rise to 10 million by the 2020s and 2030s, 7 million of which will occur in developing countries.
The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and assess its pattern among non-medical female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1020 female students selected from the literature and science colleges by multi-stage stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected using a self-administered modified WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire.
Results revealed that occurrence of smoking among female college students was 8.6%. It was significantly higher among literature college students (12.1%) than among Science College students (3.4%). The mean age at which smoking started was 16 ± 2.4 years, with a minimum of 11 years. More than half of the students who smoked were cigarette smokers, while 43.2% were shisha smokers. There was a strong relationship between parents who smoked and daughters who smoked. The main motive for smoking was curiosity (44.3%), followed by relief of tension (26.1%).
It may be concluded that smoking is increasing among female college students in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, it is recommended that a preventive comprehensive health education program on smoking be initiated for females in middle schools, that stricter tobacco control measures be adopted by the government, and that anti-smoking clinics be established in colleges.
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DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.83370
PubMed: 21897913
PubMed Central: 3159230
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Smoking pattern among female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia</title><author><name sortKey="Koura, Manal R" sort="Koura, Manal R" uniqKey="Koura M" first="Manal R." last="Koura">Manal R. Koura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" sort="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" uniqKey="Al Dossary A" first="Ahlam F." last="Al-Dossary">Ahlam F. Al-Dossary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" sort="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" uniqKey="Bahnassy A" first="Ahmed A." last="Bahnassy">Ahmed A. Bahnassy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21897913</idno><idno type="pmc">3159230</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159230</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3159230</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/2230-8229.83370</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000434</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000434</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000275</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000275</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000185</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Smoking pattern among female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia</title><author><name sortKey="Koura, Manal R" sort="Koura, Manal R" uniqKey="Koura M" first="Manal R." last="Koura">Manal R. Koura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" sort="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" uniqKey="Al Dossary A" first="Ahlam F." last="Al-Dossary">Ahlam F. Al-Dossary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" sort="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" uniqKey="Bahnassy A" first="Ahmed A." last="Bahnassy">Ahmed A. Bahnassy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Family and Community Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">2230-8229</idno><idno type="eISSN">2229-340X</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Background:</title><p>Smoking is the most important avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. The estimated annual death rate of 4.9 million people in 1999 is expected to rise to 10 million by the 2020s and 2030s, 7 million of which will occur in developing countries.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Aim:</title><p>The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and assess its pattern among non-medical female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1020 female students selected from the literature and science colleges by multi-stage stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected using a self-administered modified WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Results:</title><p>Results revealed that occurrence of smoking among female college students was 8.6%. It was significantly higher among literature college students (12.1%) than among Science College students (3.4%). The mean age at which smoking started was 16 ± 2.4 years, with a minimum of 11 years. More than half of the students who smoked were cigarette smokers, while 43.2% were shisha smokers. There was a strong relationship between parents who smoked and daughters who smoked. The main motive for smoking was curiosity (44.3%), followed by relief of tension (26.1%).</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Conclusions:</title><p>It may be concluded that smoking is increasing among female college students in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, it is recommended that a preventive comprehensive health education program on smoking be initiated for females in middle schools, that stricter tobacco control measures be adopted by the government, and that anti-smoking clinics be established in colleges.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Last, J" uniqKey="Last J">J Last</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Novotny, Te" uniqKey="Novotny T">TE Novotny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giovino, Ga" uniqKey="Giovino G">GA Giovino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mandil, As" uniqKey="Mandil A">AS Mandil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bahnassy, Aa" uniqKey="Bahnassy A">AA Bahnassy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aboul Azm, Sm" uniqKey="Aboul Azm S">SM Aboul-Azm</name></author><author><name 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Perfetti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maziak, W" uniqKey="Maziak W">W Maziak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouad, Mf" uniqKey="Fouad M">MF Fouad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hammal, F" uniqKey="Hammal F">F Hammal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaaya, M" uniqKey="Chaaya M">M Chaaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Roueiheb, Z" uniqKey="El Roueiheb Z">Z El Roueiheb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chemaitelly, H" uniqKey="Chemaitelly H">H Chemaitelly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Js" uniqKey="Yadav J">JS Yadav</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thakur, S" uniqKey="Thakur S">S Thakur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salem, Es" uniqKey="Salem E">ES Salem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sami, A" uniqKey="Sami A">A Sami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Family Community Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JFCM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Family and Community Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2230-8229</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2229-340X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21897913</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3159230</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JFCM-18-63</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/2230-8229.83370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Smoking pattern among female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koura</surname><given-names>Manal R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Dossary</surname><given-names>Ahlam F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bahnassy</surname><given-names>Ahmed A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><italic>Family and Community Medicine Department, Medical College, University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Manal R. Koura, Family and Community Medicine Department, Zamil village, unit B3-6, PO Box 899, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: <email xlink:href="manal57@link.net">manal57@link.net</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>May-Aug</season><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© Journal of Family and Community Medicine</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Background:</title><p>Smoking is the most important avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. The estimated annual death rate of 4.9 million people in 1999 is expected to rise to 10 million by the 2020s and 2030s, 7 million of which will occur in developing countries.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Aim:</title><p>The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and assess its pattern among non-medical female college students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Materials and Methods:</title><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1020 female students selected from the literature and science colleges by multi-stage stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected using a self-administered modified WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Results:</title><p>Results revealed that occurrence of smoking among female college students was 8.6%. It was significantly higher among literature college students (12.1%) than among Science College students (3.4%). The mean age at which smoking started was 16 ± 2.4 years, with a minimum of 11 years. More than half of the students who smoked were cigarette smokers, while 43.2% were shisha smokers. There was a strong relationship between parents who smoked and daughters who smoked. The main motive for smoking was curiosity (44.3%), followed by relief of tension (26.1%).</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Conclusions:</title><p>It may be concluded that smoking is increasing among female college students in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, it is recommended that a preventive comprehensive health education program on smoking be initiated for females in middle schools, that stricter tobacco control measures be adopted by the government, and that anti-smoking clinics be established in colleges.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>College students</kwd><kwd>females</kwd><kwd>Saudi Arabia</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" sort="Al Dossary, Ahlam F" uniqKey="Al Dossary A" first="Ahlam F." last="Al-Dossary">Ahlam F. Al-Dossary</name><name sortKey="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" sort="Bahnassy, Ahmed A" uniqKey="Bahnassy A" first="Ahmed A." last="Bahnassy">Ahmed A. Bahnassy</name><name sortKey="Koura, Manal R" sort="Koura, Manal R" uniqKey="Koura M" first="Manal R." last="Koura">Manal R. Koura</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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