Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence as a non-invasive method to distinguish between Asian and African elephant tusks
Identifieur interne : 000000 ( Main/Merge ); suivant : 000001Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence as a non-invasive method to distinguish between Asian and African elephant tusks
Auteurs : Kittisak Buddhachat [Thaïlande] ; Chatchote Thitaram [Thaïlande] ; Janine L. Brown [États-Unis] ; Sarisa Klinhom [Thaïlande] ; Pakkanut Bansiddhi [Thaïlande] ; Kitichaya Penchart [Thaïlande] ; Kanita Ouitavon [Thaïlande] ; Khanittha Sriaksorn [Thaïlande] ; Chalermpol Pa-In [Thaïlande] ; Budsabong Kanchanasaka [Thaïlande] ; Chaleamchat Somgird [Thaïlande] ; Korakot Nganvongpanit [Thaïlande]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
We describe the use of handheld X-ray fluorescence, for elephant tusk species identification. Asian (n = 72) and African (n = 85) elephant tusks were scanned and we utilized the species differences in elemental composition to develop a functional model differentiating between species with high precision. Spatially, the majority of measured elements (n = 26) exhibited a homogeneous distribution in cross-section, but a more heterologous pattern in the longitudinal direction. Twenty-one of twenty four elements differed between Asian and African samples. Data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis followed by a stepwise discriminant analysis, which identified elements for the functional equation. The best equation consisted of ratios of Si, S, Cl, Ti, Mn, Ag, Sb and W, with Zr as the denominator. Next, Bayesian binary regression model analysis was conducted to predict the probability that a tusk would be of African origin. A cut-off value was established to improve discrimination. This Bayesian hybrid classification model was then validated by scanning an additional 30 Asian and 41 African tusks, which showed high accuracy (94%) and precision (95%) rates. We conclude that handheld XRF is an accurate, non-invasive method to discriminate origin of elephant tusks provides rapid results applicable to use in the field.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep24845
PubMed: 27097717
PubMed Central: 4838944
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PMC:4838944Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Penchart, Kitichaya" sort="Penchart, Kitichaya" uniqKey="Penchart K" first="Kitichaya" last="Penchart">Kitichaya Penchart</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>DNP Wildlife Forensic Science Unit (DNP-WIFOS), Wildlife Research Division, Wildlife Conservation Office, Department of National Parks</institution>
, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 61 Phaholyothin Rd., Chatuchak Bangkok 10900<country>Thailand</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
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, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 61 Phaholyothin Rd., Chatuchak Bangkok 10900<country>Thailand</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
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, Chiang Mai 50100,<country>Thailand</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We describe the use of handheld X-ray fluorescence, for elephant tusk species identification. Asian (n = 72) and African (n = 85) elephant tusks were scanned and we utilized the species differences in elemental composition to develop a functional model differentiating between species with high precision. Spatially, the majority of measured elements (n = 26) exhibited a homogeneous distribution in cross-section, but a more heterologous pattern in the longitudinal direction. Twenty-one of twenty four elements differed between Asian and African samples. Data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis followed by a stepwise discriminant analysis, which identified elements for the functional equation. The best equation consisted of ratios of Si, S, Cl, Ti, Mn, Ag, Sb and W, with Zr as the denominator. Next, Bayesian binary regression model analysis was conducted to predict the probability that a tusk would be of African origin. A cut-off value was established to improve discrimination. This Bayesian hybrid classification model was then validated by scanning an additional 30 Asian and 41 African tusks, which showed high accuracy (94%) and precision (95%) rates. We conclude that handheld XRF is an accurate, non-invasive method to discriminate origin of elephant tusks provides rapid results applicable to use in the field.</p>
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