Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves
Identifieur interne : 000028 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000027; suivant : 000029Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves
Auteurs : Girma Regassa [Éthiopie] ; Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi [Éthiopie]Source :
- SpringerPlus [ 2193-1801 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Tobacco (
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1770-z
PubMed: 27026926
PubMed Central: 4771704
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves</title><author><name sortKey="Regassa, Girma" sort="Regassa, Girma" uniqKey="Regassa G" first="Girma" last="Regassa">Girma Regassa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Chemistry, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Robe, Bale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh" sort="Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh" uniqKey="Chandravanshi B" first="Bhagwan Singh" last="Chandravanshi">Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27026926</idno><idno type="pmc">4771704</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771704</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4771704</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s40064-016-1770-z</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000110</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000110</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000109</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000109</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000023</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000023</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000447</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000447</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000447</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000028</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves</title><author><name sortKey="Regassa, Girma" sort="Regassa, Girma" uniqKey="Regassa G" first="Girma" last="Regassa">Girma Regassa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Chemistry, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Robe, Bale</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bale</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh" sort="Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh" uniqKey="Chandravanshi B" first="Bhagwan Singh" last="Chandravanshi">Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">SpringerPlus</title><idno type="eISSN">2193-1801</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Tobacco (<italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic> L.) is a commercial plant. Tobacco leaves naturally accumulate and concentrate relatively high levels of heavy metals and particular cadmium in leaves. Tobacco is one of the basic agricultural products, in Ethiopia, with social and economic importance. However, there is no report in the literature on the determination of levels of heavy metals in Ethiopian tobacco leaves. Hence this research is intended to determine the levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian Virginia tobacco leaves. Samples of raw Virginia tobacco leaves were collected from two different regions of Ethiopia (Billate and Shewa Robit). The three processed tobacco samples were collected from National Tobacco Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The samples were wet-digested using 3 mL HNO<sub>3</sub> (69–72 %) and 3 mL HClO<sub>4</sub> (70 %) at 350 °C for 3.5 h and concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean metals concentrations (in µg/g dry weight) in the raw Virginia tobacco leaves from Billate and Shewa Robit, respectively, were: Cu (4.38, 7.30), Zn (53.7, 33.2), Cd (1.20, 1.30), Cr (ND, 1.45), Ni (ND, 1.90). The mean metals concentrations (in µg/g dry weight) in the processed tobacco from Billate and Shewa Robit, respectively, were: Cu (9.80, 12.8), Ni (2.35, 2.20) Cd (1.45, 1.90), Cr (1.65, 1.75), Zn (101, 83.8). The mean metals concentrations (in µg/g dry weight) in the processed tobacco Nyala (Ethiopian cigarette leaves) were: Cu (8.95), Cd (1.55), Cr (1.62), Ni (4.70), Zn (79.3). The concentrations of Cr and Ni in tobacco leaves from Billate and Pb in all the tobacco samples were below the detection limits. This study showed that the metal contents of tobacco leaves varied with the geographical origin in which the tobacco plant grows. The metal contents of processed tobacco were higher than the corresponding raw leaves. Pb was not detected in both the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adeyeye, Ei" uniqKey="Adeyeye E">EI Adeyeye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ajab, H" uniqKey="Ajab H">H Ajab</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaqub, A" uniqKey="Yaqub A">A Yaqub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malik, Sa" uniqKey="Malik S">SA Malik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Junaid, M" uniqKey="Junaid M">M Junaid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yasmeen, S" uniqKey="Yasmeen S">S Yasmeen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Ma" uniqKey="Abdullah M">MA Abdullah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angelova, V" uniqKey="Angelova V">V Angelova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanov, K" uniqKey="Ivanov K">K Ivanov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanova, R" 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