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Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line

Identifieur interne : 001C79 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001C78; suivant : 001C80

Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line

Auteurs : Bernard Déruelle ; Jean N'Ni ; Robert Kambou

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:4EA1A7D8619F3D5A70780A0BD4FBF93A3F06FA2A

Abstract

Mt Cameroon is a large volcanic horst which belongs to the Cameroon Line. The morphology of the massif depends on tectonic control. Mt Cameroon is built upon a Precambrian metamorphic basement covered with Cretaceous to Recent sediments of the Douala and Rio del Rey basins. The oldest lavas could be of Upper Miocene age. Mt Cameroon has erupted six times in the 20th Century. The 1982 eruption took place inside the crater of an ancient cone. Volcanic risks are actual for the human constructions, mostly along the axis of the horst.The lavas are picrites (with forsteritic olivine phenocrysts), alkali basalts (with salitic augite phenocrysts), hawaiites (with labrador-bytownite plagioclase phenocrysts) and mugearites (with scarce kaersutite phenocrysts and microlitic phlogopite or nosean). FeTi oxides phenocrysts are ubiquitous.All the lavas are Ne-normative. The distribution of major and trace elements in the lava series is well explained by fractionations of the minerals found as phenocrysts, but plagioclase does not fractionate (Sr and Eu contents in the lavas increase with the differentiation). Thus, olivine, augite and FeTi oxide fractionations are respectively correlated with MgNi, CaCrSc and TiV distributions. Primitive magmatic liquids contain about 1 ppm uranium.Ta-Th-Hf correlation and REE distribution clearly indicate that the Cameroon lava series is typically alkaline with no tholeiitic or transitional trend. This fact asserts that the Cameroon Line is not a rift system but the result of tension gashes due to the Adamaoua sinistral strike-slip faulting zone.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0899-5362(87)90061-3

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:4EA1A7D8619F3D5A70780A0BD4FBF93A3F06FA2A

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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Mt Cameroon is a large volcanic horst which belongs to the Cameroon Line. The morphology of the massif depends on tectonic control. Mt Cameroon is built upon a Precambrian metamorphic basement covered with Cretaceous to Recent sediments of the Douala and Rio del Rey basins. The oldest lavas could be of Upper Miocene age. Mt Cameroon has erupted six times in the 20th Century. The 1982 eruption took place inside the crater of an ancient cone. Volcanic risks are actual for the human constructions, mostly along the axis of the horst.The lavas are picrites (with forsteritic olivine phenocrysts), alkali basalts (with salitic augite phenocrysts), hawaiites (with labrador-bytownite plagioclase phenocrysts) and mugearites (with scarce kaersutite phenocrysts and microlitic phlogopite or nosean). FeTi oxides phenocrysts are ubiquitous.All the lavas are Ne-normative. The distribution of major and trace elements in the lava series is well explained by fractionations of the minerals found as phenocrysts, but plagioclase does not fractionate (Sr and Eu contents in the lavas increase with the differentiation). Thus, olivine, augite and FeTi oxide fractionations are respectively correlated with MgNi, CaCrSc and TiV distributions. Primitive magmatic liquids contain about 1 ppm uranium.Ta-Th-Hf correlation and REE distribution clearly indicate that the Cameroon lava series is typically alkaline with no tholeiitic or transitional trend. This fact asserts that the Cameroon Line is not a rift system but the result of tension gashes due to the Adamaoua sinistral strike-slip faulting zone.</div>
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<p>Résumé: Le Mont Cameroun est un grand horst volcanique qui appartient à la Ligne du Cameroun. La morphologie du massif dépend de la tectonique. Le Mont Cameroun est construit sur un substratum métamorphique précambrien couvert des sédiments crétacés à actuels des bassins de Douala et du Rio del Rey. Les laves les plus anciennes pourraient être du Miocène Supérieur. Le Mont Cameroun est entré en éruption six fois au vingtième siècle. L'éruption de 1982 a eu lieu à l'intérieur du cratère d'un ancien cône. Les risques volcaniques sont réels pour les constructions humaines situées principalent le long de l'axe du horst.Les laves sont des picrites (à phénocristaux d'olivine forstéritique), des basaltes alcalins (à phénocristaux d'augite salitique), des hawaïtes (à phénocristaux de labrador et bytownite) et des mugéarites (à rares phénocristaux de kaersutite et microlites de phlogopite et noséane). Les oxydes de fer-titane sont ubiquistes.Toutes les laves sont à néphéline normative. La distribution des éléments majeurs et en traces dans la série s'explique bien par le fractionnement des minéraux renontrés en phénocristaux; cependant, le plagioclase ne fractionne pas (les teneurs en Sr et Eu des laves augmentent avec la differenciation). Ainsi, les fractionnements d'olivine, augite et oxydes de fer-titane sont respectivement corrélés aux distributions de MgNi, CaCrSc et Ti-V. Les liquides magmatiques primitifs contiennent environ 1 ppm d'uranium.La corrélation Ta-Th-Hf et la distribution des terres rares montrent clairement que la série du Mont Cameroun est typiquement alcaline, sans tendance tholéïtique, voire transitionnelle. Ceci confirme que la Ligne du Cameroun n'est pas un rift, mais le résultat des tensions dues au décrochement sénestre de l'Adamaoua.</p>
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<ce:simple-para>Mt Cameroon is a large volcanic horst which belongs to the Cameroon Line. The morphology of the massif depends on tectonic control. Mt Cameroon is built upon a Precambrian metamorphic basement covered with Cretaceous to Recent sediments of the Douala and Rio del Rey basins. The oldest lavas could be of Upper Miocene age. Mt Cameroon has erupted six times in the 20th Century. The 1982 eruption took place inside the crater of an ancient cone. Volcanic risks are actual for the human constructions, mostly along the axis of the horst.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>The lavas are picrites (with forsteritic olivine phenocrysts), alkali basalts (with salitic augite phenocrysts), hawaiites (with labrador-bytownite plagioclase phenocrysts) and mugearites (with scarce kaersutite phenocrysts and microlitic phlogopite or nosean). FeTi oxides phenocrysts are ubiquitous.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>All the lavas are Ne-normative. The distribution of major and trace elements in the lava series is well explained by fractionations of the minerals found as phenocrysts, but plagioclase does not fractionate (Sr and Eu contents in the lavas increase with the differentiation). Thus, olivine, augite and FeTi oxide fractionations are respectively correlated with MgNi, CaCrSc and TiV distributions. Primitive magmatic liquids contain about 1 ppm uranium.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>Ta-Th-Hf correlation and REE distribution clearly indicate that the Cameroon lava series is typically alkaline with no tholeiitic or transitional trend. This fact asserts that the Cameroon Line is not a rift system but the result of tension gashes due to the Adamaoua sinistral strike-slip faulting zone.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
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<ce:section-title>Résumé</ce:section-title>
<ce:abstract-sec>
<ce:simple-para>Le Mont Cameroun est un grand horst volcanique qui appartient à la Ligne du Cameroun. La morphologie du massif dépend de la tectonique. Le Mont Cameroun est construit sur un substratum métamorphique précambrien couvert des sédiments crétacés à actuels des bassins de Douala et du Rio del Rey. Les laves les plus anciennes pourraient être du Miocène Supérieur. Le Mont Cameroun est entré en éruption six fois au vingtième siècle. L'éruption de 1982 a eu lieu à l'intérieur du cratère d'un ancien cône. Les risques volcaniques sont réels pour les constructions humaines situées principalent le long de l'axe du horst.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>Les laves sont des picrites (à phénocristaux d'olivine forstéritique), des basaltes alcalins (à phénocristaux d'augite salitique), des hawaïtes (à phénocristaux de labrador et bytownite) et des mugéarites (à rares phénocristaux de kaersutite et microlites de phlogopite et noséane). Les oxydes de fer-titane sont ubiquistes.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>Toutes les laves sont à néphéline normative. La distribution des éléments majeurs et en traces dans la série s'explique bien par le fractionnement des minéraux renontrés en phénocristaux; cependant, le plagioclase ne fractionne pas (les teneurs en Sr et Eu des laves augmentent avec la differenciation). Ainsi, les fractionnements d'olivine, augite et oxydes de fer-titane sont respectivement corrélés aux distributions de MgNi, CaCrSc et Ti-V. Les liquides magmatiques primitifs contiennent environ 1 ppm d'uranium.</ce:simple-para>
<ce:simple-para>La corrélation Ta-Th-Hf et la distribution des terres rares montrent clairement que la série du Mont Cameroun est typiquement alcaline, sans tendance tholéïtique, voire transitionnelle. Ceci confirme que la Ligne du Cameroun n'est pas un rift, mais le résultat des tensions dues au décrochement sénestre de l'Adamaoua.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
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<title>Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line</title>
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<title>Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line</title>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Bernard</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Déruelle</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, B.P. 812 Yaounde, Cameroon, R.S.A.Africa</affiliation>
<description>Present address: Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Marrakech, Morocco.</description>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Jean</namePart>
<namePart type="family">N'ni</namePart>
<affiliation>Centre de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres, B.P. 333 Garoua, Cameroon, R.S.A.Africa</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Robert</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kambou</namePart>
<affiliation>Centre de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres, B.P. 333 Garoua, Cameroon, R.S.A.Africa</affiliation>
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<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1987</dateIssued>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1987</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
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<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
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<abstract lang="en">Mt Cameroon is a large volcanic horst which belongs to the Cameroon Line. The morphology of the massif depends on tectonic control. Mt Cameroon is built upon a Precambrian metamorphic basement covered with Cretaceous to Recent sediments of the Douala and Rio del Rey basins. The oldest lavas could be of Upper Miocene age. Mt Cameroon has erupted six times in the 20th Century. The 1982 eruption took place inside the crater of an ancient cone. Volcanic risks are actual for the human constructions, mostly along the axis of the horst.The lavas are picrites (with forsteritic olivine phenocrysts), alkali basalts (with salitic augite phenocrysts), hawaiites (with labrador-bytownite plagioclase phenocrysts) and mugearites (with scarce kaersutite phenocrysts and microlitic phlogopite or nosean). FeTi oxides phenocrysts are ubiquitous.All the lavas are Ne-normative. The distribution of major and trace elements in the lava series is well explained by fractionations of the minerals found as phenocrysts, but plagioclase does not fractionate (Sr and Eu contents in the lavas increase with the differentiation). Thus, olivine, augite and FeTi oxide fractionations are respectively correlated with MgNi, CaCrSc and TiV distributions. Primitive magmatic liquids contain about 1 ppm uranium.Ta-Th-Hf correlation and REE distribution clearly indicate that the Cameroon lava series is typically alkaline with no tholeiitic or transitional trend. This fact asserts that the Cameroon Line is not a rift system but the result of tension gashes due to the Adamaoua sinistral strike-slip faulting zone.</abstract>
<abstract lang="fr">Résumé: Le Mont Cameroun est un grand horst volcanique qui appartient à la Ligne du Cameroun. La morphologie du massif dépend de la tectonique. Le Mont Cameroun est construit sur un substratum métamorphique précambrien couvert des sédiments crétacés à actuels des bassins de Douala et du Rio del Rey. Les laves les plus anciennes pourraient être du Miocène Supérieur. Le Mont Cameroun est entré en éruption six fois au vingtième siècle. L'éruption de 1982 a eu lieu à l'intérieur du cratère d'un ancien cône. Les risques volcaniques sont réels pour les constructions humaines situées principalent le long de l'axe du horst.Les laves sont des picrites (à phénocristaux d'olivine forstéritique), des basaltes alcalins (à phénocristaux d'augite salitique), des hawaïtes (à phénocristaux de labrador et bytownite) et des mugéarites (à rares phénocristaux de kaersutite et microlites de phlogopite et noséane). Les oxydes de fer-titane sont ubiquistes.Toutes les laves sont à néphéline normative. La distribution des éléments majeurs et en traces dans la série s'explique bien par le fractionnement des minéraux renontrés en phénocristaux; cependant, le plagioclase ne fractionne pas (les teneurs en Sr et Eu des laves augmentent avec la differenciation). Ainsi, les fractionnements d'olivine, augite et oxydes de fer-titane sont respectivement corrélés aux distributions de MgNi, CaCrSc et Ti-V. Les liquides magmatiques primitifs contiennent environ 1 ppm d'uranium.La corrélation Ta-Th-Hf et la distribution des terres rares montrent clairement que la série du Mont Cameroun est typiquement alcaline, sans tendance tholéïtique, voire transitionnelle. Ceci confirme que la Ligne du Cameroun n'est pas un rift, mais le résultat des tensions dues au décrochement sénestre de l'Adamaoua.</abstract>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>Journal of African Earth Sciences</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated">
<title>AES</title>
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<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<originInfo>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1987</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<identifier type="ISSN">0731-7247</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0899-5362(00)X0067-X</identifier>
<part>
<date>1987</date>
<detail type="volume">
<number>6</number>
<caption>vol.</caption>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<number>2</number>
<caption>no.</caption>
</detail>
<extent unit="issue pages">
<start>119</start>
<end>243</end>
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<extent unit="pages">
<start>197</start>
<end>214</end>
</extent>
</part>
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<identifier type="istex">4EA1A7D8619F3D5A70780A0BD4FBF93A3F06FA2A</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0899-5362(87)90061-3</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">0899-5362(87)90061-3</identifier>
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<recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource>
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