Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects
Identifieur interne : 000B84 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B83; suivant : 000B85Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects
Auteurs : Jan Scheirs ; An De Coen ; Adrian Covaci ; Joke Beernaert ; Valentine Mubiana Kayawe ; Mercè Caturla ; Hans De Wolf ; Philippe Baert ; Patrick Van Oostveldt ; Ron Verhagen ; Ronny Blust ; Wim De CoenSource :
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [ 0730-7268 ] ; 2006-08.
English descriptors
Abstract
We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.
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DOI: 10.1897/05-419R.1
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Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Coen, An" sort="De Coen, An" uniqKey="De Coen A" first="An" last="De Coen">An De Coen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Covaci, Adrian" sort="Covaci, Adrian" uniqKey="Covaci A" first="Adrian" last="Covaci">Adrian Covaci</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beernaert, Joke" sort="Beernaert, Joke" uniqKey="Beernaert J" first="Joke" last="Beernaert">Joke Beernaert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayawe, Valentine Mubiana" sort="Kayawe, Valentine Mubiana" uniqKey="Kayawe V" first="Valentine Mubiana" last="Kayawe">Valentine Mubiana Kayawe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caturla, Merce" sort="Caturla, Merce" uniqKey="Caturla M" first="Mercè" last="Caturla">Mercè Caturla</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Wolf, Hans" sort="De Wolf, Hans" uniqKey="De Wolf H" first="Hans" last="De Wolf">Hans De Wolf</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baert, Philippe" sort="Baert, Philippe" uniqKey="Baert P" first="Philippe" last="Baert">Philippe Baert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Oostveldt, Patrick" sort="Van Oostveldt, Patrick" uniqKey="Van Oostveldt P" first="Patrick" last="Van Oostveldt">Patrick Van Oostveldt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verhagen, Ron" sort="Verhagen, Ron" uniqKey="Verhagen R" first="Ron" last="Verhagen">Ron Verhagen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blust, Ronny" sort="Blust, Ronny" uniqKey="Blust R" first="Ronny" last="Blust">Ronny Blust</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Coen, Wim" sort="De Coen, Wim" uniqKey="De Coen W" first="Wim" last="De Coen">Wim De Coen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</title><title level="j" type="sub">An International Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</title><idno type="ISSN">0730-7268</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-8618</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-08">2006-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2154">2154</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2162">2162</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0730-7268</idno></series><idno type="istex">C57F092ABB6ADBC76A0E479C63E668E113F6E5E4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1897/05-419R.1</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ETC5620250824</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0730-7268</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Apodemus sylvaticus</term><term>Comet assay</term><term>DNA damage</term><term>Heavy metals</term><term>Organochlorine compounds</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Jan Scheirs</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>An de Coen</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Adrian Covaci</name><affiliations><json:string>Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Joke Beernaert</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Valentine Mubiana Kayawe</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mercè Caturla</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hans de Wolf</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Philippe Baert</name><affiliations><json:string>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Patrick Van Oostveldt</name><affiliations><json:string>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ron Verhagen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ronny Blust</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wim de Coen</name><affiliations><json:string>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DNA damage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Comet assay</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Heavy metals</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Organochlorine compounds</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Apodemus sylvaticus</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ETC5620250824</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. 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Antwerp, Belgium</p></note><affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">An</forename><surname>de Coen</surname></persName><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Adrian</forename><surname>Covaci</surname></persName><affiliation>Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Joke</forename><surname>Beernaert</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Valentine Mubiana</forename><surname>Kayawe</surname></persName><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Mercè</forename><surname>Caturla</surname></persName><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Hans</forename><surname>de Wolf</surname></persName><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">Philippe</forename><surname>Baert</surname></persName><affiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, 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ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>DNA damage</term></item><item><term>Comet assay</term></item><item><term>Heavy metals</term></item><item><term>Organochlorine compounds</term></item><item><term>Apodemus sylvaticus</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Environmental Toxicology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2005-07-06">Received</change><change when="2006-01-25">Registration</change><change 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Chemistry</title><title type="subtitle">An International Journal</title><title type="short">Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="80"><doi origin="wiley" registered="no">10.1002/etc.v25:8</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="25">25</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">8</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2006-08">August 2006</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="24" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1897/05-419R.1</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ETC5620250824"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Environmental Toxicology</title><title type="tocHeading1">Environmental Toxicology</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2006 SETAC</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2005-07-06"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2006-01-25"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-12-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-12-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">2154</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">2162</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ETC.ETC5620250824.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="57"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Genotoxicity in wood mice (<i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i>) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Genotoxic effects in a pollution gradient</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jan</givenNames><familyName>Scheirs</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>jan.scheirs@ua.ac.be</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>An</givenNames><familyName>de Coen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Adrian</givenNames><familyName>Covaci</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Joke</givenNames><familyName>Beernaert</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Valentine Mubiana</givenNames><familyName>Kayawe</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Mercè</givenNames><familyName>Caturla</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Hans</givenNames><familyName>de Wolf</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Philippe</givenNames><familyName>Baert</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Patrick</givenNames><familyName>Van Oostveldt</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au10" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Ron</givenNames><familyName>Verhagen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au11" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Ronny</givenNames><familyName>Blust</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au12" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Wim</givenNames><familyName>de Coen</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">DNA damage</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Comet assay</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Heavy metals</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">Organochlorine compounds</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5"><i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i></keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (<i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i>) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(<i>p</i>‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Genotoxic effects in a pollution gradient</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheirs</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">An</namePart><namePart type="family">de Coen</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Adrian</namePart><namePart type="family">Covaci</namePart><affiliation>Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joke</namePart><namePart type="family">Beernaert</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Valentine Mubiana</namePart><namePart type="family">Kayawe</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mercè</namePart><namePart type="family">Caturla</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hans</namePart><namePart type="family">de Wolf</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philippe</namePart><namePart type="family">Baert</namePart><affiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Patrick</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Oostveldt</namePart><affiliation>Biochemistry and Molecular Cytology, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ron</namePart><namePart type="family">Verhagen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ronny</namePart><namePart type="family">Blust</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wim</namePart><namePart type="family">de Coen</namePart><affiliation>Ecophysiology, Biochemistry, and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-08</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2005-07-06</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2006-01-25</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">57</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>Comet assay</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Organochlorine compounds</topic><topic>Apodemus sylvaticus</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</title><subTitle>An International Journal</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Environmental Toxicology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0730-7268</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1552-8618</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1552-8618</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ETC</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2154</start><end>2162</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C57F092ABB6ADBC76A0E479C63E668E113F6E5E4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1897/05-419R.1</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ETC5620250824</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2006 SETAC</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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