Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis
Identifieur interne : 000823 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000822; suivant : 000824Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis
Auteurs : Mustapha Hichour ; Françoise Persin ; Jacqueline Sandeaux ; Claude GavachSource :
- Separation and Purification Technology [ 1383-5866 ] ; 1999.
Abstract
Excess or lack of levels of fluoride in drinking water being harmful to human health, the concentration of F− ions must be maintained in the range 0.5 to 1.5mgl−1. The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176m2. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1mgl−1 in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al3+ ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl−, HCO−3, SO2−4) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (<1.5mgl−1) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.
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DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00042-8
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The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176m2. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1mgl−1 in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al3+ ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl−, HCO−3, SO2−4) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (<1.5mgl−1) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Mustapha Hichour</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Françoise Persin</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jacqueline Sandeaux</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string><json:string>E-mail: sandeaux@admcnrs.cnrs-mop.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claude Gavach</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Anion exchange membrane</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Defluoridation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Donnan dialysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Fluoride ion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Water</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AEM, anion exchange membrane</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>A, feed compartment</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>R, receiver compartment</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>C, concentration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DD, Donnan dialysis process</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>S, solubility</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Excess or lack of levels of fluoride in drinking water being harmful to human health, the concentration of F− ions must be maintained in the range 0.5 to 1.5mgl−1. The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176m2. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1mgl−1 in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al3+ ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl−, HCO−3, SO2−4) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (>1.5mgl−1) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.148</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>544 x 742 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>11</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1532</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3280</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>19900</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>239</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</title><pii><json:string>S1383-5866(99)00042-8</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>18</volume><pii><json:string>S1383-5866(00)X0020-2</json:string></pii><pages><last>11</last><first>1</first></pages><issn><json:string>1383-5866</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Separation and Purification Technology</title><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL</json:string><json:string>CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00042-8</json:string></doi><id>6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433</id><score>0.08798718</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1999 Elsevier Science B.V.</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Schematic flow diagram of Donnan dialysis system: circuit a, open receiver; circuit b, closed receiver.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions during DD (circuit a) of the water 1 and 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Time dependence of the feed and receiver concentration of the F− ions during DD (circuit b) of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Time dependence of the F− ions at the inlet and outlet of the feed compartment, and transferred into the receiver compartment during DD (circuit b) of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: pH dependence of the aluminum solubility for various concentrations of the F− ions.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 5×10−5moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 10−4moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 2×10−4moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions for various DD operations of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions for various DD operations of the water 2.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Initial and final composition, conductivity and pH of model waters 1 and 2 treated by Donnan dialysis</note><note type="content">Table 2: Concentration (moll−1) of fluoride–aluminum complexes for various pH</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Mustapha</forename><surname>Hichour</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Françoise</forename><surname>Persin</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Jacqueline</forename><surname>Sandeaux</surname></persName><email>sandeaux@admcnrs.cnrs-mop.fr</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-4-67613414; fax: +33-4-67042820</p></note><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Claude</forename><surname>Gavach</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Separation and Purification Technology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">SEPPUR</title><idno type="pISSN">1383-5866</idno><idno type="PII">S1383-5866(00)X0020-2</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="11">11</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00042-8</idno><idno type="PII">S1383-5866(99)00042-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Excess or lack of levels of fluoride in drinking water being harmful to human health, the concentration of F− ions must be maintained in the range 0.5 to 1.5mgl−1. The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176m2. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1mgl−1 in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al3+ ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl−, HCO−3, SO2−4) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (<1.5mgl−1) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Anion exchange membrane</term></item><item><term>Defluoridation</term></item><item><term>Donnan dialysis</term></item><item><term>Fluoride ion</term></item><item><term>Water</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Abbreviations</head><item><term>AEM, anion exchange membrane</term></item><item><term>A, feed compartment</term></item><item><term>R, receiver compartment</term></item><item><term>C, concentration</term></item><item><term>DD, Donnan dialysis process</term></item><item><term>S, solubility</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999-05-17">Modified</change><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr10" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr10"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr7" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr7"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr8" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr8"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr9" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr9"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>SEPPUR</jid><aid>1189</aid><ce:pii>S1383-5866(99)00042-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00042-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="1999">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Mustapha</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hichour</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Françoise</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Persin</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Jacqueline</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Sandeaux</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>sandeaux@admcnrs.cnrs-mop.fr</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Claude</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gavach</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-4-67613414; fax: +33-4-67042820</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="22" month="3" year="1999"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="17" month="5" year="1999"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="18" month="7" year="1999"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract class="author"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Excess or lack of levels of fluoride in drinking water being harmful to human health, the concentration of F<ce:sup>−</ce:sup> ions must be maintained in the range 0.5 to 1.5<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>mg<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>l<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>. The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>m<ce:sup>2</ce:sup>. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>mg<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>l<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup> in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al<ce:sup>3+</ce:sup> ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl<ce:sup>−</ce:sup>, <math altimg="si3.gif"><rm>HCO<sup>−</sup><inf>3</inf>, SO<sup>2−</sup><inf>4</inf>)</rm></math> and cations (Na<ce:sup>+</ce:sup>, K<ce:sup>+</ce:sup>, Ca<ce:sup>2+</ce:sup>, Mg<ce:sup>2+</ce:sup>) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (<1.5<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>mg<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>l<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Anion exchange membrane</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Defluoridation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Donnan dialysis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Fluoride ion</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Water</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords><ce:keywords class="abr"><ce:section-title>Abbreviations</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>AEM, anion exchange membrane</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>A, feed compartment</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>R, receiver compartment</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>C</ce:italic>, concentration</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>DD, Donnan dialysis process</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>S</ce:italic>, solubility</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Fluoride removal from waters by Donnan dialysis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mustapha</namePart><namePart type="family">Hichour</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Françoise</namePart><namePart type="family">Persin</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jacqueline</namePart><namePart type="family">Sandeaux</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: sandeaux@admcnrs.cnrs-mop.fr</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-4-67613414; fax: +33-4-67042820</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claude</namePart><namePart type="family">Gavach</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, UMR 5635, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1999-05-17</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Excess or lack of levels of fluoride in drinking water being harmful to human health, the concentration of F− ions must be maintained in the range 0.5 to 1.5mgl−1. The purpose of this study is to apply Donnan dialysis (DD) for fluoride removal from waters with a concentration exceeding the permitted value. Two synthetic waters, which are models of waters from countries of Africa (Maghreb, Senegal), were prepared and treated with a DD pre-industrial pilot. The anion exchange membrane was the DSV membrane (Asahi Glass), with a total area of 0.176m2. The initial fluoride concentration was 9.5 and 6.1mgl−1 in each model water, respectively. The DD process was studied under two circulating modes of the receiver solution, single pass and batch, while the feed solution flowed continuously as a single pass. To maintain the fluoride concentration below the acceptable values at the outlet of the feed compartment, the extracted fluoride ions are complexed by Al3+ ions which were added in the receiver solution. Chemical speciation of aluminum–fluoride compounds was studied in order to define the optimized conditions of pH and concentration. Despite the different anions (Cl−, HCO−3, SO2−4) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) generally present in ground waters, a fluoride concentration in agreement with the norm (<1.5mgl−1) could be reached whatever the water treated. However, the mineralization of water was increased by about 25% resulting from the electrolyte diffusion which occurs from the receiver to the feed solution.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Schematic flow diagram of Donnan dialysis system: circuit a, open receiver; circuit b, closed receiver.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions during DD (circuit a) of the water 1 and 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Time dependence of the feed and receiver concentration of the F− ions during DD (circuit b) of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Time dependence of the F− ions at the inlet and outlet of the feed compartment, and transferred into the receiver compartment during DD (circuit b) of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: pH dependence of the aluminum solubility for various concentrations of the F− ions.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 5×10−5moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 10−4moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Distribution of major fluoride–aluminum complexes at 2×10−4moll−1 F−.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions for various DD operations of the water 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Time dependence of the feed concentration of the F− ions for various DD operations of the water 2.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Initial and final composition, conductivity and pH of model waters 1 and 2 treated by Donnan dialysis</note><note type="content">Table 2: Concentration (moll−1) of fluoride–aluminum complexes for various pH</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Anion exchange membrane</topic><topic>Defluoridation</topic><topic>Donnan dialysis</topic><topic>Fluoride ion</topic><topic>Water</topic></subject><subject><genre>Abbreviations</genre><topic>AEM, anion exchange membrane</topic><topic>A, feed compartment</topic><topic>R, receiver compartment</topic><topic>C, concentration</topic><topic>DD, Donnan dialysis process</topic><topic>S, solubility</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Separation and Purification Technology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>SEPPUR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19990103</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">1383-5866</identifier><identifier type="PII">S1383-5866(00)X0020-2</identifier><part><date>19990103</date><detail type="volume"><number>18</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>88</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>11</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">6EDAB2A7A16DE27EB0AC30FFD89E6661CCE50433</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00042-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S1383-5866(99)00042-8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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