Kraft lignin as fiber treatment for natural fiber‐reinforced composites
Identifieur interne : 000747 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000746; suivant : 000748Kraft lignin as fiber treatment for natural fiber‐reinforced composites
Auteurs : Wim Thielemans ; Richard P. WoolSource :
- Polymer Composites [ 0272-8397 ] ; 2005-10.
Abstract
Pine kraft lignin was sedimented from an aqueous NaOH solution (pH 13) onto flax fibers by submerging flax fiber mats in the alkaline solution for 5 min. This treatment has been used to improve the interfacial interactions between the hydrophilic flax and a hydrophobic soy‐oil‐based liquid molding resin. The flax fiber mat weight increase as a function of the lignin content in the alkaline treatment solution was determined and visualized using electron microscopy. Lignin sedimentation was found to decrease the contact angle between the resin and the treated flax fibers. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:695–705, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
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DOI: 10.1002/pc.20141
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Wool</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, Colburn Lab, 150 Academy St., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Polymer Composites</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Polym Compos</title><idno type="ISSN">0272-8397</idno><idno type="eISSN">1548-0569</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-10">2005-10</date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="695">695</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="705">705</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0272-8397</idno></series><idno type="istex">C025BCD5FD9533D3B495AD88CD9BA85D9AC1D063</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/pc.20141</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PC20141</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0272-8397</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="fr">Pine kraft lignin was sedimented from an aqueous NaOH solution (pH 13) onto flax fibers by submerging flax fiber mats in the alkaline solution for 5 min. This treatment has been used to improve the interfacial interactions between the hydrophilic flax and a hydrophobic soy‐oil‐based liquid molding resin. The flax fiber mat weight increase as a function of the lignin content in the alkaline treatment solution was determined and visualized using electron microscopy. Lignin sedimentation was found to decrease the contact angle between the resin and the treated flax fibers. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:695–705, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Wim Thielemans</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, Colburn Lab, 150 Academy St., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716</json:string><json:string>Current Address: Ecole Française de la Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG‐INPG), 461 Rue de la Papeterie, BP 65, 38402 Saint‐Martin d'Hères, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Richard P. 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Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. 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This treatment has been used to improve the interfacial interactions between the hydrophilic flax and a hydrophobic soy‐oil‐based liquid molding resin. The flax fiber mat weight increase as a function of the lignin content in the alkaline treatment solution was determined and visualized using electron microscopy. Lignin sedimentation was found to decrease the contact angle between the resin and the treated flax fibers. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. 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This treatment has been used to improve the interfacial interactions between the hydrophilic flax and a hydrophobic soy‐oil‐based liquid molding resin. The flax fiber mat weight increase as a function of the lignin content in the alkaline treatment solution was determined and visualized using electron microscopy. Lignin sedimentation was found to decrease the contact angle between the resin and the treated flax fibers. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), <i>J. Appl. Polym. Sci.</i>, 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:695–705, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Kraft lignin as fiber treatment for natural fiber‐reinforced composites</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Kraft lignin as fiber treatment for natural fiber‐reinforced composites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wim</namePart><namePart type="family">Thielemans</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, Colburn Lab, 150 Academy St., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Ecole Française de la Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG‐INPG), 461 Rue de la Papeterie, BP 65, 38402 Saint‐Martin d'Hères, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Richard P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wool</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, Colburn Lab, 150 Academy St., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, Colburn Lab, 150 Academy St., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-10</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="references">35</extent><extent unit="words">4943</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="fr">Pine kraft lignin was sedimented from an aqueous NaOH solution (pH 13) onto flax fibers by submerging flax fiber mats in the alkaline solution for 5 min. This treatment has been used to improve the interfacial interactions between the hydrophilic flax and a hydrophobic soy‐oil‐based liquid molding resin. The flax fiber mat weight increase as a function of the lignin content in the alkaline treatment solution was determined and visualized using electron microscopy. Lignin sedimentation was found to decrease the contact angle between the resin and the treated flax fibers. Tensile and flexural properties of the composite samples showed an increase in mechanical properties with increasing lignin sedimentation, with a positive deviation for low lignin sedimentation. These results are in line with previous published data with hemp fiber composites [Thielemans et al. (2002), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 323]. Improved properties are attributed to the improved wettability, while the low lignin content deviation is due to small lignin deposits protruding from the surface and thus improving mechanical interlocking. Features on the fracture surfaces, visualized by electron microscopy, are consistent with these findings. The soy‐oil‐based resin behaves similar to existing petroleum‐based unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins and its use is not inherent to the success of the lignin treatment. POLYM. 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