A Nondestructive Methodology for the Study of Colored Enamels: Insights into Manufacturing and Weathering Processes
Identifieur interne : 000725 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000724; suivant : 000726A Nondestructive Methodology for the Study of Colored Enamels: Insights into Manufacturing and Weathering Processes
Auteurs : Julia Romero-Pastor ; José Vicente Navarro ; Marian Del Egido ; Miguel Ortega-HuertasSource :
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society [ 0002-7820 ] ; 2013-07.
Abstract
We studied ancient enamels on gilded copper from a collection of archeological horse harness pendants of the Museo Instituto Valencia de Don Juan (Madrid, Spain) to test the benefits of a new, nondestructive analytical methodology based on chemometric analysis (i.e., Principal Component Analysis, PCA) on micro‐ATR‐FTIR spectral data and chemical quantification using SEM‐EDS. The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) PCA allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as Fe(II) and Co(II) to achieve a blue pigments; Mn(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. In addition, we established the reason for the poor state of conservation of some of the enamels by means of the identification of depolymerization and ion exchanges, well‐known harmful effects of glass weathering, and finally a chronology was assigned for some of these pieces according to the enamel composition.
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DOI: 10.1111/jace.12402
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The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) PCA allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as Fe(II) and Co(II) to achieve a blue pigments; Mn(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. In addition, we established the reason for the poor state of conservation of some of the enamels by means of the identification of depolymerization and ion exchanges, well‐known harmful effects of glass weathering, and finally a chronology was assigned for some of these pieces according to the enamel composition.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><editor><json:item><name>I. 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The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) PCA allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as Fe(II) and Co(II) to achieve a blue pigments; Mn(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. 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Am. Ceram. Soc.</title><idno type="pISSN">0002-7820</idno><idno type="eISSN">1551-2916</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1551-2916</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">96</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2132">2132</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2140">2140</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">515D05252862F8DDA6F1C5DD491712663D614A32</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/jace.12402</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JACE12402</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2013-05-08</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>We studied ancient enamels on gilded copper from a collection of archeological horse harness pendants of the Museo Instituto Valencia de Don Juan (Madrid, Spain) to test the benefits of a new, nondestructive analytical methodology based on chemometric analysis (i.e., Principal Component Analysis, PCA) on micro‐ATR‐FTIR spectral data and chemical quantification using SEM‐EDS. The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) PCA allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as Fe(II) and Co(II) to achieve a blue pigments; Mn(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. In addition, we established the reason for the poor state of conservation of some of the enamels by means of the identification of depolymerization and ion exchanges, well‐known harmful effects of glass weathering, and finally a chronology was assigned for some of these pieces according to the enamel composition.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Original Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2012-12-17">Received</change><change when="2013-04-25">Registration</change><change when="2013-05-08">Created</change><change when="2013-07">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/515D05252862F8DDA6F1C5DD491712663D614A32/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="jace12402" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1551-2916</doi><issn type="print">0002-7820</issn><issn type="electronic">1551-2916</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JACE"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY" type="main">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</title><title type="short">J. 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The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) <fc>PCA</fc> allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as <fc><fr>Fe</fr></fc>(II) and <fc><fr>Co</fr></fc>(II) to achieve a blue pigments; <fc><fr>Mn</fr></fc>(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. In addition, we established the reason for the poor state of conservation of some of the enamels by means of the identification of depolymerization and ion exchanges, well‐known harmful effects of glass weathering, and finally a chronology was assigned for some of these pieces according to the enamel composition.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A Nondestructive Methodology for the Study of Colored Enamels: Insights into Manufacturing and Weathering Processes</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A Nondestructive Methodology for the Study of Colored Enamels: Insights into Manufacturing and Weathering Processes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Julia</namePart><namePart type="family">Romero‐Pastor</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, 18002, Granada, Spain</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e‐mail: </description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">José Vicente</namePart><namePart type="family">Navarro</namePart><affiliation>Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España, 28040, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marian del</namePart><namePart type="family">Egido</namePart><affiliation>Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España, 28040, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Miguel</namePart><namePart type="family">Ortega‐Huertas</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, 18002, Granada, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lloyd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-07</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-05-08</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-12-17</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-04-25</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>We studied ancient enamels on gilded copper from a collection of archeological horse harness pendants of the Museo Instituto Valencia de Don Juan (Madrid, Spain) to test the benefits of a new, nondestructive analytical methodology based on chemometric analysis (i.e., Principal Component Analysis, PCA) on micro‐ATR‐FTIR spectral data and chemical quantification using SEM‐EDS. The novelty of this approach was threefold: (i) PCA allowed the discrimination of the different harness pendants of known origin and attributed to the 14th and 15th centuries according to the chemical complex composition, nanostructure, glass weathering, and/or coloring mechanisms of each colored enamel, separately (i.e., red, purple, blue, and white), (ii) it is a cheap, easily available and nondestructive methodology that enables us to (iii) draw archeological conclusions about the quality of the manufacturing process, reassess the chronology of these objects and attempt to attribute them to different workshops according to the different traditional recipes identified. In particular, the enamels were made of alkali and/or alkaline earth lead‐glass with a wide range of chemical compounds in the form of pigments or opacifiers. Two types of coloring mechanisms were identified, colloidal particles such as copper‐ruby for red enamels, and ionic mechanisms such as Fe(II) and Co(II) to achieve a blue pigments; Mn(III) in the purple pigment; and two kind of white enamels were identified, i.e., tin oxide as an opacifier and uranium oxide. In addition, we established the reason for the poor state of conservation of some of the enamels by means of the identification of depolymerization and ion exchanges, well‐known harmful effects of glass weathering, and finally a chronology was assigned for some of these pieces according to the enamel composition.</abstract><note type="funding">Research Groups - No. RNM‐179; </note><note type="funding">Spanish Science Ministry Project - No. P08‐RNM‐04169; </note><note type="funding">Instituto de Patrimonio Cultural de España</note><note type="funding">Instituto Valencia de Don Juan</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Am. Ceram. Soc.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0002-7820</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1551-2916</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1551-2916</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JACE</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>96</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2132</start><end>2140</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">515D05252862F8DDA6F1C5DD491712663D614A32</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/jace.12402</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JACE12402</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2013 American Ceramic Society© 2013 The American Ceramic Society</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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