Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations
Identifieur interne : 000695 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000694; suivant : 000696Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations
Auteurs : Nuran Senel Bese ; Krystyna Kiel ; Brahim El-Khalil El-Gueddari ; Oladapo Babatunde Campbell ; Baffour Awuah ; Bhadrasain VikramSource :
- The Breast Journal [ 1075-122X ] ; 2006-01.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title><author><name sortKey="Bese, Nuran Senel" sort="Bese, Nuran Senel" uniqKey="Bese N" first="Nuran Senel" last="Bese">Nuran Senel Bese</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiel, Krystyna" sort="Kiel, Krystyna" uniqKey="Kiel K" first="Krystyna" last="Kiel">Krystyna Kiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Northwestern University, Chicago;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Ueddari, Brahim El Halil" sort="El Ueddari, Brahim El Halil" uniqKey="El Ueddari B" first="Brahim El-Khalil" last="El-Gueddari">Brahim El-Khalil El-Gueddari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Oladapo Babatunde" sort="Campbell, Oladapo Babatunde" uniqKey="Campbell O" first="Oladapo Babatunde" last="Campbell">Oladapo Babatunde Campbell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Awuah, Baffour" sort="Awuah, Baffour" uniqKey="Awuah B" first="Baffour" last="Awuah">Baffour Awuah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vikram, Bhadrasain" sort="Vikram, Bhadrasain" uniqKey="Vikram B" first="Bhadrasain" last="Vikram">Bhadrasain Vikram</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925</idno><date when="2006" year="2006">2006</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000695</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000695</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title><author><name sortKey="Bese, Nuran Senel" sort="Bese, Nuran Senel" uniqKey="Bese N" first="Nuran Senel" last="Bese">Nuran Senel Bese</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiel, Krystyna" sort="Kiel, Krystyna" uniqKey="Kiel K" first="Krystyna" last="Kiel">Krystyna Kiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Northwestern University, Chicago;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Ueddari, Brahim El Halil" sort="El Ueddari, Brahim El Halil" uniqKey="El Ueddari B" first="Brahim El-Khalil" last="El-Gueddari">Brahim El-Khalil El-Gueddari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Oladapo Babatunde" sort="Campbell, Oladapo Babatunde" uniqKey="Campbell O" first="Oladapo Babatunde" last="Campbell">Oladapo Babatunde Campbell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Awuah, Baffour" sort="Awuah, Baffour" uniqKey="Awuah B" first="Baffour" last="Awuah">Baffour Awuah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vikram, Bhadrasain" sort="Vikram, Bhadrasain" uniqKey="Vikram B" first="Bhadrasain" last="Vikram">Bhadrasain Vikram</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Breast Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">1075-122X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1524-4741</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-01">2006-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">s1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="S96">S96</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="S102">S102</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1075-122X</idno></series><idno type="istex">34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">TBJ209</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1075-122X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>breast cancer</term><term>developing countries</term><term>health resources</term><term>radiation oncology</term><term>radiation therapy</term><term>radiotherapy</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Nuran Senel Bese MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Krystyna Kiel MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Northwestern University, Chicago;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Brahim El‐Khalil El‐Gueddari MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Oladapo Babatunde Campbell MD</name><affiliations><json:string>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Baffour Awuah MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bhadrasain Vikram MD</name><affiliations><json:string>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>breast cancer</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>developing countries</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>health resources</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>radiation oncology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>radiation therapy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>radiotherapy</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>TBJ209</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.534</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 782 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2108</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4534</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>30463</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>302</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title><corporate><json:item><name>for the International Atomic Energy Agency</name></json:item></corporate><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>12</volume><publisherId><json:string>TBJ</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>7</total><last>S102</last><first>S96</first></pages><issn><json:string>1075-122X</json:string></issn><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1524-4741</json:string></eissn><title>The Breast Journal</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1524-4741</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2006</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2006</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</json:string></doi><id>34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925</id><score>0.09777033</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2006</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title><author><orgName>for the International Atomic Energy Agency</orgName></author><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Nuran Senel</forename><surname>Bese</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Krystyna</forename><surname>Kiel</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Northwestern University, Chicago;</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Brahim El‐Khalil</forename><surname>El‐Gueddari</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Oladapo Babatunde</forename><surname>Campbell</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Baffour</forename><surname>Awuah</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Bhadrasain</forename><surname>Vikram</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The Breast Journal</title><idno type="pISSN">1075-122X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1524-4741</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1524-4741</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">s1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="S96">S96</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="S102">S102</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">TBJ209</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2006</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>breast cancer</term></item><item><term>developing countries</term></item><item><term>health resources</term></item><item><term>radiation oncology</term></item><item><term>radiation therapy</term></item><item><term>radiotherapy</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2006-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc>Malden, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1524-4741</doi><issn type="print">1075-122X</issn><issn type="electronic">1524-4741</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="TBJ"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="BREAST JOURNAL">The Breast Journal</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="01000"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/tbj.2006.12.issue-s1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="12">12</numbering><numbering type="supplement">s1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2006-01">January 2006</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="10" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="TBJ209"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ORIGINAL ARTICLES: LIMITED‐RESOURCE INTERVENTIONS</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2006-01-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2006-01-16"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.4 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">S96</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">S102</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Bhadrasain Vikram, MD, Head, Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagramer Strasse 5, A‐1400 Vienna, Austria, or e‐mail: <email>b.vikram@iaea.org</email>.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:TBJ.TBJ209.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="52"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="3049"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title><title type="shortAuthors"><sc>bese et al</sc>.</title><title type="short"><i>Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Limited‐Resource Countries</i></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Nuran Senel</givenNames><familyName>Bese</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Krystyna</givenNames><familyName>Kiel</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Brahim El‐Khalil</givenNames><familyName>El‐Gueddari</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Oladapo Babatunde</givenNames><familyName>Campbell</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>Baffour</givenNames><familyName>Awuah</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a6"><personName><givenNames>Bhadrasain</givenNames><familyName>Vikram</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><groupName>for the International Atomic Energy Agency</groupName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="TR"><unparsedAffiliation>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2"><unparsedAffiliation>Northwestern University, Chicago;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="MA"><unparsedAffiliation>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4"><unparsedAffiliation>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="GH"><unparsedAffiliation>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="AT"><unparsedAffiliation>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">breast cancer</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">developing countries</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">health resources</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">radiation oncology</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">radiation therapy</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">radiotherapy </keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Abstract: </b> Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Limited‐Resource Countries</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nuran Senel</namePart><namePart type="family">Bese</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Krystyna</namePart><namePart type="family">Kiel</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Northwestern University, Chicago;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Brahim El‐Khalil</namePart><namePart type="family">El‐Gueddari</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oladapo Babatunde</namePart><namePart type="family">Campbell</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Baffour</namePart><namePart type="family">Awuah</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bhadrasain</namePart><namePart type="family">Vikram</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="corporate"><namePart>for the International Atomic Energy Agency</namePart><description>Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey;Northwestern University, Chicago;Institut National d’Oncologie, Rabat, Morocco;University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; andInternational Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations, Vienna, Austria</description></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">52</extent><extent unit="words">3049</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Abstract: Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt‐60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast‐conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>breast cancer</topic><topic>developing countries</topic><topic>health resources</topic><topic>radiation oncology</topic><topic>radiation therapy</topic><topic>radiotherapy</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Breast Journal</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1075-122X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1524-4741</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1524-4741</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">TBJ</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><detail type="supplement"><caption>Suppl. no.</caption><number>s1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>S96</start><end>S102</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00209.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">TBJ209</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Inc</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000695 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000695 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:34CC53944A61D1FDCD80929373ABFA047FA6E925
|texte= Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Countries with Limited Resources: Program Implementation and Evidence‐Based Recommendations
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |