Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions
Identifieur interne : 000352 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000351; suivant : 000353Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions
Auteurs : Andrey G. Sarafanov ; Todor I. Todorov ; José A. Centeno ; Virgilia Macias ; Weihua Gao ; Wei‐Min Liang ; Craig Beam ; Marion A. Gray ; André A. Kajdacsy‐BallaSource :
- The Prostate [ 0270-4137 ] ; 2011-08-01.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS: We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS: Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/pros.21339
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Sarafanov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Todorov, Todor I" sort="Todorov, Todor I" uniqKey="Todorov T" first="Todor I." last="Todorov">Todor I. Todorov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CGGSC, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Centeno, Jose A" sort="Centeno, Jose A" uniqKey="Centeno J" first="José A." last="Centeno">José A. Centeno</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macias, Virgilia" sort="Macias, Virgilia" uniqKey="Macias V" first="Virgilia" last="Macias">Virgilia Macias</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Weihua" sort="Gao, Weihua" uniqKey="Gao W" first="Weihua" last="Gao">Weihua Gao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Wei In" sort="Liang, Wei In" uniqKey="Liang W" first="Wei‐Min" last="Liang">Wei‐Min Liang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beam, Craig" sort="Beam, Craig" uniqKey="Beam C" first="Craig" last="Beam">Craig Beam</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, Marion A" sort="Gray, Marion A" uniqKey="Gray M" first="Marion A." last="Gray">Marion A. Gray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kajdacsy Alla, Andre A" sort="Kajdacsy Alla, Andre A" uniqKey="Kajdacsy Alla A" first="André A." last="Kajdacsy‐Balla">André A. Kajdacsy‐Balla</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Prostate</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Prostate</title><idno type="ISSN">0270-4137</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-08-01">2011-08-01</date><biblScope unit="vol">71</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1231">1231</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1238">1238</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0270-4137</idno></series><idno type="istex">8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/pros.21339</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PROS21339</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0270-4137</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>PSA recurrence</term><term>cadmium</term><term>iron</term><term>selenium</term><term>zinc</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">BACKGROUND: There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS: We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS: Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Andrey G. Sarafanov</name><affiliations><json:string>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Todor I. Todorov</name><affiliations><json:string>CGGSC, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>José A. Centeno</name><affiliations><json:string>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Virgilia Macias</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Weihua Gao</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wei‐Min Liang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Craig Beam</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marion A. Gray</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>André A. Kajdacsy‐Balla</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PSA recurrence</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>zinc</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>iron</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>selenium</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cadmium</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>BACKGROUND: There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS: We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS: Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.952</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1728</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5071</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>32660</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>246</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>71</volume><pages><total>8</total><last>1238</last><first>1231</first></pages><issn><json:string>0270-4137</json:string></issn><issue>11</issue><subject><json:item><value>Original Article</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>The Prostate</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0045</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/pros.21339</json:string></doi><id>8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader type="text"><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Laboratory work was primarily undertaken at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.</note><note type="content">*Disclaimer: This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Defense, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.</note><note>US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs - No. PC051072; No. PC074307;</note><note>American Registry of Pathology - No. 1050‐3056; No. 1050‐3055;</note><note>American Institute of Cancer Research - No. 02A072;</note><note>National Cancer Institute CPCTR - No. 086753;</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Andrey G.</forename><surname>Sarafanov</surname></persName><affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Todor I.</forename><surname>Todorov</surname></persName><affiliation>CGGSC, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">José A.</forename><surname>Centeno</surname></persName><affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Virgilia</forename><surname>Macias</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Weihua</forename><surname>Gao</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Wei‐Min</forename><surname>Liang</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Craig</forename><surname>Beam</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Marion A.</forename><surname>Gray</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">André A.</forename><surname>Kajdacsy‐Balla</surname></persName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.</p></note><affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The Prostate</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Prostate</title><idno type="pISSN">0270-4137</idno><idno type="eISSN">1097-0045</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0045</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-08-01"></date><biblScope unit="vol">71</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1231">1231</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1238">1238</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/pros.21339</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PROS21339</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND: There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS: We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS: Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>PSA recurrence</term></item><item><term>zinc</term></item><item><term>iron</term></item><item><term>selenium</term></item><item><term>cadmium</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Article category</head><item><term>Original Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-09-27">Received</change><change when="2010-12-13">Registration</change><change when="2011-08-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: 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Prostate Cancer</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Andrey G.</givenNames><familyName>Sarafanov</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Todor I.</givenNames><familyName>Todorov</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>José A.</givenNames><familyName>Centeno</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Virgilia</givenNames><familyName>Macias</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Weihua</givenNames><familyName>Gao</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Wei‐Min</givenNames><familyName>Liang</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Craig</givenNames><familyName>Beam</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Marion A.</givenNames><familyName>Gray</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>André A.</givenNames><familyName>Kajdacsy‐Balla</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>ABalla@uic.edu</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>CGGSC, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="AU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">PSA recurrence</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">zinc</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">iron</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">selenium</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">cadmium</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>PC051072</fundingNumber><fundingNumber>PC074307</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>American Registry of Pathology</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>1050‐3056</fundingNumber><fundingNumber>1050‐3055</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>American Institute of Cancer Research</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>02A072</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Cancer Institute CPCTR</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>086753</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><p> Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. </p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting information" href="urn-x:wiley:02704137:media:pros21339:pros_21339_sm_suppdata"></mediaResource><caption>Supplementary Data</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">BACKGROUND</title><p>There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">METHODS</title><p>We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">RESULTS</title><p>Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; <i>P</i> = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; <i>P</i> = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (<i>P</i> = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively).</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">CONCLUSIONS</title><p>There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Laboratory work was primarily undertaken at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><p><i>Disclaimer</i>: This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Defense, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><!--Version 0.6 générée le 3-12-2015--><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Metal Ions and Prostate Cancer</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrey G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sarafanov</namePart><affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Todor I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Todorov</namePart><affiliation>CGGSC, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">José A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Centeno</namePart><affiliation>Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, District of Columbia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Virgilia</namePart><namePart type="family">Macias</namePart><affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Weihua</namePart><namePart type="family">Gao</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wei‐Min</namePart><namePart type="family">Liang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Craig</namePart><namePart type="family">Beam</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marion A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gray</namePart><affiliation>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">André A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kajdacsy‐Balla</namePart><affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre authority="originalCategForm">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-08-01</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-27</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-12-13</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="references">47</extent><extent unit="words">5471</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">BACKGROUND: There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS: We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS: Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="content">*Laboratory work was primarily undertaken at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.</note><note type="content">*Disclaimer: This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Defense, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.</note><note type="funding">US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs - No. PC051072; No. PC074307; </note><note type="funding">American Registry of Pathology - No. 1050‐3056; No. 1050‐3055; </note><note type="funding">American Institute of Cancer Research - No. 02A072; </note><note type="funding">National Cancer Institute CPCTR - No. 086753; </note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>PSA recurrence</topic><topic>zinc</topic><topic>iron</topic><topic>selenium</topic><topic>cadmium</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Prostate</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Prostate</title></titleInfo><note type="content"> Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.Supporting Info Item: Supplementary Data - </note><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0270-4137</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1097-0045</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0045</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">PROS</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>71</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1231</start><end>1238</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8E1F8DAAFAC3FE043EAB189CCBD9A89165AF53D1</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/pros.21339</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">PROS21339</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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