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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Satellite-Based Networking Implementation</title><author><name sortKey="Latourette, Matthew T" sort="Latourette, Matthew T" uniqKey="Latourette M" first="Matthew T." last="Latourette">Matthew T. Latourette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, James E" sort="Siebert, James E" uniqKey="Siebert J" first="James E." last="Siebert">James E. Siebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barto, Robert J" sort="Barto, Robert J" uniqKey="Barto R" first="Robert J." last="Barto">Robert J. Barto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marable, Kenneth L" sort="Marable, Kenneth L" uniqKey="Marable K" first="Kenneth L." last="Marable">Kenneth L. Marable</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muyepa, Anthony" sort="Muyepa, Anthony" uniqKey="Muyepa A" first="Anthony" last="Muyepa">Anthony Muyepa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Colleen A" sort="Hammond, Colleen A" uniqKey="Hammond C" first="Colleen A." last="Hammond">Colleen A. Hammond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potchen, Michael J" sort="Potchen, Michael J" uniqKey="Potchen M" first="Michael J." last="Potchen">Michael J. Potchen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kampondeni, Samuel D" sort="Kampondeni, Samuel D" uniqKey="Kampondeni S" first="Samuel D." last="Kampondeni">Samuel D. Kampondeni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Blantyre Malaria Project, College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Terrie E" sort="Taylor, Terrie E" uniqKey="Taylor T" first="Terrie E." last="Taylor">Terrie E. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Blantyre Malaria Project, College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20714916</idno><idno type="pmc">3033988</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033988</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3033988</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10278-010-9323-4</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000107</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000107</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Satellite-Based Networking Implementation</title><author><name sortKey="Latourette, Matthew T" sort="Latourette, Matthew T" uniqKey="Latourette M" first="Matthew T." last="Latourette">Matthew T. Latourette</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, James E" sort="Siebert, James E" uniqKey="Siebert J" first="James E." last="Siebert">James E. Siebert</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barto, Robert J" sort="Barto, Robert J" uniqKey="Barto R" first="Robert J." last="Barto">Robert J. Barto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marable, Kenneth L" sort="Marable, Kenneth L" uniqKey="Marable K" first="Kenneth L." last="Marable">Kenneth L. Marable</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muyepa, Anthony" sort="Muyepa, Anthony" uniqKey="Muyepa A" first="Anthony" last="Muyepa">Anthony Muyepa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Colleen A" sort="Hammond, Colleen A" uniqKey="Hammond C" first="Colleen A." last="Hammond">Colleen A. Hammond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potchen, Michael J" sort="Potchen, Michael J" uniqKey="Potchen M" first="Michael J." last="Potchen">Michael J. Potchen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kampondeni, Samuel D" sort="Kampondeni, Samuel D" uniqKey="Kampondeni S" first="Samuel D." last="Kampondeni">Samuel D. Kampondeni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Blantyre Malaria Project, College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Terrie E" sort="Taylor, Terrie E" uniqKey="Taylor T" first="Terrie E." last="Taylor">Terrie E. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Blantyre Malaria Project, College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Digital Imaging</title><idno type="ISSN">0897-1889</idno><idno type="eISSN">1618-727X</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>As part of an NIH-funded study of malaria pathogenesis, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging research facility was established in Blantyre, Malaŵi to enhance the clinical characterization of pediatric patients with cerebral malaria through application of neurological MR methods. The research program requires daily transmission of MR studies to Michigan State University (MSU) for clinical research interpretation and quantitative post-processing. An intercontinental satellite-based network was implemented for transmission of MR image data in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, research data collection, project communications, and remote systems administration. Satellite Internet service costs limited the bandwidth to symmetrical 384 kbit/s. DICOM routers deployed at both the Malaŵi MRI facility and MSU manage the end-to-end encrypted compressed data transmission. Network performance between DICOM routers was measured while transmitting both mixed clinical MR studies and synthetic studies. Effective network latency averaged 715 ms. Within a mix of clinical MR studies, the average transmission time for a 256 × 256 image was ~2.25 and ~6.25 s for a 512 × 512 image. Using synthetic studies of 1,000 duplicate images, the interquartile range for 256 × 256 images was [2.30, 2.36] s and [5.94, 6.05] s for 512 × 512 images. Transmission of clinical MRI studies between the DICOM routers averaged 9.35 images per minute, representing an effective channel utilization of ~137% of the 384-kbit/s satellite service as computed using uncompressed image file sizes (including the effects of image compression, protocol overhead, channel latency, etc.). Power unreliability was the primary cause of interrupted operations in the first year, including an outage exceeding 10 days.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Digit Imaging</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Digital Imaging</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0897-1889</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1618-727X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer-Verlag</publisher-name><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20714916</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3033988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10278-010-9323-4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Satellite-Based Networking Implementation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Latourette</surname><given-names>Matthew T.</given-names></name><address><phone>+1-517-8843222</phone><fax>+1-517-4322849</fax><email>Matt.Latourette@rad.msu.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Siebert</surname><given-names>James E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barto</surname><given-names>Robert J.</given-names><suffix>Jr.</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marable</surname><given-names>Kenneth L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muyepa</surname><given-names>Anthony</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hammond</surname><given-names>Colleen A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Potchen</surname><given-names>Michael J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kampondeni</surname><given-names>Samuel D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>Terrie E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 184 Radiology Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>Blantyre Malaria Project, College of Medicine, University of Malaŵi, Blantyre, Malaŵi</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>729</fpage><lpage>738</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine 2010</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>As part of an NIH-funded study of malaria pathogenesis, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging research facility was established in Blantyre, Malaŵi to enhance the clinical characterization of pediatric patients with cerebral malaria through application of neurological MR methods. The research program requires daily transmission of MR studies to Michigan State University (MSU) for clinical research interpretation and quantitative post-processing. An intercontinental satellite-based network was implemented for transmission of MR image data in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, research data collection, project communications, and remote systems administration. Satellite Internet service costs limited the bandwidth to symmetrical 384 kbit/s. DICOM routers deployed at both the Malaŵi MRI facility and MSU manage the end-to-end encrypted compressed data transmission. Network performance between DICOM routers was measured while transmitting both mixed clinical MR studies and synthetic studies. Effective network latency averaged 715 ms. Within a mix of clinical MR studies, the average transmission time for a 256 × 256 image was ~2.25 and ~6.25 s for a 512 × 512 image. Using synthetic studies of 1,000 duplicate images, the interquartile range for 256 × 256 images was [2.30, 2.36] s and [5.94, 6.05] s for 512 × 512 images. Transmission of clinical MRI studies between the DICOM routers averaged 9.35 images per minute, representing an effective channel utilization of ~137% of the 384-kbit/s satellite service as computed using uncompressed image file sizes (including the effects of image compression, protocol overhead, channel latency, etc.). Power unreliability was the primary cause of interrupted operations in the first year, including an outage exceeding 10 days.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key words</title><kwd>Magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>computer networks</kwd><kwd>image distribution</kwd><kwd>wide area network (WAN)</kwd><kwd>brain imaging</kwd><kwd>satellite-based networks</kwd><kwd>sub-Saharan Africa</kwd><kwd>DICOM router</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine 2011</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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