Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries
Identifieur interne : 000005 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000004; suivant : 000006Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries
Auteurs : Miriam C J M. Sturkenboom ; Katia M C. Verhamme ; Alfredo Nicolosi ; Macey L. Murray ; Antje Neubert ; Daan Caudri ; Gino Picelli ; Elif Fatma Sen ; Carlo Giaquinto ; Luigi Cantarutti ; Paola Baiardi ; Maria-Grazia Felisi ; Adriana Ceci ; Ian C K. WongSource :
- BMJ [ 0959-8138 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. Design Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. Setting Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). Participants 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). Main outcome measure Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class. Results Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (<1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label. Conclusion This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.
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DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a2245
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Sturkenboom</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: m.sturkenboom@erasmusmc.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verhamme, Katia M C" sort="Verhamme, Katia M C" uniqKey="Verhamme K" first="Katia M C" last="Verhamme">Katia M C. Verhamme</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolosi, Alfredo" sort="Nicolosi, Alfredo" uniqKey="Nicolosi A" first="Alfredo" last="Nicolosi">Alfredo Nicolosi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>GH Sergievsky Center, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, US</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Macey L" sort="Murray, Macey L" uniqKey="Murray M" first="Macey L" last="Murray">Macey L. Murray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neubert, Antje" sort="Neubert, Antje" uniqKey="Neubert A" first="Antje" last="Neubert">Antje Neubert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caudri, Daan" sort="Caudri, Daan" uniqKey="Caudri D" first="Daan" last="Caudri">Daan Caudri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Picelli, Gino" sort="Picelli, Gino" uniqKey="Picelli G" first="Gino" last="Picelli">Gino Picelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>International Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Centre, 20033 Desio, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sen, Elif Fatma" sort="Sen, Elif Fatma" uniqKey="Sen E" first="Elif Fatma" last="Sen">Elif Fatma Sen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giaquinto, Carlo" sort="Giaquinto, Carlo" uniqKey="Giaquinto C" first="Carlo" last="Giaquinto">Carlo Giaquinto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Padua, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cantarutti, Luigi" sort="Cantarutti, Luigi" uniqKey="Cantarutti L" first="Luigi" last="Cantarutti">Luigi Cantarutti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Società Servizi Telematici 35138 Padua, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baiardi, Paola" sort="Baiardi, Paola" uniqKey="Baiardi P" first="Paola" last="Baiardi">Paola Baiardi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felisi, Maria Grazia" sort="Felisi, Maria Grazia" uniqKey="Felisi M" first="Maria-Grazia" last="Felisi">Maria-Grazia Felisi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ceci, Adriana" sort="Ceci, Adriana" uniqKey="Ceci A" first="Adriana" last="Ceci">Adriana Ceci</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Ian C K" sort="Wong, Ian C K" uniqKey="Wong I" first="Ian C K" last="Wong">Ian C K. Wong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">BMJ</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BMJ</title><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-5833</idno><imprint><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><date type="published" when="2008">2008</date><biblScope unit="volume">337</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></series><idno type="istex">1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.a2245</idno><idno type="href">bmj-337-bmj-a2245.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">stum531863</idno><idno type="PMID">19029175</idno><idno type="local">bmj;337/nov24_2/a2245</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0959-8138</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Objective To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. Design Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. Setting Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). Participants 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). Main outcome measure Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class. Results Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (<1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label. Conclusion This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Miriam C J M Sturkenboom</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</json:string><json:string>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands</json:string><json:string>E-mail: m.sturkenboom@erasmusmc.nl</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Katia M C Verhamme</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alfredo Nicolosi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy</json:string><json:string>GH Sergievsky Center, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, US</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Macey L Murray</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Antje Neubert</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Daan Caudri</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Gino Picelli</name><affiliations><json:string>International Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Centre, 20033 Desio, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elif Fatma Sen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carlo Giaquinto</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Padua, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Luigi Cantarutti</name><affiliations><json:string>Società Servizi Telematici 35138 Padua, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paola Baiardi</name><affiliations><json:string>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maria-Grazia Felisi</name><affiliations><json:string>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Adriana Ceci</name><affiliations><json:string>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ian C K Wong</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Epidemiologic studies</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>General practice / family medicine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Immunology (including allergy)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Contraception</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Reproductive medicine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Chemotherapy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Child health</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Asthma</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Drugs: respiratory system</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>stum531863</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objective To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. Design Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. Setting Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). Participants 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). Main outcome measure Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class. Results Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (>1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label. Conclusion This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.82</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>10</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1627</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6109</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>48629</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>235</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</title><pmid><json:string>19029175</json:string></pmid><genre.original><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre.original><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>337</volume><publisherId><json:string>bmj</json:string></publisherId><issn><json:string>0959-8138</json:string></issn><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-5833</json:string></eissn><title>BMJ</title></host><publicationDate>2008</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2008</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1136/bmj.a2245</json:string></doi><id>1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2008-11-24</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</title><author corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">Miriam C J M</forename><surname>Sturkenboom</surname></persName><email>m.sturkenboom@erasmusmc.nl</email><note type="biography">professor in analysis of observational data</note><affiliation>professor in analysis of observational data</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Katia M C</forename><surname>Verhamme</surname></persName><note type="biography">assistant professor in pharmacoepidemiology</note><affiliation>assistant professor in pharmacoepidemiology</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Alfredo</forename><surname>Nicolosi</surname></persName><note type="biography">director</note><affiliation>director</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>GH Sergievsky Center, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, US</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Macey L</forename><surname>Murray</surname></persName><note type="biography">teaching and research fellow</note><affiliation>teaching and research fellow</affiliation><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Antje</forename><surname>Neubert</surname></persName><note type="biography">postdoctoral research fellow</note><affiliation>postdoctoral research fellow</affiliation><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Daan</forename><surname>Caudri</surname></persName><note type="biography">researcher</note><affiliation>researcher</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Gino</forename><surname>Picelli</surname></persName><note type="biography">analyst</note><affiliation>analyst</affiliation><affiliation>International Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Centre, 20033 Desio, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Elif Fatma</forename><surname>Sen</surname></persName><note type="biography">PhD student</note><affiliation>PhD student</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Carlo</forename><surname>Giaquinto</surname></persName><note type="biography">head of clinical research unit</note><affiliation>head of clinical research unit</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Padua, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Luigi</forename><surname>Cantarutti</surname></persName><note type="biography">director</note><affiliation>director</affiliation><affiliation>Società Servizi Telematici 35138 Padua, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Paola</forename><surname>Baiardi</surname></persName><note type="biography">director</note><affiliation>director</affiliation><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Maria-Grazia</forename><surname>Felisi</surname></persName><note type="biography">researcher</note><affiliation>researcher</affiliation><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Adriana</forename><surname>Ceci</surname></persName><note type="biography">scientific coordinator</note><affiliation>scientific coordinator</affiliation><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ian C K</forename><surname>Wong</surname></persName><note type="biography">professor of paediatric medicines research</note><affiliation>professor of paediatric medicines research</affiliation><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">BMJ</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BMJ</title><idno type="pISSN">0959-8138</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-5833</idno><imprint><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><date type="published" when="2008"></date><biblScope unit="volume">337</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.a2245</idno><idno type="href">bmj-337-bmj-a2245.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">stum531863</idno><idno type="PMID">19029175</idno><idno type="local">bmj;337/nov24_2/a2245</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2008-11-24</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Objective To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. Design Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. Setting Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). Participants 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). Main outcome measure Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class. Results Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (<1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label. Conclusion This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Epidemiologic studies</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>General practice / family medicine</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Immunology (including allergy)</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Contraception</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Reproductive medicine</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Chemotherapy</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Child health</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Asthma</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Drugs: respiratory system</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-11-24">Created</change><change when="2008">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-14">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bmj</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMJ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmj</journal-id><journal-title>BMJ</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BMJ</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0959-8138</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-5833</issn><publisher><publisher-name>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">stum531863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmj.a2245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj;337/nov24_2/a2245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">nov24_2</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19029175</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.a2245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bmj.a2245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Epidemiologic studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>General practice / family medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Immunology (including allergy)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Contraception</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Reproductive medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Chemotherapy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Child health</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Asthma</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Drugs: respiratory system</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Sturkenboom</surname><given-names>Miriam C J M</given-names></name><role>professor in analysis of observational data</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Verhamme</surname><given-names>Katia M C</given-names></name><role>assistant professor in pharmacoepidemiology</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Nicolosi</surname><given-names>Alfredo</given-names></name><role>director</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><role>senior associate research scientist</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>Macey L</given-names></name><role>teaching and research fellow</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Neubert</surname><given-names>Antje</given-names></name><role>postdoctoral research fellow</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Caudri</surname><given-names>Daan</given-names></name><role>researcher</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Picelli</surname><given-names>Gino</given-names></name><role>analyst</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Sen</surname><given-names>Elif Fatma</given-names></name><role>PhD student</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Giaquinto</surname><given-names>Carlo</given-names></name><role>head of clinical research unit</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Cantarutti</surname><given-names>Luigi</given-names></name><role>director</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Baiardi</surname><given-names>Paola</given-names></name><role>director</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Felisi</surname><given-names>Maria-Grazia</given-names></name><role>researcher</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Ceci</surname><given-names>Adriana</given-names></name><role>scientific coordinator</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Ian C K</given-names></name><role>professor of paediatric medicines research</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><on-behalf-of>on behalf of the TEDDY European Network of Excellence</on-behalf-of><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>GH Sergievsky Center, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, US</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>International Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Centre, 20033 Desio, Italy</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Padua, Italy</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>Società Servizi Telematici 35138 Padua, Italy</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: M C J M Sturkenboom <email>m.sturkenboom@erasmusmc.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>337</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">337</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">337</volume-id><elocation-id>a2245</elocation-id><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day><month>September</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Sturkenboom et al 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Sturkenboom et al</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="bmj-337-bmj-a2245.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p><bold>Objective</bold> To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries.</p><p><bold>Design</bold> Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5.</p><p><bold>Setting</bold> Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet).</p><p><bold>Participants</bold> 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands).</p><p><bold>Main outcome measure</bold> Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class.</p><p><bold>Results</bold> Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (<1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold> This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Miriam C J M</namePart><namePart type="family">Sturkenboom</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: m.sturkenboom@erasmusmc.nl</affiliation><description>professor in analysis of observational data</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katia M C</namePart><namePart type="family">Verhamme</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><description>assistant professor in pharmacoepidemiology</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alfredo</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicolosi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>GH Sergievsky Center, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, US</affiliation><description>director</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Macey L</namePart><namePart type="family">Murray</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation><description>teaching and research fellow</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Antje</namePart><namePart type="family">Neubert</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation><description>postdoctoral research fellow</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daan</namePart><namePart type="family">Caudri</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><description>researcher</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gino</namePart><namePart type="family">Picelli</namePart><affiliation>International Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Centre, 20033 Desio, Italy</affiliation><description>analyst</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elif Fatma</namePart><namePart type="family">Sen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands</affiliation><description>PhD student</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carlo</namePart><namePart type="family">Giaquinto</namePart><affiliation>Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Padua, Italy</affiliation><description>head of clinical research unit</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Luigi</namePart><namePart type="family">Cantarutti</namePart><affiliation>Società Servizi Telematici 35138 Padua, Italy</affiliation><description>director</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paola</namePart><namePart type="family">Baiardi</namePart><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation><description>director</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maria-Grazia</namePart><namePart type="family">Felisi</namePart><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation><description>researcher</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Adriana</namePart><namePart type="family">Ceci</namePart><affiliation>Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, 27100 Pavia, Italy</affiliation><description>scientific coordinator</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ian C K</namePart><namePart type="family">Wong</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1AX</affiliation><description>professor of paediatric medicines research</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Epidemiologic studies</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>General practice / family medicine</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Immunology (including allergy)</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Contraception</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Reproductive medicine</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Chemotherapy</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Child health</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Asthma</topic></subject><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Drugs: respiratory system</topic></subject><originInfo><publisher>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2008-11-24</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Objective To provide an overview of drug use in children in three European countries. Design Retrospective cohort study, 2000-5. Setting Primary care research databases in the Netherlands (IPCI), United Kingdom (IMS-DA), and Italy (Pedianet). Participants 675 868 children aged up to 14 (Italy) or 18 (UK and Netherlands). Main outcome measure Prevalence of use per year calculated by drug class (anatomical and therapeutic). Prevalence of “recurrent/chronic” use (three or more prescriptions a year) and “non-recurrent” or “acute” use (less than three prescriptions a year) within each therapeutic class. Descriptions of the top five most commonly used drugs evaluated for off label status within each anatomical class. Results Three levels of drug use could be distinguished in the study population: high (>10/100 children per year), moderate (1-10/100 children per year), and low (<1/100 children per year). For all age categories, anti-infective, dermatological, and respiratory drugs were in the high use group, whereas cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs were always in the low use group. Emollients, topical steroids, and asthma drugs had the highest prevalence of recurrent use, but relative use of low prevalence drugs was more often recurrent than acute. In the top five highest prevalence drugs topical inhaled and systemic steroids, oral contraceptives, and topical or systemic antifungal drugs were most commonly used off label. Conclusion This overview of outpatient paediatric prescription patterns in a large European population could provide information to prioritise paediatric therapeutic research needs.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BMJ</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0959-8138</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-5833</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">bmj</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">BMJ</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>337</number></detail></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/bmj.a2245</identifier><identifier type="href">bmj-337-bmj-a2245.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">stum531863</identifier><identifier type="PMID">19029175</identifier><identifier type="local">bmj;337/nov24_2/a2245</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>BMJ</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Sturkenboom et al</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><annexes><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><extension>jpeg</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1875612FEB7E6F371BD0A200D80D6C7A3CAA3B59/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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