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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Dietary sodium intake is associated with total fluid and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in US children and adolescents aged 2–18 y: NHANES 2005–2008<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Grimes, Carley A" sort="Grimes, Carley A" uniqKey="Grimes C" first="Carley A" last="Grimes">Carley A. Grimes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Jacqueline D" sort="Wright, Jacqueline D" uniqKey="Wright J" first="Jacqueline D" last="Wright">Jacqueline D. Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Kiang" sort="Liu, Kiang" uniqKey="Liu K" first="Kiang" last="Liu">Kiang Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nowson, Caryl A" sort="Nowson, Caryl A" uniqKey="Nowson C" first="Caryl A" last="Nowson">Caryl A. Nowson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loria, Catherine M" sort="Loria, Catherine M" uniqKey="Loria C" first="Catherine M" last="Loria">Catherine M. Loria</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23676421</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3683818</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683818</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3683818</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3945/ajcn.112.051508</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000055</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000055</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Dietary sodium intake is associated with total fluid and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in US children and adolescents aged 2–18 y: NHANES 2005–2008<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Grimes, Carley A" sort="Grimes, Carley A" uniqKey="Grimes C" first="Carley A" last="Grimes">Carley A. Grimes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, Jacqueline D" sort="Wright, Jacqueline D" uniqKey="Wright J" first="Jacqueline D" last="Wright">Jacqueline D. Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Kiang" sort="Liu, Kiang" uniqKey="Liu K" first="Kiang" last="Liu">Kiang Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nowson, Caryl A" sort="Nowson, Caryl A" uniqKey="Nowson C" first="Caryl A" last="Nowson">Caryl A. Nowson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loria, Catherine M" sort="Loria, Catherine M" uniqKey="Loria C" first="Catherine M" last="Loria">Catherine M. Loria</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0002-9165</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1938-3207</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold>
Increasing dietary sodium drives the thirst response. Because sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are frequently consumed by children, sodium intake may drive greater consumption of SSBs and contribute to obesity risk.</p>
<p><bold>Objective:</bold>
We examined the association between dietary sodium, total fluid, and SSB consumption in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents aged 2–18 y.</p>
<p><bold>Design:</bold>
We analyzed cross-sectional data from NHANES 2005–2008. Dietary sodium, fluid, and SSB intakes were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess associations between sodium, fluid, and SSBs adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnic group, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), and energy intake.</p>
<p><bold>Results:</bold>
Of 6400 participants, 51.3% (<italic>n</italic>
= 3230) were males, and the average (±SEM) age was 10.1 ± 0.1 y. The average sodium intake was 3056 ± 48 mg/d (equivalent to 7.8 ± 0.1 g salt/d). Dietary sodium intake was positively associated with fluid consumption (<italic>r</italic>
= 0.42, <italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, race-ethnic group, SES, and BMI, each additional 390 mg Na/d (1 g salt/d) was associated with a 74-g/d greater intake of fluid (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). In consumers of SSBs (<italic>n</italic>
= 4443; 64%), each additional 390 mg Na/d (1 g salt/d) was associated with a 32-g/d higher intake of SSBs (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnic group, SES, and energy intake.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions:</bold>
Dietary sodium is positively associated with fluid consumption and predicted SSB consumption in consumers of SSBs. The high dietary sodium intake of US children and adolescents may contribute to a greater consumption of SSBs, identifying a possible link between dietary sodium intake and excess energy intake.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Clin Nutr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am. J. Clin. Nutr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ajcn</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9165</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1938-3207</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Nutrition</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23676421</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3683818</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">051508</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3945/ajcn.112.051508</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Dietary sodium intake is associated with total fluid and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in US children and adolescents aged 2–18 y: NHANES 2005–2008<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grimes</surname>
<given-names>Carley A</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>Jacqueline D</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Kiang</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nowson</surname>
<given-names>Caryl A</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Loria</surname>
<given-names>Catherine M</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia (CAG and CAN); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (JDW and CML); and the Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (KL).</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><fn id="fn1"><label>2</label>
<p>Supported by the Helen MacPherson Smith Trust and a postgraduate scholarship from the National Heart Foundation (Australia).</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>3</label>
Address reprint requests and correspondence to CM Loria, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Suite 10018, Bethesda, MD 20892-7936. E-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">loriac@mail.nih.gov</email>
.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pmc-comment>Fake ppub date generated by PMC from publisher pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>98</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>196</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 American Society for Nutrition</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><bold>Background:</bold>
Increasing dietary sodium drives the thirst response. Because sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are frequently consumed by children, sodium intake may drive greater consumption of SSBs and contribute to obesity risk.</p>
<p><bold>Objective:</bold>
We examined the association between dietary sodium, total fluid, and SSB consumption in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents aged 2–18 y.</p>
<p><bold>Design:</bold>
We analyzed cross-sectional data from NHANES 2005–2008. Dietary sodium, fluid, and SSB intakes were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess associations between sodium, fluid, and SSBs adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnic group, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), and energy intake.</p>
<p><bold>Results:</bold>
Of 6400 participants, 51.3% (<italic>n</italic>
= 3230) were males, and the average (±SEM) age was 10.1 ± 0.1 y. The average sodium intake was 3056 ± 48 mg/d (equivalent to 7.8 ± 0.1 g salt/d). Dietary sodium intake was positively associated with fluid consumption (<italic>r</italic>
= 0.42, <italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, race-ethnic group, SES, and BMI, each additional 390 mg Na/d (1 g salt/d) was associated with a 74-g/d greater intake of fluid (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001). In consumers of SSBs (<italic>n</italic>
= 4443; 64%), each additional 390 mg Na/d (1 g salt/d) was associated with a 32-g/d higher intake of SSBs (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnic group, SES, and energy intake.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions:</bold>
Dietary sodium is positively associated with fluid consumption and predicted SSB consumption in consumers of SSBs. The high dietary sodium intake of US children and adolescents may contribute to a greater consumption of SSBs, identifying a possible link between dietary sodium intake and excess energy intake.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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