Palaeoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in marine deposits: an outlook from the continental origin
Identifieur interne : 002955 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 002954; suivant : 002956Palaeoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in marine deposits: an outlook from the continental origin
Auteurs : Médard Thiry [France]Source :
- Earth-Science Reviews [ 0012-8252 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Academic press, Advective marine currents, Alunite, Ancient bauxite, Appalachian piedmont, Argiles, Arid areas, Assemblage, Atlantic ocean, Australian regolith, Authigenic ferruginous minerals, Bardossy, Basic zonation, Basin, Bauxite, Bauxite deposits, Bauxitic, Bauxitic palaeosurfaces, Biscaye, Bleached profiles, Broad palaeoclimatic information, Calcareous soils, Carte geol, Case studies, Chamley, Chemical weathering, Chivas, Clastic sediments, Clay mineral assemblages, Clay mineral content, Clay mineral distribution, Clay mineral distributions, Clay mineral series, Clay mineralogy, Clay minerals, Climatic, Climatic change, Climatic changes, Climatic conditions, Climatic signal, Climatic significance, Climatic zones, Cold conditions, Common marine deposits, Contemporary climates, Continental deposits, Continental embankment, Cretaceous, Cretaceous period, Cretaceous shale, Cretaceous times, Deep kaolinitic profiles, Deepest part, Deposit, Detrital, Early diagenesis, East africa, Eastern part, Elsevier, Elsevier science, Field relationships, Final deposition, Flood plains, French guiana, Geochemical, Geol, Geological record, Geological times, Glacial erosion, High latitudes, Huge amounts, Indian ocean, International seminar, Kaolinite, Kaolinite distribution, Kaolinitic, Kaolinitic clays, Kaolinitic profiles, Kaolinitic soils, Kaolinitic weathering profiles, Late palaeozoic, Laterite, Lateritic, Lateritic profiles, Lateritisation processes, Latitudinal distribution, Long time, Main part, Major kaolinitic, Marine basins, Marine clay, Marine clay assemblages, Marine clay minerals, Marine clays, Marine deposits, Marine environment, Marine sediments, Mature soils, Microfossil studies, Middle miocene, Mineral, Mineraux argileux, Misleading palaeoenvironments, Modern marine deposits, Modern oceans, Modern sediments, More attention, Nile river, Northern israel, Numerous studies, Other hand, Other techniques, Palaeoclimatic, Palaeoclimatic changes, Palaeoclimatic interpretation, Palaeoclimatic interpretations, Palaeoclimatic reconstructions, Palaeoclimatic record, Palaeoclimatic signal, Palaeoclimatic significance, Palaeosols, Palaeosurfaces, Palaeoweathering, Palaeoweathering profiles, Paleoclimatic interpretation, Paleoenvironmental interpretation, Paleoweathering, Paris basin, Petrol, Profile, Project proceedings, Quantitative point, Recent sediments, Relative stability, Retrospective analysis, Reworking, Same degree, Saprolite, Sediment, Sedimentary, Sedimentary basins, Sedimentary budget, Sedimentary clay minerals, Sedimentary deposits, Sedimentary record, Sedimentation, Small amounts, Smectite, Smectite enrichment, Smectites, Smectitic, Smectitic palaeosols, Smectitic soils, Smectitic vertisols, Soil clay assemblages, Soil formation, Soil formation rates, Soil micromorphology, Sols tropicaux, Sparnacian deposits, Such environments, Surface sediments, Temperate soils, Temporary climates, Terrigenous, Terrigenous inputs, Tertiary, Thiry, Transport processes, Tropical areas, Tropical climates, Tropical landscapes, Tropical soils, Vertisols, Weathering, Weathering features, Weathering profiles, Weathering rates, West africa, Western australia, Western europe, Wide areas, World oceans.
Abstract
Abstract: As distribution of clay minerals in modern oceans seems to be controlled by contemporary climates, marine clays in ancient deposits have been widely used to reconstruct palaeoclimates. In this review, we examine this question mainly from the continental origin of the clay minerals and show the difficulties of retrospective analysis of the influence of climate on common marine deposits. We examine successively how soils develop and behave, are reworked and palaeoweatherings are preserved, focusing the review on kaolinitic soils indicative of tropical wet climates. Several stages intervene between the time of clay mineral development in soils and their final deposition in the basin: (1) The persistence over geological times of huge amounts of kaolinitic palaeoweathering materials in the landscapes may seriously alter the palaeoclimatic signal of kaolinite in the sedimentary record. Although the kaolinite deposited in recent sediments of the world oceans is consistent with wet climatic zones, this is mainly because the major kaolinitic and bauxitic palaeosurfaces coincide with the tropical areas where kaolinite is still developing at present. (2) Possible development of deep kaolinitic profiles at high latitudes and cold conditions, under CO2-enriched palaeoatmospheres, or even by unusual acidic weathering linked with dry climates is misleading palaeoenvironments for palaeoclimatic reconstruction. (3) Erosion and transport processes always cloud the signal to some extent, because frequently, erosion products from the bedrock and different soil horizons will be mixed and major drainage systems may include soils of different climatic zones. (4) The arrival of the soil clay assemblages in the basin inevitably lags against their formation on the continent and may occur several million years after formation of the soils on the continent and climate may have considerably changed at that time. It is pointed out that sedimentologists and palaeoclimatologists should consider the complexity of the relations between soil and sedimentary clay minerals. Soil formation rates are slow and therefore the resolution of the palaeoclimatic record in marine clay may not be closer than 1 or 2 Ma. At present, the palaeoclimatic interpretations of marine clay assemblages are yielding, at best, nothing more than rather broad palaeoclimatic information. This approach cannot achieve the same degree of resolution as other techniques such as isotope or microfossil studies. Clay mineral assemblages may provide integrated records of overall climatic impacts, whereas other techniques are more likely to reveal local or temporary climates.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00054-9
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<term>Bleached profiles</term>
<term>Broad palaeoclimatic information</term>
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<term>Case studies</term>
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<term>Climatic significance</term>
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<term>Common marine deposits</term>
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<term>Sparnacian deposits</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: As distribution of clay minerals in modern oceans seems to be controlled by contemporary climates, marine clays in ancient deposits have been widely used to reconstruct palaeoclimates. In this review, we examine this question mainly from the continental origin of the clay minerals and show the difficulties of retrospective analysis of the influence of climate on common marine deposits. We examine successively how soils develop and behave, are reworked and palaeoweatherings are preserved, focusing the review on kaolinitic soils indicative of tropical wet climates. Several stages intervene between the time of clay mineral development in soils and their final deposition in the basin: (1) The persistence over geological times of huge amounts of kaolinitic palaeoweathering materials in the landscapes may seriously alter the palaeoclimatic signal of kaolinite in the sedimentary record. Although the kaolinite deposited in recent sediments of the world oceans is consistent with wet climatic zones, this is mainly because the major kaolinitic and bauxitic palaeosurfaces coincide with the tropical areas where kaolinite is still developing at present. (2) Possible development of deep kaolinitic profiles at high latitudes and cold conditions, under CO2-enriched palaeoatmospheres, or even by unusual acidic weathering linked with dry climates is misleading palaeoenvironments for palaeoclimatic reconstruction. (3) Erosion and transport processes always cloud the signal to some extent, because frequently, erosion products from the bedrock and different soil horizons will be mixed and major drainage systems may include soils of different climatic zones. (4) The arrival of the soil clay assemblages in the basin inevitably lags against their formation on the continent and may occur several million years after formation of the soils on the continent and climate may have considerably changed at that time. It is pointed out that sedimentologists and palaeoclimatologists should consider the complexity of the relations between soil and sedimentary clay minerals. Soil formation rates are slow and therefore the resolution of the palaeoclimatic record in marine clay may not be closer than 1 or 2 Ma. At present, the palaeoclimatic interpretations of marine clay assemblages are yielding, at best, nothing more than rather broad palaeoclimatic information. This approach cannot achieve the same degree of resolution as other techniques such as isotope or microfossil studies. Clay mineral assemblages may provide integrated records of overall climatic impacts, whereas other techniques are more likely to reveal local or temporary climates.</div>
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