From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories
Identifieur interne : 000672 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000671; suivant : 000673From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories
Auteurs : Nathan Bos ; Ann Zimmerman ; Judith Olson ; Jude Yew ; Jason Yerkie ; Erik Dahl ; Gary OlsonSource :
- Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication [ 1083-6101 ] ; 2007-01.
Abstract
Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five‐year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven‐category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00343.x
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<note type="biography">Nathan Bos is a Senior Staff Researcher in Cognitive Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. His research is in computer‐supported cooperative work and long‐distance scientific collaborations. He has published recently on partially‐distributed collaborations and use of multi‐player simulations for learning. Address: 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723 USA</note>
<affiliation>Nathan Bos is a Senior Staff Researcher in Cognitive Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. His research is in computer‐supported cooperative work and long‐distance scientific collaborations. He has published recently on partially‐distributed collaborations and use of multi‐player simulations for learning. Address: 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Ann Zimmerman is a research fellow in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include the design, use, and impact of cyberinfrastructure; the sharing and reuse of scientific data; and the effects of large‐scale collaborations on science policy and research management. Address: 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</note>
<affiliation>Ann Zimmerman is a research fellow in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include the design, use, and impact of cyberinfrastructure; the sharing and reuse of scientific data; and the effects of large‐scale collaborations on science policy and research management. Address: 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Judith Olson is Professor in the School of Information, Ross School of Business and the Psychology Department, and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the School of Information, all at the University of Michigan. Her research interests are in the area of distance work, doing fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and agent based modeling, in science, engineering, non‐profits, and corporations. She is trying to uncover the pitfalls of distance work and design either new social practices or technologies to overcome them. Address: 550 E. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA</note>
<affiliation>Judith Olson is Professor in the School of Information, Ross School of Business and the Psychology Department, and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the School of Information, all at the University of Michigan. Her research interests are in the area of distance work, doing fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and agent based modeling, in science, engineering, non‐profits, and corporations. She is trying to uncover the pitfalls of distance work and design either new social practices or technologies to overcome them. Address: 550 E. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Jude Yew is a doctoral student in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research interests include cognition and learning through the use of technology. In particular he is interested in how social software can aid in the formation of group knowledge. Address: School of Information North, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</note>
<affiliation>Jude Yew is a doctoral student in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research interests include cognition and learning through the use of technology. In particular he is interested in how social software can aid in the formation of group knowledge. Address: School of Information North, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Jason Yerkie is a strategic research consultant with the Sales Executive Council at the Corporate Executive Board. His research interests are the organizational and financial performance impacts of business process re‐engineering initiatives and decision support systems in Global 1000 companies. Address: 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, D.C. 20006 USA</note>
<affiliation>Jason Yerkie is a strategic research consultant with the Sales Executive Council at the Corporate Executive Board. His research interests are the organizational and financial performance impacts of business process re‐engineering initiatives and decision support systems in Global 1000 companies. Address: 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, D.C. 20006 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Erik Dahl is an interaction designer and anthropologist in the Human Sciences Group at MAYA Design, Inc. His research interests are information‐centric computing architectures and interface design; the social impacts of new media and pervasive computing on work practices; semiotic meaning creation within fields of technological distantiation; emergent innovation within complex systems; and the practical application of social and information theory to product design. Address: SouthSide Works, Building 2, Suite 300, 2730 Sidney St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA</note>
<affiliation>Erik Dahl is an interaction designer and anthropologist in the Human Sciences Group at MAYA Design, Inc. His research interests are information‐centric computing architectures and interface design; the social impacts of new media and pervasive computing on work practices; semiotic meaning creation within fields of technological distantiation; emergent innovation within complex systems; and the practical application of social and information theory to product design. Address: SouthSide Works, Building 2, Suite 300, 2730 Sidney St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA</affiliation>
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<note type="biography">Gary M. Olson is Paul M. Fitts Professor of Human‐Computer Interaction at the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research investigates the socio‐technical factors involved in geographically‐distributed science and engineering. Address: School of Information, University of Michigan, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</note>
<affiliation>Gary M. Olson is Paul M. Fitts Professor of Human‐Computer Interaction at the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research investigates the socio‐technical factors involved in geographically‐distributed science and engineering. Address: School of Information, University of Michigan, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</affiliation>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p> <i>Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five‐year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven‐category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.</i>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nathan</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bos</namePart>
<affiliation>Applied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins</affiliation>
<description>Nathan Bos is a Senior Staff Researcher in Cognitive Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. His research is in computer‐supported cooperative work and long‐distance scientific collaborations. He has published recently on partially‐distributed collaborations and use of multi‐player simulations for learning. Address: 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723 USA</description>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ann</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Zimmerman</namePart>
<affiliation>School of InformationUniversity of Michigan</affiliation>
<description>Ann Zimmerman is a research fellow in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include the design, use, and impact of cyberinfrastructure; the sharing and reuse of scientific data; and the effects of large‐scale collaborations on science policy and research management. Address: 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</description>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Judith</namePart>
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<affiliation>School of InformationUniversity of Michigan</affiliation>
<description>Judith Olson is Professor in the School of Information, Ross School of Business and the Psychology Department, and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the School of Information, all at the University of Michigan. Her research interests are in the area of distance work, doing fieldwork, laboratory experiments, and agent based modeling, in science, engineering, non‐profits, and corporations. She is trying to uncover the pitfalls of distance work and design either new social practices or technologies to overcome them. Address: 550 E. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA</description>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jude</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yew</namePart>
<affiliation>School of InformationUniversity of Michigan</affiliation>
<description>Jude Yew is a doctoral student in the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research interests include cognition and learning through the use of technology. In particular he is interested in how social software can aid in the formation of group knowledge. Address: School of Information North, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</description>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jason</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yerkie</namePart>
<affiliation>Corporate Executive Board</affiliation>
<description>Jason Yerkie is a strategic research consultant with the Sales Executive Council at the Corporate Executive Board. His research interests are the organizational and financial performance impacts of business process re‐engineering initiatives and decision support systems in Global 1000 companies. Address: 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, D.C. 20006 USA</description>
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<description>Erik Dahl is an interaction designer and anthropologist in the Human Sciences Group at MAYA Design, Inc. His research interests are information‐centric computing architectures and interface design; the social impacts of new media and pervasive computing on work practices; semiotic meaning creation within fields of technological distantiation; emergent innovation within complex systems; and the practical application of social and information theory to product design. Address: SouthSide Works, Building 2, Suite 300, 2730 Sidney St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA</description>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gary</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Olson</namePart>
<affiliation>School of InformationUniversity of Michigan</affiliation>
<description>Gary M. Olson is Paul M. Fitts Professor of Human‐Computer Interaction at the School of Information at the University of Michigan. His research investigates the socio‐technical factors involved in geographically‐distributed science and engineering. Address: School of Information, University of Michigan, 1075 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐2112 USA</description>
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<abstract lang="en">Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five‐year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven‐category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.</abstract>
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<identifier type="ISSN">1083-6101</identifier>
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<part><date>2007</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>12</number>
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