Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids
Identifieur interne : 000608 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000607; suivant : 000609Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids
Auteurs : Nerida G. Wilson ; Greg W. RouseSource :
- Zoologica Scripta [ 0300-3256 ] ; 2010-11.
Abstract
Wilson, N. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids. —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 551–558. The phylogeny and classification of the charismatic Syngnathidae (e.g. pipefish, seahorses) has not been comprehensively examined to date. In particular, we assessed morphological hypotheses that previously suggested the three ‘seadragon’ genera (Phycodurus, Phyllopteryx, Haliichthys) do not form a monophyletic group. We used three mitochondrial markers to investigate evolutionary relationships within Syngnathidae, and demonstrated that Phycodurus + Phyllopteryx formed a clade that excluded Haliichthys, indicating the elaborate appendages used for camouflage have evolved independently. A time‐calibrated tree revealed the divergence of true seadragons as coincident with other kelp‐associated fauna. We found evidence for the resurrection of neglected subfamily names, and recovered Doryrhampinae, Nerophinae, Soleganthinae, Phyllopteryginae, Sygnathoidinae and Haliichthyinae as clades. Even after removing these groups from what is currently recognized as Syngnathinae, we showed that the remaining members of Syngnathinae are not monophyletic. In the light of this information, some conclusions about the diversity of reproductive strategies found within ‘Syngnathinae’ need to be re‐examined and further revision of syngnathid classification is needed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00449.x
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Wilson, N. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids. —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 551–558. The phylogeny and classification of the charismatic Syngnathidae (e.g. pipefish, seahorses) has not been comprehensively examined to date. In particular, we assessed morphological hypotheses that previously suggested the three ‘seadragon’ genera (Phycodurus, Phyllopteryx, Haliichthys) do not form a monophyletic group. We used three mitochondrial markers to investigate evolutionary relationships within Syngnathidae, and demonstrated that Phycodurus + Phyllopteryx formed a clade that excluded Haliichthys, indicating the elaborate appendages used for camouflage have evolved independently. A time‐calibrated tree revealed the divergence of true seadragons as coincident with other kelp‐associated fauna. We found evidence for the resurrection of neglected subfamily names, and recovered Doryrhampinae, Nerophinae, Soleganthinae, Phyllopteryginae, Sygnathoidinae and Haliichthyinae as clades. Even after removing these groups from what is currently recognized as Syngnathinae, we showed that the remaining members of Syngnathinae are not monophyletic. In the light of this information, some conclusions about the diversity of reproductive strategies found within ‘Syngnathinae’ need to be re‐examined and further revision of syngnathid classification is needed.</div>
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<correspondenceTo>Corresponding authors: <i>Nerida G. Wilson, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010 Australia; and Greg W. Rouse, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093‐0202, USA. E‐mails: </i>
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<contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Submitted: 23 April 2010 Accepted: 12 August 2010</unparsedEditorialHistory>
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<supportingInformation><p><b>Figure S1.</b>
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of syngnathids based on three mitochondrial genes, with support tested by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Support below 50 is not shown unless it appears alongside greater support at a node representative of relationships among subfamilial rankings. These nodes also show support values under Bayesian inference (posterior probabilities) and maximum parsimony (jackknife). *Support is for a node that does not include <i>Haliichthys</i>
. Square brackets surround <i>H.</i>
<i>grayi</i>
, indicating likely contamination of Cyt<i>b</i>
in NCBI.</p>
<p><b>Figure S2.</b>
beast (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees)‐generated chromogram showing relationships among Syngnathidae. Values given at nodes indicate the mean value of the 95% highest posterior density interval, which is highlighted by grey bars. Scale bar indicates time in millions of years.</p>
<p><b>Table S1.</b>
Primer combinations used in this study</p>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>Wilson, N. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids. —<i>Zoologica Scripta</i>
, <i>39</i>
, 551–558.</p>
<p>The phylogeny and classification of the charismatic Syngnathidae (e.g. pipefish, seahorses) has not been comprehensively examined to date. In particular, we assessed morphological hypotheses that previously suggested the three ‘seadragon’ genera (<i>Phycodurus</i>
, <i>Phyllopteryx</i>
, <i>Haliichthys</i>
) do not form a monophyletic group. We used three mitochondrial markers to investigate evolutionary relationships within Syngnathidae, and demonstrated that <i>Phycodurus </i>
+ <i>Phyllopteryx</i>
formed a clade that excluded <i>Haliichthys</i>
, indicating the elaborate appendages used for camouflage have evolved independently. A time‐calibrated tree revealed the divergence of true seadragons as coincident with other kelp‐associated fauna. We found evidence for the resurrection of neglected subfamily names, and recovered Doryrhampinae, Nerophinae, Soleganthinae, Phyllopteryginae, Sygnathoidinae and Haliichthyinae as clades. Even after removing these groups from what is currently recognized as Syngnathinae, we showed that the remaining members of Syngnathinae are not monophyletic. In the light of this information, some conclusions about the diversity of reproductive strategies found within ‘Syngnathinae’ need to be re‐examined and further revision of syngnathid classification is needed.</p>
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<abstract lang="en">Wilson, N. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Convergent camouflage and the non‐monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids. —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 551–558. The phylogeny and classification of the charismatic Syngnathidae (e.g. pipefish, seahorses) has not been comprehensively examined to date. In particular, we assessed morphological hypotheses that previously suggested the three ‘seadragon’ genera (Phycodurus, Phyllopteryx, Haliichthys) do not form a monophyletic group. We used three mitochondrial markers to investigate evolutionary relationships within Syngnathidae, and demonstrated that Phycodurus + Phyllopteryx formed a clade that excluded Haliichthys, indicating the elaborate appendages used for camouflage have evolved independently. A time‐calibrated tree revealed the divergence of true seadragons as coincident with other kelp‐associated fauna. We found evidence for the resurrection of neglected subfamily names, and recovered Doryrhampinae, Nerophinae, Soleganthinae, Phyllopteryginae, Sygnathoidinae and Haliichthyinae as clades. Even after removing these groups from what is currently recognized as Syngnathinae, we showed that the remaining members of Syngnathinae are not monophyletic. In the light of this information, some conclusions about the diversity of reproductive strategies found within ‘Syngnathinae’ need to be re‐examined and further revision of syngnathid classification is needed.</abstract>
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<note type="content"> Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of syngnathids based on three mitochondrial genes, with support tested by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Support below 50 is not shown unless it appears alongside greater support at a node representative of relationships among subfamilial rankings. These nodes also show support values under Bayesian inference (posterior probabilities) and maximum parsimony (jackknife). *Support is for a node that does not include Haliichthys. Square brackets surround H. grayi, indicating likely contamination of Cytb in NCBI. Figure S2. beast (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees)‐generated chromogram showing relationships among Syngnathidae. Values given at nodes indicate the mean value of the 95% highest posterior density interval, which is highlighted by grey bars. Scale bar indicates time in millions of years. Table S1. Primer combinations used in this study Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of syngnathids based on three mitochondrial genes, with support tested by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Support below 50 is not shown unless it appears alongside greater support at a node representative of relationships among subfamilial rankings. These nodes also show support values under Bayesian inference (posterior probabilities) and maximum parsimony (jackknife). *Support is for a node that does not include Haliichthys. Square brackets surround H. grayi, indicating likely contamination of Cytb in NCBI. Figure S2. beast (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees)‐generated chromogram showing relationships among Syngnathidae. Values given at nodes indicate the mean value of the 95% highest posterior density interval, which is highlighted by grey bars. Scale bar indicates time in millions of years. Table S1. Primer combinations used in this study Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of syngnathids based on three mitochondrial genes, with support tested by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Support below 50 is not shown unless it appears alongside greater support at a node representative of relationships among subfamilial rankings. These nodes also show support values under Bayesian inference (posterior probabilities) and maximum parsimony (jackknife). *Support is for a node that does not include Haliichthys. Square brackets surround H. grayi, indicating likely contamination of Cytb in NCBI. Figure S2. beast (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees)‐generated chromogram showing relationships among Syngnathidae. Values given at nodes indicate the mean value of the 95% highest posterior density interval, which is highlighted by grey bars. Scale bar indicates time in millions of years. Table S1. Primer combinations used in this studySupporting Info Item: Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - </note>
<identifier type="ISSN">0300-3256</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1463-6409</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1463-6409</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">ZSC</identifier>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>39</number>
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<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>6</number>
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<extent unit="pages"><start>551</start>
<end>558</end>
<total>8</total>
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<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00449.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">ZSC449</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 The Authors. Zoologica Scripta © 2010 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters</accessCondition>
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<recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin>
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