Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program
Identifieur interne : 000E67 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E66; suivant : 000E68Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program
Auteurs : Jiro Uozumi ; Yuji Tokuda ; Chisato Fujiyama ; Norito Takagi ; Hiroyuki Meiri ; Kazunari Kuratomi ; Kouji Nakamura ; Yasuhisa Ichigi ; Hidetoshi Yoshinaga ; Norio Kinoshita ; Zenjiro MasakiSource :
- International Journal of Urology [ 0919-8172 ] ; 2002-06.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Annual changes, Annual report, Atypical gland, Biological variation, Biopsy, Curable prostate cancer, Detection rate, Early detection, Gunma prefecture, Imari, Imari district, Imari prostate cancer screening program, Initial level, Initial prostate antigen levels, Japanese foundation, Lower limit, Mass screening, Mass screenings, Other hand, Overall detection rate, Possible indications, Prostate, Prostate antigen, Prostate biopsies, Prostate biopsy, Prostate cancer, Prostate research, Screening, Screening program, Screening system, Second examination step, Upper limit, Urology.
Abstract
Background: Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.
Methods: Prostate specific antigen‐based annual mass screenings for prostate cancer were conducted for men aged 60–69 in the Imari district, Saga, Japan. Between 1992 and 2000, 1822 men had their PSA levels tested. A total of 4661 PSA tests were conducted. Changes in PSA levels over the following 1 to 5 years were analyzed in men with PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or less, a range in which the detection rate of prostate cancer would seem to be negligibly low.
Results: The overall detection rate of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 0.73%. The detection rate in men with a PSA level between 3.1 and 3.9 ng/mL, and between 4 and 9.9 ng/mL was 1.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Of 4661 determinations of PSA, 2553 (54.8%) were found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL, 1273 (27.3%) were between 1.1 and 2 ng/mL, and 401 (8.6%) were between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL. Four hundred and thirty‐four men (9.3%) had PSA levels ≥ 3.1 ng/mL, with possible indications for prostate biopsy. Of the men tested, 1.4% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL and 22.3% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL had a PSA level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 1 year. Almost the same rate of PSA increase was observed between the two PSA tests conducted at 2 to 5‐year intervals. Of the men tested, 2.2% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL, and 21.9% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL, had a level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 5 years.
Conclusion: Levels of PSA in men with an initial level below 2 ng/mL remained stable for up to 5 years. Levels of PSA in 97.8– 98.8% of men remained below 3 ng/mL after 1 to 5 years. In contrast, 18–35.3% of men with an initial PSA level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL showed PSA progression to 3.1 ng/mL or more within 5 years. Our present data suggest that annual PSA testing is not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL. Prostate specific antigen testing could therefore be conducted at longer intervals in such individuals.
Url:
DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00474.x
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Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takagi, Norito" sort="Takagi, Norito" uniqKey="Takagi N" first="Norito" last="Takagi">Norito Takagi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meiri, Hiroyuki" sort="Meiri, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Meiri H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Meiri">Hiroyuki Meiri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuratomi, Kazunari" sort="Kuratomi, Kazunari" uniqKey="Kuratomi K" first="Kazunari" last="Kuratomi">Kazunari Kuratomi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Kouji" sort="Nakamura, Kouji" uniqKey="Nakamura K" first="Kouji" last="Nakamura">Kouji Nakamura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ichigi, Yasuhisa" sort="Ichigi, Yasuhisa" uniqKey="Ichigi Y" first="Yasuhisa" last="Ichigi">Yasuhisa Ichigi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshinaga, Hidetoshi" sort="Yoshinaga, Hidetoshi" uniqKey="Yoshinaga H" first="Hidetoshi" last="Yoshinaga">Hidetoshi Yoshinaga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinoshita, Norio" sort="Kinoshita, Norio" uniqKey="Kinoshita N" first="Norio" last="Kinoshita">Norio Kinoshita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masaki, Zenjiro" sort="Masaki, Zenjiro" uniqKey="Masaki Z" first="Zenjiro" last="Masaki">Zenjiro Masaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:3878374326823934FC5BFEF1C2B08329A9A0CB8B</idno><date when="2002" year="2002">2002</date><idno type="doi">10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00474.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000E67</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program</title><author><name sortKey="Uozumi, Jiro" sort="Uozumi, Jiro" uniqKey="Uozumi J" first="Jiro" last="Uozumi">Jiro Uozumi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tokuda, Yuji" sort="Tokuda, Yuji" uniqKey="Tokuda Y" first="Yuji" last="Tokuda">Yuji Tokuda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujiyama, Chisato" sort="Fujiyama, Chisato" uniqKey="Fujiyama C" first="Chisato" last="Fujiyama">Chisato Fujiyama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takagi, Norito" sort="Takagi, Norito" uniqKey="Takagi N" first="Norito" last="Takagi">Norito Takagi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meiri, Hiroyuki" sort="Meiri, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Meiri H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Meiri">Hiroyuki Meiri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuratomi, Kazunari" sort="Kuratomi, Kazunari" uniqKey="Kuratomi K" first="Kazunari" last="Kuratomi">Kazunari Kuratomi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Kouji" sort="Nakamura, Kouji" uniqKey="Nakamura K" first="Kouji" last="Nakamura">Kouji Nakamura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ichigi, Yasuhisa" sort="Ichigi, Yasuhisa" uniqKey="Ichigi Y" first="Yasuhisa" last="Ichigi">Yasuhisa Ichigi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshinaga, Hidetoshi" sort="Yoshinaga, Hidetoshi" uniqKey="Yoshinaga H" first="Hidetoshi" last="Yoshinaga">Hidetoshi Yoshinaga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kinoshita, Norio" sort="Kinoshita, Norio" uniqKey="Kinoshita N" first="Norio" last="Kinoshita">Norio Kinoshita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masaki, Zenjiro" sort="Masaki, Zenjiro" uniqKey="Masaki Z" first="Zenjiro" last="Masaki">Zenjiro Masaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Urology</title><title level="j" type="alt">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0919-8172</idno><idno type="eISSN">1442-2042</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="334">334</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="339">339</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Science Pty</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-06">2002-06</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0919-8172</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0919-8172</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Annual changes</term><term>Annual report</term><term>Atypical gland</term><term>Biological variation</term><term>Biopsy</term><term>Curable prostate cancer</term><term>Detection rate</term><term>Early detection</term><term>Gunma prefecture</term><term>Imari</term><term>Imari district</term><term>Imari prostate cancer screening program</term><term>Initial level</term><term>Initial prostate antigen levels</term><term>Japanese foundation</term><term>Lower limit</term><term>Mass screening</term><term>Mass screenings</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Overall detection rate</term><term>Possible indications</term><term>Prostate</term><term>Prostate antigen</term><term>Prostate biopsies</term><term>Prostate biopsy</term><term>Prostate cancer</term><term>Prostate research</term><term>Screening</term><term>Screening program</term><term>Screening system</term><term>Second examination step</term><term>Upper limit</term><term>Urology</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background: Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.</div><div type="abstract">Methods: Prostate specific antigen‐based annual mass screenings for prostate cancer were conducted for men aged 60–69 in the Imari district, Saga, Japan. Between 1992 and 2000, 1822 men had their PSA levels tested. A total of 4661 PSA tests were conducted. Changes in PSA levels over the following 1 to 5 years were analyzed in men with PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or less, a range in which the detection rate of prostate cancer would seem to be negligibly low.</div><div type="abstract">Results: The overall detection rate of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 0.73%. The detection rate in men with a PSA level between 3.1 and 3.9 ng/mL, and between 4 and 9.9 ng/mL was 1.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Of 4661 determinations of PSA, 2553 (54.8%) were found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL, 1273 (27.3%) were between 1.1 and 2 ng/mL, and 401 (8.6%) were between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL. Four hundred and thirty‐four men (9.3%) had PSA levels ≥ 3.1 ng/mL, with possible indications for prostate biopsy. Of the men tested, 1.4% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL and 22.3% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL had a PSA level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 1 year. Almost the same rate of PSA increase was observed between the two PSA tests conducted at 2 to 5‐year intervals. Of the men tested, 2.2% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL, and 21.9% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL, had a level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 5 years.</div><div type="abstract">Conclusion: Levels of PSA in men with an initial level below 2 ng/mL remained stable for up to 5 years. Levels of PSA in 97.8– 98.8% of men remained below 3 ng/mL after 1 to 5 years. In contrast, 18–35.3% of men with an initial PSA level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL showed PSA progression to 3.1 ng/mL or more within 5 years. Our present data suggest that annual PSA testing is not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL. Prostate specific antigen testing could therefore be conducted at longer intervals in such individuals.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>prostate cancer</json:string><json:string>prostate</json:string><json:string>imari</json:string><json:string>detection rate</json:string><json:string>imari prostate cancer screening program</json:string><json:string>prostate biopsy</json:string><json:string>screening program</json:string><json:string>urology</json:string><json:string>mass screening</json:string><json:string>biopsy</json:string><json:string>screening</json:string><json:string>annual changes</json:string><json:string>overall detection rate</json:string><json:string>lower limit</json:string><json:string>biological variation</json:string><json:string>mass screenings</json:string><json:string>prostate antigen</json:string><json:string>second examination step</json:string><json:string>upper limit</json:string><json:string>initial level</json:string><json:string>japanese foundation</json:string><json:string>prostate research</json:string><json:string>imari district</json:string><json:string>annual report</json:string><json:string>early detection</json:string><json:string>atypical gland</json:string><json:string>possible indications</json:string><json:string>prostate biopsies</json:string><json:string>curable prostate cancer</json:string><json:string>other hand</json:string><json:string>gunma prefecture</json:string><json:string>screening system</json:string><json:string>initial prostate antigen levels</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Jiro Uozumi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yuji Tokuda</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Chisato Fujiyama</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Norito Takagi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hiroyuki Meiri</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kazunari Kuratomi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kouji Nakamura</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yasuhisa Ichigi</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hidetoshi Yoshinaga</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Norio Kinoshita</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zenjiro Masaki</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>prostate cancer</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PSA test</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>screening</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>IJU474</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Background: Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>5.955</score><pdfWordCount>3535</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>19831</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>35</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>243</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>3</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program</title><pmid><json:string>12110098</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>International Journal of 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type="first">Jiro</forename><surname>Uozumi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Yuji</forename><surname>Tokuda</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Chisato</forename><surname>Fujiyama</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Norito</forename><surname>Takagi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first"> Hiroyuki</forename><surname>Meiri</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Kazunari</forename><surname>Kuratomi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Kouji</forename><surname>Nakamura</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Yasuhisa</forename><surname>Ichigi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Hidetoshi</forename><surname>Yoshinaga</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Norio</forename><surname>Kinoshita</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Zenjiro</forename><surname>Masaki</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Urology</orgName><orgName type="department">Saga Medical School</orgName><address><addrLine>Saga</addrLine><country key="JP">JAPAN</country><country key="JP"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">3878374326823934FC5BFEF1C2B08329A9A0CB8B</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00474.x</idno><idno type="unit">IJU474</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:IJU.IJU474.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Urology</title><title level="j" type="alt">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0919-8172</idno><idno type="eISSN">1442-2042</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1442-2042</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/iju.2002.9.issue-6</idno><idno type="product">IJU</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="334">334</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="339">339</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Science Pty</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-06"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p><hi rend="italic">Background: </hi> Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.</p><p><hi rend="italic">Methods: </hi> Prostate specific antigen‐based annual mass screenings for prostate cancer were conducted for men aged 60–69 in the Imari district, Saga, Japan. Between 1992 and 2000, 1822 men had their PSA levels tested. A total of 4661 PSA tests were conducted. Changes in PSA levels over the following 1 to 5 years were analyzed in men with PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or less, a range in which the detection rate of prostate cancer would seem to be negligibly low.</p><p><hi rend="italic">Results: </hi> The overall detection rate of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 0.73%. The detection rate in men with a PSA level between 3.1 and 3.9 ng/mL, and between 4 and 9.9 ng/mL was 1.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Of 4661 determinations of PSA, 2553 (54.8%) were found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL, 1273 (27.3%) were between 1.1 and 2 ng/mL, and 401 (8.6%) were between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL. Four hundred and thirty‐four men (9.3%) had PSA levels ≥ 3.1 ng/mL, with possible indications for prostate biopsy. Of the men tested, 1.4% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL and 22.3% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL had a PSA level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 1 year. Almost the same rate of PSA increase was observed between the two PSA tests conducted at 2 to 5‐year intervals. Of the men tested, 2.2% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL, and 21.9% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL, had a level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 5 years.</p><p><hi rend="italic">Conclusion: </hi> Levels of PSA in men with an initial level below 2 ng/mL remained stable for up to 5 years. Levels of PSA in 97.8– 98.8% of men remained below 3 ng/mL after 1 to 5 years. In contrast, 18–35.3% of men with an initial PSA level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL showed PSA progression to 3.1 ng/mL or more within 5 years. Our present data suggest that annual PSA testing is not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL. Prostate specific antigen testing could therefore be conducted at longer intervals in such individuals.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">prostate cancer</term><term xml:id="k2">PSA test</term><term xml:id="k3">screening</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Clinical Investigations</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Science Pty</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1442-2042</doi><issn type="print">0919-8172</issn><issn type="electronic">1442-2042</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="IJU"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY">International Journal of Urology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="06006"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/iju.2002.9.issue-6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="9">9</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="6">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2002-06">June 2002</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0033400" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00474.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="IJU474"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Clinical Investigations</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2002-07-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2002-07-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.4 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="334">334</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="339">339</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> Jiro Uozumi md Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, 5‐1‐1 Nabeshima, Saga 849‐8501, Japan. Email: <email normalForm="uozumi@post.saga-med.ac.jp">uozumi@post.saga‐med.ac.jp</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:IJU.IJU474.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 19 September 2001; revision 17 December 2001; 21 January 2002.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="11"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="3084"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="4"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program</title><title type="shortAuthors">J Uozumi <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Annual PSA tests for men with PSA below 2.0 ng/mL</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Jiro</givenNames><familyName>Uozumi</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Yuji</givenNames><familyName>Tokuda</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Chisato</givenNames><familyName>Fujiyama</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Norito</givenNames><familyName>Takagi</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames> Hiroyuki</givenNames><familyName>Meiri</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Kazunari</givenNames><familyName>Kuratomi</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Kouji</givenNames><familyName>Nakamura</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Yasuhisa</givenNames><familyName>Ichigi</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr9" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Hidetoshi</givenNames><familyName>Yoshinaga</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr10" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Norio</givenNames><familyName>Kinoshita</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr11" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Zenjiro</givenNames><familyName>Masaki</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="JP"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">prostate cancer</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">PSA test</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">screening</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p><b>Background: </b> Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.</p><p><b>Methods: </b> Prostate specific antigen‐based annual mass screenings for prostate cancer were conducted for men aged 60–69 in the Imari district, Saga, Japan. Between 1992 and 2000, 1822 men had their PSA levels tested. A total of 4661 PSA tests were conducted. Changes in PSA levels over the following 1 to 5 years were analyzed in men with PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or less, a range in which the detection rate of prostate cancer would seem to be negligibly low.</p><p><b>Results: </b> The overall detection rate of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 0.73%. The detection rate in men with a PSA level between 3.1 and 3.9 ng/mL, and between 4 and 9.9 ng/mL was 1.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Of 4661 determinations of PSA, 2553 (54.8%) were found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL, 1273 (27.3%) were between 1.1 and 2 ng/mL, and 401 (8.6%) were between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL. Four hundred and thirty‐four men (9.3%) had PSA levels ≥ 3.1 ng/mL, with possible indications for prostate biopsy. Of the men tested, 1.4% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL and 22.3% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL had a PSA level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 1 year. Almost the same rate of PSA increase was observed between the two PSA tests conducted at 2 to 5‐year intervals. Of the men tested, 2.2% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL, and 21.9% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL, had a level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 5 years.</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b> Levels of PSA in men with an initial level below 2 ng/mL remained stable for up to 5 years. Levels of PSA in 97.8– 98.8% of men remained below 3 ng/mL after 1 to 5 years. In contrast, 18–35.3% of men with an initial PSA level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL showed PSA progression to 3.1 ng/mL or more within 5 years. Our present data suggest that annual PSA testing is not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL. Prostate specific antigen testing could therefore be conducted at longer intervals in such individuals.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Annual PSA tests for men with PSA below 2.0 ng/mL</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Annual PSA tests are not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL: Findings of the Imari prostate cancer screening program</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jiro</namePart><namePart type="family">Uozumi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yuji</namePart><namePart type="family">Tokuda</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chisato</namePart><namePart type="family">Fujiyama</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Norito</namePart><namePart type="family">Takagi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hiroyuki</namePart><namePart type="family">Meiri</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kazunari</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuratomi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kouji</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakamura</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yasuhisa</namePart><namePart type="family">Ichigi</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hidetoshi</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoshinaga</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Norio</namePart><namePart type="family">Kinoshita</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zenjiro</namePart><namePart type="family">Masaki</namePart><affiliation>Department of Urology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Pty</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2002-06</dateIssued><edition>Received 19 September 2001; revision 17 December 2001; 21 January 2002.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2002</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">0</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="formulas">0</extent><extent unit="references">11</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">0</extent><extent unit="words">3084</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Background: Annual changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels detected by the Imari prostate cancer screening program were evaluated to establish a more efficient and cost‐saving screening system, especially for men with low PSA levels.</abstract><abstract>Methods: Prostate specific antigen‐based annual mass screenings for prostate cancer were conducted for men aged 60–69 in the Imari district, Saga, Japan. Between 1992 and 2000, 1822 men had their PSA levels tested. A total of 4661 PSA tests were conducted. Changes in PSA levels over the following 1 to 5 years were analyzed in men with PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or less, a range in which the detection rate of prostate cancer would seem to be negligibly low.</abstract><abstract>Results: The overall detection rate of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2000 was 0.73%. The detection rate in men with a PSA level between 3.1 and 3.9 ng/mL, and between 4 and 9.9 ng/mL was 1.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Of 4661 determinations of PSA, 2553 (54.8%) were found to be ≤ 1 ng/mL, 1273 (27.3%) were between 1.1 and 2 ng/mL, and 401 (8.6%) were between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL. Four hundred and thirty‐four men (9.3%) had PSA levels ≥ 3.1 ng/mL, with possible indications for prostate biopsy. Of the men tested, 1.4% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL and 22.3% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL had a PSA level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 1 year. Almost the same rate of PSA increase was observed between the two PSA tests conducted at 2 to 5‐year intervals. Of the men tested, 2.2% with an initial PSA level of ≤ 2 ng/mL, and 21.9% with an initial level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL, had a level of ≥ 3.1 ng/mL after 5 years.</abstract><abstract>Conclusion: Levels of PSA in men with an initial level below 2 ng/mL remained stable for up to 5 years. Levels of PSA in 97.8– 98.8% of men remained below 3 ng/mL after 1 to 5 years. In contrast, 18–35.3% of men with an initial PSA level between 2.1 and 3 ng/mL showed PSA progression to 3.1 ng/mL or more within 5 years. Our present data suggest that annual PSA testing is not necessary for men with a PSA level below 2 ng/mL. Prostate specific antigen testing could therefore be conducted at longer intervals in such individuals.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>prostate cancer</topic><topic>PSA test</topic><topic>screening</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Urology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0919-8172</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1442-2042</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1442-2042</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IJU</identifier><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>334</start><end>339</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3878374326823934FC5BFEF1C2B08329A9A0CB8B</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00474.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">IJU474</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Pty</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-0XC0ST5X-D/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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