Anonymization of DICOM electronic medical records for radiation therapy.
Identifieur interne : 000018 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000017; suivant : 000019Anonymization of DICOM electronic medical records for radiation therapy.
Auteurs : Wayne Newhauser [États-Unis] ; Timothy Jones [États-Unis] ; Stuart Swerdloff [États-Unis] ; Warren Newhauser [États-Unis] ; Mark Cilia [États-Unis] ; Robert Carver [États-Unis] ; Andy Halloran [États-Unis] ; Rui Zhang [États-Unis]Source :
- Computers in biology and medicine [ 1879-0534 ] ; 2014.
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Abstract
Electronic medical records (EMR) and treatment plans are used in research on patient outcomes and radiation effects. In many situations researchers must remove protected health information (PHI) from EMRs. The literature contains several studies describing the anonymization of generic Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files and DICOM image sets but no publications were found that discuss the anonymization of DICOM radiation therapy plans, a key component of an EMR in a cancer clinic. In addition to this we were unable to find a commercial software tool that met the minimum requirements for anonymization and preservation of data integrity for radiation therapy research. The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype software code to meet the requirements for the anonymization of radiation therapy treatment plans and to develop a way to validate that code and demonstrate that it properly anonymized treatment plans and preserved data integrity. We extended an open-source code to process all relevant PHI and to allow for the automatic anonymization of multiple EMRs. The prototype code successfully anonymized multiple treatment plans in less than 1min/patient. We also tested commercial optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms for the detection of burned-in text on the images, but they were unable to reliably recognize text. In addition, we developed and tested an image filtering algorithm that allowed us to isolate and redact alpha-numeric text from a test radiograph. Validation tests verified that PHI was anonymized and data integrity, such as the relationship between DICOM unique identifiers (UID) was preserved.
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.010
PubMed: 25147130
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Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, USA; Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, 1205 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carver, Robert" sort="Carver, Robert" uniqKey="Carver R" first="Robert" last="Carver">Robert Carver</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Andy" sort="Halloran, Andy" uniqKey="Halloran A" first="Andy" last="Halloran">Andy Halloran</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Rui" sort="Zhang, Rui" uniqKey="Zhang R" first="Rui" last="Zhang">Rui Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Computers in biology and medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-0534</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Computer Security</term><term>Confidentiality</term><term>Electronic Health Records</term><term>Humans</term><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (methods)</term><term>Radiographic Image Enhancement</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Computer Security</term><term>Confidentiality</term><term>Electronic Health Records</term><term>Humans</term><term>Radiographic Image Enhancement</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Electronic medical records (EMR) and treatment plans are used in research on patient outcomes and radiation effects. In many situations researchers must remove protected health information (PHI) from EMRs. The literature contains several studies describing the anonymization of generic Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files and DICOM image sets but no publications were found that discuss the anonymization of DICOM radiation therapy plans, a key component of an EMR in a cancer clinic. In addition to this we were unable to find a commercial software tool that met the minimum requirements for anonymization and preservation of data integrity for radiation therapy research. The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype software code to meet the requirements for the anonymization of radiation therapy treatment plans and to develop a way to validate that code and demonstrate that it properly anonymized treatment plans and preserved data integrity. We extended an open-source code to process all relevant PHI and to allow for the automatic anonymization of multiple EMRs. The prototype code successfully anonymized multiple treatment plans in less than 1min/patient. We also tested commercial optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms for the detection of burned-in text on the images, but they were unable to reliably recognize text. In addition, we developed and tested an image filtering algorithm that allowed us to isolate and redact alpha-numeric text from a test radiograph. Validation tests verified that PHI was anonymized and data integrity, such as the relationship between DICOM unique identifiers (UID) was preserved.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">25147130</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-0534</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>53</Volume><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Computers in biology and medicine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Comput. Biol. Med.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Anonymization of DICOM electronic medical records for radiation therapy.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>134-40</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.010</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0010-4825(14)00175-9</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Electronic medical records (EMR) and treatment plans are used in research on patient outcomes and radiation effects. In many situations researchers must remove protected health information (PHI) from EMRs. The literature contains several studies describing the anonymization of generic Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files and DICOM image sets but no publications were found that discuss the anonymization of DICOM radiation therapy plans, a key component of an EMR in a cancer clinic. In addition to this we were unable to find a commercial software tool that met the minimum requirements for anonymization and preservation of data integrity for radiation therapy research. The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype software code to meet the requirements for the anonymization of radiation therapy treatment plans and to develop a way to validate that code and demonstrate that it properly anonymized treatment plans and preserved data integrity. We extended an open-source code to process all relevant PHI and to allow for the automatic anonymization of multiple EMRs. The prototype code successfully anonymized multiple treatment plans in less than 1min/patient. We also tested commercial optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms for the detection of burned-in text on the images, but they were unable to reliably recognize text. In addition, we developed and tested an image filtering algorithm that allowed us to isolate and redact alpha-numeric text from a test radiograph. Validation tests verified that PHI was anonymized and data integrity, such as the relationship between DICOM unique identifiers (UID) was preserved.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Newhauser</LastName><ForeName>Wayne</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA. Electronic address: newhauser@lsu.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>Timothy</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Swerdloff</LastName><ForeName>Stuart</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ELEKTA Impac Software, 100 South Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Newhauser</LastName><ForeName>Warren</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mill Creek Systems Inc., 3233 N. Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cilia</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mill Creek Systems Inc., 3233 N. Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, USA; Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, 1205 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carver</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Halloran</LastName><ForeName>Andy</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Rui</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 4950 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 CA131463</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01CA131463-01A1</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>26</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Comput Biol Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>1250250</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0010-4825</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Radiat Res. 2006 Jul;166(1 Pt 2):141-57</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16808603</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Digit Imaging. 2007 Sep;20(3):284-95</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17191099</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Med Biol. 2009 Apr 21;54(8):2277-91</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19305036</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 10;27(14):2308-18</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19364948</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Radiat Oncol. 2012;7:116</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22828073</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Jun 1;74(2):616-22</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19427561</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;150:861-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19745435</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur Radiol. 2010 Aug;20(8):1896-904</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20204640</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur Radiol. 2012 Jan;22(1):144-51</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21842431</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 10;27(14):2339-55</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19364955</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D016494">Computer Security</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D003219">Confidentiality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D057286">Electronic Health Records</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D006801">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D007091">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="Q000379">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D011856">Radiographic Image Enhancement</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D015203">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">NIHMS624449</OtherID><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4170049</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Anonymize</Keyword><Keyword 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PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25147130</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0010-4825(14)00175-9</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.010</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4170049</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS624449</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Louisiane</li><li>Michigan</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Louisiane"><name sortKey="Newhauser, Wayne" sort="Newhauser, Wayne" uniqKey="Newhauser W" first="Wayne" last="Newhauser">Wayne Newhauser</name></region><name sortKey="Carver, Robert" sort="Carver, Robert" uniqKey="Carver R" first="Robert" last="Carver">Robert Carver</name><name sortKey="Cilia, Mark" sort="Cilia, Mark" uniqKey="Cilia M" first="Mark" last="Cilia">Mark Cilia</name><name sortKey="Halloran, Andy" sort="Halloran, Andy" uniqKey="Halloran A" first="Andy" last="Halloran">Andy Halloran</name><name sortKey="Jones, Timothy" sort="Jones, Timothy" uniqKey="Jones T" first="Timothy" last="Jones">Timothy Jones</name><name sortKey="Newhauser, Warren" sort="Newhauser, Warren" uniqKey="Newhauser W" first="Warren" last="Newhauser">Warren Newhauser</name><name sortKey="Swerdloff, Stuart" sort="Swerdloff, Stuart" uniqKey="Swerdloff S" first="Stuart" last="Swerdloff">Stuart Swerdloff</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Rui" sort="Zhang, Rui" uniqKey="Zhang R" first="Rui" last="Zhang">Rui Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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