Modulation of vergence by off-vertical yaw axis rotation in the monkey normal characteristics and effects of space flight
Identifieur interne : 001844 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001843; suivant : 001845Modulation of vergence by off-vertical yaw axis rotation in the monkey normal characteristics and effects of space flight
Auteurs : Mingjia Dai ; Theodore Raphan ; Inessa Kozlovskaya ; Bernard CohenSource :
- Experimental Brain Research [ 0014-4819 ] ; 1996-09-01.
Abstract
Abstract: Horizontal movements of both eyes were recorded simultaneously using scleral search coils in 2 rhesus monkeys before and after the COSMOS 2229 spaceflight of 1992–1993. Another 9 monkeys were tested at comparable time intervals and served as controls. Ocular vergence, defined as the difference in horizontal position between the left and right eyes, was measured during off-vertical yaw axis rotation (OVAR) in darkness. Vergence was modulated sinusoidally as a function of head position with regard to gravity during OVAR. The amplitude of peak-to-peak modulation increased with increments in tilt of the angle of the rotational axis (OVAR tilt angle) that ranged from 15° to 90°. Of the 11 monkeys tested, 1 had no measurable modulation in vergence. In the other 10, the mean amplitude of the peak to peak modulation was 5.5°±1.3° at 90° tilt. Each of these monkeys had maximal vergence when its nose was pointed close to upward (gravity back; mean phase: -0.9°±26°). After space flight, the modulation in vergence was reduced by over 50% for the two flight monkeys, but the phase of vergence modulation was not altered. The reduction in vergence modulation was sustained for the 11-day postflight testing period. We conclude that changes in vergence are induced in monkeys by the sinusoidal component of gravity acting along the naso-occipital axis during yaw axis OVAR, and that the modulation of the vergence reflex is significantly less sensitive to linear acceleration after space flight.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF00229551
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ISTEX:21D67AF4FA079F51F1CB3BF0D22E8F413B890277Le document en format XML
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Another 9 monkeys were tested at comparable time intervals and served as controls. Ocular vergence, defined as the difference in horizontal position between the left and right eyes, was measured during off-vertical yaw axis rotation (OVAR) in darkness. Vergence was modulated sinusoidally as a function of head position with regard to gravity during OVAR. The amplitude of peak-to-peak modulation increased with increments in tilt of the angle of the rotational axis (OVAR tilt angle) that ranged from 15° to 90°. Of the 11 monkeys tested, 1 had no measurable modulation in vergence. In the other 10, the mean amplitude of the peak to peak modulation was 5.5°±1.3° at 90° tilt. Each of these monkeys had maximal vergence when its nose was pointed close to upward (gravity back; mean phase: -0.9°±26°). After space flight, the modulation in vergence was reduced by over 50% for the two flight monkeys, but the phase of vergence modulation was not altered. The reduction in vergence modulation was sustained for the 11-day postflight testing period. We conclude that changes in vergence are induced in monkeys by the sinusoidal component of gravity acting along the naso-occipital axis during yaw axis OVAR, and that the modulation of the vergence reflex is significantly less sensitive to linear acceleration after space flight.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Mingjia Dai</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 East 100th Street, Box 1135, 10029, New York, NY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Theodore Raphan</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Neurology and Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Inessa Kozlovskaya</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Computer and Information Science, Institute of Neural and Intelligent Systems Brooklyn College, CUNY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bernard Cohen</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF00229551</json:string><json:string>Art3</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Abstract: Horizontal movements of both eyes were recorded simultaneously using scleral search coils in 2 rhesus monkeys before and after the COSMOS 2229 spaceflight of 1992–1993. 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The reduction in vergence modulation was sustained for the 11-day postflight testing period. We conclude that changes in vergence are induced in monkeys by the sinusoidal component of gravity acting along the naso-occipital axis during yaw axis OVAR, and that the modulation of the vergence reflex is significantly less sensitive to linear acceleration after space flight.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Biomedicine</head><item><term>Neurosciences</term></item><item><term>Neurology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1995-09-27">Created</change><change when="1996-09-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-19">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/21D67AF4FA079F51F1CB3BF0D22E8F413B890277/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher 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Neurology</OrgDivision><OrgName>Mount Sinai School of Medicine</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>1 East 100th Street</Street><Postbox>Box 1135</Postbox><Postcode>10029</Postcode><City>New York</City><State>NY</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Departments of Neurology and Physiology and Biophysics</OrgDivision><OrgName>Mount Sinai School of Medicine</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>New York</City><State>NY</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Department of Computer and Information Science</OrgDivision><OrgName>Institute of Neural and Intelligent Systems Brooklyn College</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>CUNY</City><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgName>Institute of Biomedical Problems</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Moscow</City><Country>Russia</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Horizontal movements of both eyes were recorded simultaneously using scleral search coils in 2 rhesus monkeys before and after the COSMOS 2229 spaceflight of 1992–1993. Another 9 monkeys were tested at comparable time intervals and served as controls. Ocular vergence, defined as the difference in horizontal position between the left and right eyes, was measured during off-vertical yaw axis rotation (OVAR) in darkness. Vergence was modulated sinusoidally as a function of head position with regard to gravity during OVAR. The amplitude of peak-to-peak modulation increased with increments in tilt of the angle of the rotational axis (OVAR tilt angle) that ranged from 15° to 90°. Of the 11 monkeys tested, 1 had no measurable modulation in vergence. In the other 10, the mean amplitude of the peak to peak modulation was 5.5°±1.3° at 90° tilt. Each of these monkeys had maximal vergence when its nose was pointed close to upward (gravity back; mean phase: -0.9°±26°). After space flight, the modulation in vergence was reduced by over 50% for the two flight monkeys, but the phase of vergence modulation was not altered. The reduction in vergence modulation was sustained for the 11-day postflight testing period. We conclude that changes in vergence are induced in monkeys by the sinusoidal component of gravity acting along the naso-occipital axis during yaw axis OVAR, and that the modulation of the vergence reflex is significantly less sensitive to linear acceleration after space flight.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>Spaceflight</Keyword><Keyword>Vergence</Keyword><Keyword>Vestibular</Keyword><Keyword>Otolith</Keyword><Keyword>Off-vertical axis rotation</Keyword><Keyword>Monkey</Keyword></KeywordGroup></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Modulation of vergence by off-vertical yaw axis rotation in the monkey normal characteristics and effects of space flight</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Modulation of vergence by off-vertical yaw axis rotation in the monkey normal characteristics and effects of space flight</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mingjia</namePart><namePart type="family">Dai</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 East 100th Street, Box 1135, 10029, New York, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Theodore</namePart><namePart type="family">Raphan</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Neurology and Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Inessa</namePart><namePart type="family">Kozlovskaya</namePart><affiliation>Department of Computer and Information Science, Institute of Neural and Intelligent Systems Brooklyn College, CUNY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernard</namePart><namePart type="family">Cohen</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1995-09-27</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1996-09-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1996</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Horizontal movements of both eyes were recorded simultaneously using scleral search coils in 2 rhesus monkeys before and after the COSMOS 2229 spaceflight of 1992–1993. Another 9 monkeys were tested at comparable time intervals and served as controls. Ocular vergence, defined as the difference in horizontal position between the left and right eyes, was measured during off-vertical yaw axis rotation (OVAR) in darkness. Vergence was modulated sinusoidally as a function of head position with regard to gravity during OVAR. The amplitude of peak-to-peak modulation increased with increments in tilt of the angle of the rotational axis (OVAR tilt angle) that ranged from 15° to 90°. Of the 11 monkeys tested, 1 had no measurable modulation in vergence. In the other 10, the mean amplitude of the peak to peak modulation was 5.5°±1.3° at 90° tilt. Each of these monkeys had maximal vergence when its nose was pointed close to upward (gravity back; mean phase: -0.9°±26°). After space flight, the modulation in vergence was reduced by over 50% for the two flight monkeys, but the phase of vergence modulation was not altered. The reduction in vergence modulation was sustained for the 11-day postflight testing period. We conclude that changes in vergence are induced in monkeys by the sinusoidal component of gravity acting along the naso-occipital axis during yaw axis OVAR, and that the modulation of the vergence reflex is significantly less sensitive to linear acceleration after space flight.</abstract><note>Research Article</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Experimental Brain Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Exp Brain Res</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1996-09-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1996</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Biomedicine</genre><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Neurology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0014-4819</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-1106</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">221</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">17</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">3</identifier><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><number>111</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>21</start><end>29</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1996</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">21D67AF4FA079F51F1CB3BF0D22E8F413B890277</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF00229551</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF00229551</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1996</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1996</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:refBibTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/21D67AF4FA079F51F1CB3BF0D22E8F413B890277/enrichments/refBib"><teiHeader></teiHeader><text><front></front><body></body><back><listBibl><biblStruct xml:id="b0"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Interaction of linear and angular acceleration on vestibular receptors in man</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Aj</forename><surname>Benson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ma</forename><surname>Bodin</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Aerospace Med</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">37</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="144" to="154"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1966"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b1"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Patterns of connectivity in the vestibular nuclei. 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