Estimating Digitization Costs in Digital Libraries Using DiCoMo
Identifieur interne : 000149 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000148; suivant : 000150Estimating Digitization Costs in Digital Libraries Using DiCoMo
Auteurs : Alejandro Bia ; Rafael Mu Oz ; Jaime G MezSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Abstract: The estimate of digitization costs is a very difficult task. It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts. Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. This method can be adapted to different production processes, like the production of digital XML or HTML texts using scanning and OCR, and undergoing human proofreading and error correction, or for the production of digital facsimiles (scanning without OCR). The accuracy of the estimates improve with time, since the algorithms can be optimized by making adjustments based on historical data gathered from previous tasks.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15464-5_15
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It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts. Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. This method can be adapted to different production processes, like the production of digital XML or HTML texts using scanning and OCR, and undergoing human proofreading and error correction, or for the production of digital facsimiles (scanning without OCR). The accuracy of the estimates improve with time, since the algorithms can be optimized by making adjustments based on historical data gathered from previous tasks.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Alejandro Bia</name><affiliations><json:string>CIO/DEMI, Miguel Hernández University, Spain</json:string><json:string>E-mail: abia@umh.es</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Rafael Muñoz</name><affiliations><json:string>DLSI, University of Alicante, Spain</json:string><json:string>E-mail: rafael@dlsi.ua.es</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jaime Gómez</name><affiliations><json:string>DLSI, University of Alicante, Spain</json:string><json:string>E-mail: jgomez@dlsi.ua.es</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Abstract: The estimate of digitization costs is a very difficult task. It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts. Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. 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Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Mitchell</surname></persName><affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moni</forename><surname>Naor</surname></persName><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Oscar</forename><surname>Nierstrasz</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Pandu Rangan</surname></persName><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Bernhard</forename><surname>Steffen</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename 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type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="seriesId">558</idno></series><idno type="istex">0310DDA70CB1F641B7B6AAF78452610506B1FE20</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-642-15464-5_15</idno><idno type="ChapterID">15</idno><idno type="ChapterID">Chap15</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: The estimate of digitization costs is a very difficult task. It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts. Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. This method can be adapted to different production processes, like the production of digital XML or HTML texts using scanning and OCR, and undergoing human proofreading and error correction, or for the production of digital facsimiles (scanning without OCR). The accuracy of the estimates improve with time, since the algorithms can be optimized by making adjustments based on historical data gathered from previous tasks.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Collection"><list><label>SUCO11645</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Book Subject Group"><list><label>I</label><label>I18040</label><label>I18024</label><label>I18032</label><label>I18030</label><label>I18059</label><label>I21033</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item><item><term>Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</term></item><item><term>Database Management</term></item><item><term>Information Storage and Retrieval</term></item><item><term>Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</term></item><item><term>Multimedia Information Systems</term></item><item><term>Document Preparation and Text Processing</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change 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University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Pittsburgh</City><State>PA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgName>University of Surrey</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Guildford</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgName>Cornell University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Ithaca</City><State>NY</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff5"><OrgName>ETH Zurich</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Zurich</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff6"><OrgName>Stanford University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Stanford</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff7"><OrgName>Weizmann Institute of Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Rehovot</City><Country>Israel</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff8"><OrgName>University of Bern</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Bern</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff9"><OrgName>Indian Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Madras</City><Country>India</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff10"><OrgName>University of Dortmund</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Dortmund</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff11"><OrgName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><State>MA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff12"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Los Angeles</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff13"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Berkeley</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff14"><OrgName>Rice University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Houston</City><State>TX</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff15"><OrgName>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><Book Language="En"><BookInfo BookProductType="Proceedings" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" MediaType="eBook" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" OutputMedium="All" TocLevels="0"><BookID>978-3-642-15464-5</BookID><BookTitle>Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries</BookTitle><BookSubTitle>14th European Conference, ECDL 2010, Glasgow, UK, September 6-10, 2010. Proceedings</BookSubTitle><BookVolumeNumber>6273</BookVolumeNumber><BookSequenceNumber>6273</BookSequenceNumber><BookDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-15464-5</BookDOI><BookTitleID>213208</BookTitleID><BookPrintISBN>978-3-642-15463-8</BookPrintISBN><BookElectronicISBN>978-3-642-15464-5</BookElectronicISBN><BookChapterCount>79</BookChapterCount><BookCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></BookCopyright><BookSubjectGroup><BookSubject Code="I" Type="Primary">Computer Science</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18040" Priority="1" Type="Secondary">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18024" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Database Management</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18032" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Information Storage and Retrieval</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18030" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18059" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">Multimedia Information Systems</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I21033" Priority="6" Type="Secondary">Document Preparation and Text Processing</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup><BookContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID></BookContext></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Mounia</GivenName><FamilyName>Lalmas</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>mounia@acm.org</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Joemon</GivenName><FamilyName>Jose</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>jj@dcs.gla.ac.uk</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff17"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Andreas</GivenName><FamilyName>Rauber</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>rauber@ifs.tuwien.ac.at</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff18"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Fabrizio</GivenName><FamilyName>Sebastiani</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>Fabrizio.Sebastiani@isti.cnr.it</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Ingo</GivenName><FamilyName>Frommholz</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>ingo@dcs.gla.ac.uk</Email></Contact></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff16"><OrgDivision>Dept. of Computer Science</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Glasgow</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>17 Lilybank Gardens</Street><Postcode>G12 8QQ</Postcode><City>Glasgow</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff17"><OrgName>Vienna University of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>1040</Postcode><City>Vienna</City><Country>Austria</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff18"><OrgDivision>Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell’Informazione</OrgDivision><OrgName>Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Via G Moruzzi 1</Street><Postcode>56124</Postcode><City>Pisa</City><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff19"><OrgName>University of Glasgow</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>G12 8QQ</Postcode><City>Glasgow</City><Country>Uk</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part6"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>6</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>6</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Digital Preservation</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>3</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap15" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>15</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-15464-5_15</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>15</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Estimating Digitization Costs in Digital Libraries Using DiCoMo</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>136</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>147</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2010</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>6</PartID><BookID>978-3-642-15464-5</BookID><BookTitle>Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Alejandro</GivenName><FamilyName>Bia</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>abia@umh.es</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Rafael</GivenName><FamilyName>Muñoz</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>rafael@dlsi.ua.es</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jaime</GivenName><FamilyName>Gómez</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>jgomez@dlsi.ua.es</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff20"><OrgDivision>CIO/DEMI</OrgDivision><OrgName>Miguel Hernández University</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Spain</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff21"><OrgDivision>DLSI</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Alicante</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Spain</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>The estimate of digitization costs is a very difficult task. It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts.</Para><Para>Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. This method can be adapted to different production processes, like the production of digital XML or HTML texts using scanning and OCR, and undergoing human proofreading and error correction, or for the production of digital facsimiles (scanning without OCR). The accuracy of the estimates improve with time, since the algorithms can be optimized by making adjustments based on historical data gathered from previous tasks.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Keywords</Heading><Keyword>Cost and time estimates</Keyword><Keyword>Digitization</Keyword><Keyword>Contents Production</Keyword><Keyword>DL Project management</Keyword></KeywordGroup></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Estimating Digitization Costs in Digital Libraries Using DiCoMo</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Estimating Digitization Costs in Digital Libraries Using DiCoMo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alejandro</namePart><namePart type="family">Bia</namePart><affiliation>CIO/DEMI, Miguel Hernández University, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: abia@umh.es</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rafael</namePart><namePart type="family">Muñoz</namePart><affiliation>DLSI, University of Alicante, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: rafael@dlsi.ua.es</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jaime</namePart><namePart type="family">Gómez</namePart><affiliation>DLSI, University of Alicante, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: jgomez@dlsi.ua.es</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference [eBooks]" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: The estimate of digitization costs is a very difficult task. It is difficult to make exact predictions due to the great quantity of unknown factors. However, digitization projects need to have a precise idea of the economic costs and the times involved in the development of their contents. The common practice when we start digitizing a new collection is to set a schedule, and a firm commitment to fulfill it (both in terms of cost and deadlines), even before the actual digitization work starts. As it happens with software development projects, incorrect estimates produce delays and cause costs overdrafts. Based on methods used in Software Engineering for software development cost prediction like COCOMO and Function Points, and using historical data gathered during five years at the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library, during the digitization of more than 12.000 books, we have developed a method for time and cost estimates named DiCoMo (Digitization Costs Model) for digital content production in general. This method can be adapted to different production processes, like the production of digital XML or HTML texts using scanning and OCR, and undergoing human proofreading and error correction, or for the production of digital facsimiles (scanning without OCR). The accuracy of the estimates improve with time, since the algorithms can be optimized by making adjustments based on historical data gathered from previous tasks.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries</title><subTitle>14th European Conference, ECDL 2010, Glasgow, UK, September 6-10, 2010. 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type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fabrizio</namePart><namePart type="family">Sebastiani</namePart><affiliation>Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell’Informazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Fabrizio.Sebastiani@isti.cnr.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ingo</namePart><namePart type="family">Frommholz</namePart><affiliation>University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Uk</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: ingo@dcs.gla.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="Book Series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book Subject Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer 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