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Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Semiconductor Based Photonic Devices for All-Optical Signal Processing at 40 Gbit/s and Beyond

Identifieur interne : 000103 ( Hal/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000102; suivant : 000104

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Semiconductor Based Photonic Devices for All-Optical Signal Processing at 40 Gbit/s and Beyond

Auteurs : Minh Nguyet Ngo [France]

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RBID : Hal:tel-00554333

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Abstract

The optical backbone networks are facing a continuous and tremendous growth of the Internet traffic, requiring to increase the capacity of the transmission systems: WDM systems with a bit rate of 40 Gbit/s do exist and 100 Gbit/s and 160 Gbit/s will be reached soon. At the bit rates of 40 Gbit/s and higher, all-optical signal processing techniques are a very interesting approach in order to reduce the power consumption and the cost of future optical networks. The objective of this work is to develop non-linear optical gates and explore Optical Clock Recovery (OCR) functions based on semiconductor technology for all-optical regeneration at 40 Gbit/s and above. The non-linear dynamic gain of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) was investigated in order to perform simple and compact signal reshaping devices. For retiming function, several OCR configurations based on Self-Pulsating (SP) lasers were investigated during this thesis. The first part of this work is devoted to the SOA-based non-linear optical gates for all-optical 2R regeneration. Gain dynamics assessments using the pump-probe experiment were performed to measure the SOA recovery time. In this work, it is demonstrated that the highly confined bulk based SOA and the long quantum-dot based SOA exhibiting respectively gain recovery times of 20 ps and of 10 ps are suitable for 40 Gbit/s operation. The numerical and experimental studies clarified the important role of intraband effects in SOA dynamics under short pulse (a few of picoseconds) saturations, which makes these SOAs compatible for ultrahigh bit rate operations. The highly confined bulk based SOA was cascaded with a Saturable Absorber (SA) to constitute a complete 2R regeneration function. The reshaping capability of the SOA-SA regenerator has been successfully demonstrated at 40 Gbit/s by experiments and simulations. The second part of this work explores some clock recovery functions based on SP lasers for 3R regeneration at 40 Gbit/s. An original characterisation technique consisting in remodulating the extracted clock was proposed to evaluate the OCR performance. A simple solution using passive pre-filtering was developed to enhance the clock quality extracted by a bulk based SP laser. The polarisation sensitivity of various OCR devices was evaluated. The OCR based on the bulk based SP laser followed by the quantum-dot based SP laser exhibits a total insensitivity to the arriving signal polarisation thanks to Bit-Error-Rate measurements. At last, a preliminary study was devoted to investigate OCR tolerance to Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD).

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<abstract xml:lang="en">The optical backbone networks are facing a continuous and tremendous growth of the Internet traffic, requiring to increase the capacity of the transmission systems: WDM systems with a bit rate of 40 Gbit/s do exist and 100 Gbit/s and 160 Gbit/s will be reached soon. At the bit rates of 40 Gbit/s and higher, all-optical signal processing techniques are a very interesting approach in order to reduce the power consumption and the cost of future optical networks. The objective of this work is to develop non-linear optical gates and explore Optical Clock Recovery (OCR) functions based on semiconductor technology for all-optical regeneration at 40 Gbit/s and above. The non-linear dynamic gain of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) was investigated in order to perform simple and compact signal reshaping devices. For retiming function, several OCR configurations based on Self-Pulsating (SP) lasers were investigated during this thesis. The first part of this work is devoted to the SOA-based non-linear optical gates for all-optical 2R regeneration. Gain dynamics assessments using the pump-probe experiment were performed to measure the SOA recovery time. In this work, it is demonstrated that the highly confined bulk based SOA and the long quantum-dot based SOA exhibiting respectively gain recovery times of 20 ps and of 10 ps are suitable for 40 Gbit/s operation. The numerical and experimental studies clarified the important role of intraband effects in SOA dynamics under short pulse (a few of picoseconds) saturations, which makes these SOAs compatible for ultrahigh bit rate operations. The highly confined bulk based SOA was cascaded with a Saturable Absorber (SA) to constitute a complete 2R regeneration function. The reshaping capability of the SOA-SA regenerator has been successfully demonstrated at 40 Gbit/s by experiments and simulations. The second part of this work explores some clock recovery functions based on SP lasers for 3R regeneration at 40 Gbit/s. An original characterisation technique consisting in remodulating the extracted clock was proposed to evaluate the OCR performance. A simple solution using passive pre-filtering was developed to enhance the clock quality extracted by a bulk based SP laser. The polarisation sensitivity of various OCR devices was evaluated. The OCR based on the bulk based SP laser followed by the quantum-dot based SP laser exhibits a total insensitivity to the arriving signal polarisation thanks to Bit-Error-Rate measurements. At last, a preliminary study was devoted to investigate OCR tolerance to Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD).</abstract>
<abstract xml:lang="fr">Face à l'augmentation constante du trafic lié notamment à Internet, la demande de capacité dans les réseaux cœur ne cesse de croitre : le débit par canal des systèmes WDM a atteint 40 Gbit/s et va bientôt atteindre 100 Gbit/s. A partir de 40 Gbit/s, le traitement tout optique du signal peut offrir une solution intéressante pour réduire la consommation ainsi que le coût des systèmes optiques du futur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des portes optiques non linéaires et d'explorer des méthodes de récupération d'horloge optiques, toutes à base des semiconducteurs, pour la régénération tout optique de signaux à un débit égal ou supérieur à 40 Gbit/. La dynamique ultrarapide du gain des amplificateurs optiques à semiconducteur (SOA) est étudiée afin de l'exploiter pour développer des fonctions simples et compactes permettant la remise en forme du signal. Concernant la fonction de resynchronisation, différentes récupérations d'horloge tout optiques ont été étudiées dans cette thèse. La première partie des travaux a été consacrée entièrement aux portes optiques non linéaires à base des SOA pour des applications à la régénération 2R. L'expérience pompe sonde permettant mesurer le temps de récupération du gain a été réalisée pour étudier la dynamique des SOA. Dans cette thèse, il a été démontré que le SOA massif à fort confinement et le SOA ultra-long à boîtes quantiques sont les plus adaptés pour un fonctionnement à 40 Gbit/s avec des temps de récupération du gain respectivement de 20 ps et 10 ps. Les études expérimentales ainsi que numériques ont mis en évidence la contribution importante des effets intrabandes à la dynamique du gain lorsque des SOA sont saturés par des impulsions courtes (quelques picosecondes). Le SOA massif de fort confinement a été associé avec un absorbant saturable (SA) pour constituer une fonction de régénération 2R complète. L'efficacité du régénérateur SOA SA pour la remis en forme du signal à 40 Gbit/s a été démontrée expérimentalement and numériquement. La deuxième partie des travaux a été dédiée à la récupération d'horloge à base de lasers auto pulsants en vue d'une application à la régénération 3R à 40 Gbit/s. Nous avons proposé une technique originale pour évaluer la performance des fonctions de récupération d'horloge, qui consiste à remoduler l'horloge récupérée. Une nouvelle configuration a été élaborée pour améliorer la qualité de l'horloge récupérée par le laser auto pulsant à base de matériau massif. Elle consiste à introduire un pré filtrage passif devant le laser. La sensibilité à la polarisation des récupérations d'horloge a été également étudiée. La récupération d'horloge utilisant le laser massif suivi par le laser à boîtes quantiques a montré son insensibilité à la polarisation du signal injecté par la mesure du taux d'erreur binaire. Enfin, une étude préliminaire sur la tolérance des récupérations d'horloge à la dispersion modale de polarisation a été menée.</abstract>
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