Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future
Identifieur interne : 002796 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002795; suivant : 002797Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future
Auteurs : Sinéad L. Mullally [Royaume-Uni] ; Eleanor A. Maguire [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- The Neuroscientist [ 1073-8584 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
On the face of it, memory, imagination, and prediction seem to be distinct cognitive functions. However, metacognitive, cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence is emerging that they are not, suggesting intimate links in their underlying processes. Here, we explore these empirical findings and the evolving theoretical frameworks that seek to explain how a common neural system supports our recollection of times past, imagination, and our attempts to predict the future.
Url:
DOI: 10.1177/1073858413495091
PubMed: 23846418
PubMed Central: 4232337
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002796
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4232337Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future</title><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sinead L" sort="Mullally, Sinead L" uniqKey="Mullally S" first="Sinéad L." last="Mullally">Sinéad L. Mullally</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1-1073858413495091">Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Eleanor A" sort="Maguire, Eleanor A" uniqKey="Maguire E" first="Eleanor A." last="Maguire">Eleanor A. Maguire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1-1073858413495091">Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23846418</idno><idno type="pmc">4232337</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232337</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4232337</idno><idno type="doi">10.1177/1073858413495091</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002796</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002796</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future</title><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sinead L" sort="Mullally, Sinead L" uniqKey="Mullally S" first="Sinéad L." last="Mullally">Sinéad L. Mullally</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1-1073858413495091">Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Eleanor A" sort="Maguire, Eleanor A" uniqKey="Maguire E" first="Eleanor A." last="Maguire">Eleanor A. Maguire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1-1073858413495091">Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Neuroscientist</title><idno type="ISSN">1073-8584</idno><idno type="eISSN">1089-4098</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>On the face of it, memory, imagination, and prediction seem to be distinct cognitive functions. However, metacognitive, cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence is emerging that they are not, suggesting intimate links in their underlying processes. Here, we explore these empirical findings and the evolving theoretical frameworks that seek to explain how a common neural system supports our recollection of times past, imagination, and our attempts to predict the future.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musicaro, R" uniqKey="Musicaro R">R Musicaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, L" uniqKey="Pan L">L Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, L" uniqKey="Pan L">L Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vu, Ma" uniqKey="Vu M">MA Vu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laiser, N" uniqKey="Laiser N">N Laiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Rp" uniqKey="Roberts R">RP Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, At" uniqKey="Wong A">AT Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, At" uniqKey="Wong A">AT Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amaral, Dg" uniqKey="Amaral D">DG Amaral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Witter, Mp" uniqKey="Witter M">MP Witter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andelman, F" uniqKey="Andelman F">F Andelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoofien, D" uniqKey="Hoofien D">D Hoofien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldberg, I" uniqKey="Goldberg I">I Goldberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aizenstein, O" uniqKey="Aizenstein O">O Aizenstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neufeld, My" uniqKey="Neufeld M">MY Neufeld</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrews Hanna, Jr" uniqKey="Andrews Hanna J">JR Andrews-Hanna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reidler, Js" uniqKey="Reidler J">JS Reidler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sepulcre, J" uniqKey="Sepulcre J">J Sepulcre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poulin, R" uniqKey="Poulin R">R Poulin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buckner, Rl" uniqKey="Buckner R">RL Buckner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atance, Cm" uniqKey="Atance C">CM Atance</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eill, Dk" uniqKey="O Eill D">DK O’Neill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Auger, Sd" uniqKey="Auger S">SD Auger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bar, M" uniqKey="Bar M">M Bar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bartlett, Fc" uniqKey="Bartlett F">FC Bartlett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berryhill, Me" uniqKey="Berryhill M">ME Berryhill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Picasso, L" uniqKey="Picasso L">L Picasso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, R" uniqKey="Arnold R">R Arnold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drowos, D" uniqKey="Drowos D">D Drowos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Ir" uniqKey="Olson I">IR Olson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bonnici, Hm" uniqKey="Bonnici H">HM Bonnici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chadwick, Mj" uniqKey="Chadwick M">MJ Chadwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumaran, D" uniqKey="Kumaran D">D Kumaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiskopf, N" uniqKey="Weiskopf N">N Weiskopf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Botzung, A" uniqKey="Botzung A">A Botzung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denkova, E" uniqKey="Denkova E">E Denkova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, L" uniqKey="Manning L">L Manning</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bremner, Jd" uniqKey="Bremner J">JD Bremner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Narayan, M" uniqKey="Narayan M">M Narayan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Er" uniqKey="Anderson E">ER Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Staib, Lh" uniqKey="Staib L">LH Staib</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Hl" uniqKey="Miller H">HL Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charney, Ds" uniqKey="Charney D">DS Charney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buckner, Rl" uniqKey="Buckner R">RL Buckner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buckner, Rl" uniqKey="Buckner R">RL Buckner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carroll, Dc" uniqKey="Carroll D">DC Carroll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burgess, N" uniqKey="Burgess N">N Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeffery, Kj" uniqKey="Jeffery K">KJ Jeffery</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eefe, J" uniqKey="O Eefe J">J O’Keefe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burgess, N" uniqKey="Burgess N">N Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eefe, J" uniqKey="O Eefe J">J O’Keefe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carroll, L" uniqKey="Carroll L">L Carroll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chadwick, Mj" uniqKey="Chadwick M">MJ Chadwick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Nj" uniqKey="Cohen N">NJ Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eichenbaum, H" uniqKey="Eichenbaum H">H Eichenbaum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Nj" uniqKey="Cohen N">NJ Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eichenbaum, H" uniqKey="Eichenbaum H">H Eichenbaum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Jm" uniqKey="Cooper J">JM Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vargha Khadem, F" uniqKey="Vargha Khadem F">F Vargha-Khadem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gadian, Dg" uniqKey="Gadian D">DG Gadian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corkin, S" uniqKey="Corkin S">S Corkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Rgembeau, A" uniqKey="D Rgembeau A">A D’Argembeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raffard, S" uniqKey="Raffard S">S Raffard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Linden, M" uniqKey="Van Der Linden M">M Van der Linden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Rgembeau, A" uniqKey="D Rgembeau A">A D’Argembeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Linden, M" uniqKey="Van Der Linden M">M Van der Linden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Rgembeau, A" uniqKey="D Rgembeau A">A D’Argembeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Linden, M" uniqKey="Van Der Linden M">M Van der Linden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Vito, S" uniqKey="De Vito S">S de Vito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Della Sala, S" uniqKey="Della Sala S">S Della Sala</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Diba, K" uniqKey="Diba K">K Diba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buzsaki, G" uniqKey="Buzsaki G">G Buzsaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dragoi, G" uniqKey="Dragoi G">G Dragoi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tonegawa, S" uniqKey="Tonegawa S">S Tonegawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dragoi, G" uniqKey="Dragoi G">G Dragoi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tonegawa, S" uniqKey="Tonegawa S">S Tonegawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, I" uniqKey="Driscoll I">I Driscoll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Rj" uniqKey="Sutherland R">RJ Sutherland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gaesser, B" uniqKey="Gaesser B">B Gaesser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sacchetti, Dc" uniqKey="Sacchetti D">DC Sacchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Dt" uniqKey="Gilbert D">DT Gilbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Td" uniqKey="Wilson T">TD Wilson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Cv" uniqKey="Gottesman C">CV Gottesman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graham, Ks" uniqKey="Graham K">KS Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barense, Md" uniqKey="Barense M">MD Barense</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ac" uniqKey="Lee A">AC Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumaran, D" uniqKey="Kumaran D">D Kumaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumaran, D" uniqKey="Kumaran D">D Kumaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vann, Sd" uniqKey="Vann S">SD Vann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herold, Cj" uniqKey="Herold C">CJ Herold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lasser, Mm" uniqKey="Lasser M">MM Lasser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid, La" uniqKey="Schmid L">LA Schmid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seidl, U" uniqKey="Seidl U">U Seidl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, L" uniqKey="Kong L">L Kong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fellhauer, I" uniqKey="Fellhauer I">I Fellhauer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hurley, Nc" uniqKey="Hurley N">NC Hurley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vargha Khadem, F" uniqKey="Vargha Khadem F">F Vargha-Khadem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dickinson, Ca" uniqKey="Dickinson C">CA Dickinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gottesman, Cv" uniqKey="Gottesman C">CV Gottesman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willey, Ev" uniqKey="Willey E">EV Willey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zuk, Ij" uniqKey="Zuk I">IJ Zuk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, M" uniqKey="Richardson M">M Richardson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, A" uniqKey="Johnson A">A Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Redish, Ad" uniqKey="Redish A">AD Redish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kant, I" uniqKey="Kant I">I Kant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klein, Sb" uniqKey="Klein S">SB Klein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klein, Sb" uniqKey="Klein S">SB Klein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loftus, J" uniqKey="Loftus J">J Loftus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kihlstrom, Jj" uniqKey="Kihlstrom J">JJ Kihlstrom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Konkel, A" uniqKey="Konkel A">A Konkel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Nj" uniqKey="Cohen N">NJ Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korsakoff, Ss" uniqKey="Korsakoff S">SS Korsakoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banks, Wp" uniqKey="Banks W">WP Banks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karam, Sj" uniqKey="Karam S">SJ Karam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nannery, R" uniqKey="Nannery R">R Nannery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spiers, Hj" uniqKey="Spiers H">HJ Spiers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vargha Khadem, F" uniqKey="Vargha Khadem F">F Vargha-Khadem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morris, Rg" uniqKey="Morris R">RG Morris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garrud, P" uniqKey="Garrud P">P Garrud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rawlins, Jn" uniqKey="Rawlins J">JN Rawlins</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eefe, J" uniqKey="O Eefe J">J O’Keefe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moser, Ei" uniqKey="Moser E">EI Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, Mb" uniqKey="Moser M">MB Moser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mullally, Sl" uniqKey="Mullally S">SL Mullally</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nyberg, L" uniqKey="Nyberg L">L Nyberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, As" uniqKey="Kim A">AS Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Habib, R" uniqKey="Habib R">R Habib</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levine, B" uniqKey="Levine B">B Levine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tulving, E" uniqKey="Tulving E">E Tulving</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Eefe, J" uniqKey="O Eefe J">J O’Keefe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dostrovsky, J" uniqKey="Dostrovsky J">J Dostrovsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Eefe, J" uniqKey="O Eefe J">J O’Keefe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nadel, L" uniqKey="Nadel L">L Nadel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okuda, J" uniqKey="Okuda J">J Okuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujii, T" uniqKey="Fujii T">T Fujii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohtake, H" uniqKey="Ohtake H">H Ohtake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsukiura, T" uniqKey="Tsukiura T">T Tsukiura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanji, K" uniqKey="Tanji K">K Tanji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, K" uniqKey="Suzuki K">K Suzuki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quinn, Pc" uniqKey="Quinn P">PC Quinn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Intraub, H" uniqKey="Intraub H">H Intraub</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Race, E" uniqKey="Race E">E Race</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keane, Mm" uniqKey="Keane M">MM Keane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verfaellie, M" uniqKey="Verfaellie M">M Verfaellie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ranganath, C" uniqKey="Ranganath C">C Ranganath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Romero, K" uniqKey="Romero K">K Romero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moscovitch, M" uniqKey="Moscovitch M">M Moscovitch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosenbaum, Rs" uniqKey="Rosenbaum R">RS Rosenbaum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kohler, S" uniqKey="Kohler S">S Kohler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moscovitch, M" uniqKey="Moscovitch M">M Moscovitch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Westmacott, R" uniqKey="Westmacott R">R Westmacott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Black, Se" uniqKey="Black S">SE Black</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buckner, Rl" uniqKey="Buckner R">RL Buckner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schacter, Dl" uniqKey="Schacter D">DL Schacter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addis, Dr" uniqKey="Addis D">DR Addis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassabis, D" uniqKey="Hassabis D">D Hassabis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Vc" uniqKey="Martin V">VC Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spreng, Rn" uniqKey="Spreng R">RN Spreng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szpunar, Kk" uniqKey="Szpunar K">KK Szpunar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scoville, Wb" uniqKey="Scoville W">WB Scoville</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milner, B" uniqKey="Milner B">B Milner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seamon, Jg" uniqKey="Seamon J">JG Seamon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schlegel, Se" uniqKey="Schlegel S">SE Schlegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hiester, Pm" uniqKey="Hiester P">PM Hiester</name></author><author><name sortKey="Landau, Sm" uniqKey="Landau S">SM Landau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Bf" uniqKey="Blumenthal B">BF Blumenthal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiers, Hj" uniqKey="Spiers H">HJ Spiers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiers, Hj" uniqKey="Spiers H">HJ Spiers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maguire, Ea" uniqKey="Maguire E">EA Maguire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, N" uniqKey="Burgess N">N Burgess</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spreng, Rn" uniqKey="Spreng R">RN Spreng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mar, Ra" uniqKey="Mar R">RA Mar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, As" uniqKey="Kim A">AS Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Squire, Lr" uniqKey="Squire L">LR Squire</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Squire, Lr" uniqKey="Squire L">LR Squire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, As" uniqKey="Van Der Horst A">AS van der Horst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcduff, Sg" uniqKey="Mcduff S">SG McDuff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frascino, Jc" uniqKey="Frascino J">JC Frascino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hopkins, Ro" uniqKey="Hopkins R">RO Hopkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mauldin, Kn" uniqKey="Mauldin K">KN Mauldin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suddendorf, T" uniqKey="Suddendorf T">T Suddendorf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suddendorf, T" uniqKey="Suddendorf T">T Suddendorf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corballis, Mc" uniqKey="Corballis M">MC Corballis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Svoboda, E" uniqKey="Svoboda E">E Svoboda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckinnon, Mc" uniqKey="Mckinnon M">MC McKinnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levine, B" uniqKey="Levine B">B Levine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szpunar, Kk" uniqKey="Szpunar K">KK Szpunar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Jm" uniqKey="Watson J">JM Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdermott, Kb" uniqKey="Mcdermott K">KB McDermott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talland, Ga" uniqKey="Talland G">GA Talland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tulving, E" uniqKey="Tulving E">E Tulving</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tulving, E" uniqKey="Tulving E">E Tulving</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Williams, Jm" uniqKey="Williams J">JM Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellis, Nc" uniqKey="Ellis N">NC Ellis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tyers, C" uniqKey="Tyers C">C Tyers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Healy, H" uniqKey="Healy H">H Healy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rose, G" uniqKey="Rose G">G Rose</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macleod, Ak" uniqKey="Macleod A">AK MacLeod</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuroscientist</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Neuroscientist</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">NRO</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">spnro</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Neuroscientist</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1073-8584</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1089-4098</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SAGE Publications</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23846418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4232337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1073858413495091</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1177_1073858413495091</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future</article-title><subtitle>A Common Brain Mechanism?</subtitle></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>Sinéad L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-1073858413495091">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>Eleanor A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-1073858413495091">1</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1-1073858413495091"><label>1</label>Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="corresp1-1073858413495091">Eleanor A. Maguire, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Email: <email>e.maguire@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pmc-comment>Fake ppub date generated by PMC from publisher
pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder content-type="sage">SAGE Publications</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm">http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>On the face of it, memory, imagination, and prediction seem to be distinct cognitive functions. However, metacognitive, cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence is emerging that they are not, suggesting intimate links in their underlying processes. Here, we explore these empirical findings and the evolving theoretical frameworks that seek to explain how a common neural system supports our recollection of times past, imagination, and our attempts to predict the future.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>imagination</kwd><kwd>future</kwd><kwd>episodic memory</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>scenes</kwd><kwd>navigation</kwd><kwd>prospection</kwd><kwd>scene construction</kwd><kwd>simulation</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>fMRI</kwd><kwd>neuropsychology</kwd><kwd>amnesia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p><disp-quote><p>We predominantly stand in the present facing the future rather than looking back to the past</p><attrib>—<xref rid="bibr83-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Suddendorf and Corballis (2007)</xref></attrib></disp-quote></p><p>Although not immediately intuitive, the idea that memory, imagination, and predicting what might happen in the future are intimately linked is not new. Throughout the centuries this notion has consistently reemerged within philosophical, psychological, and contemporary work, along with the belief that the role of recollection is to serve imagination and prediction of the future. For instance, in <xref rid="bibr49-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">1798</xref>, Immanuel Kant noted that “Recalling the past (remembering) occurs only with the intention of making it possible to foresee the future” (p. 77); in 1871 the White Queen in Lewis Carroll’s <italic>Through the Looking Glass</italic> astutely observed, “It’s a poor sort of memory that only works backwards” (<xref rid="bibr21-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Carroll 1871</xref>, chap. 5); whereas in <xref rid="bibr82-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">2006</xref>, Suddendorf argued, “It is accurate prediction of the future, more so than accurate memory of the past per se, that conveys adaptive advantage” (p. 1007).</p><p>There is behavioral evidence supporting the connection between memory and imagination of the future. For instance, <xref rid="bibr28-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">D’Argembeau and Van der Linden (2004)</xref> asked participants to mentally “re-experience” personal past events (episodic memory) or to “pre-experience” (episodic future thinking; <xref rid="bibr9-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Atance and O’Neill 2001</xref>) possible future events that had/would occur in the close or distant past/future. For the past and future, temporally close events were associated with more sensorial and contextual details and evoked stronger feelings of re-experiencing (or pre-experiencing) than the temporally distant equivalents. Similarly, <xref rid="bibr29-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">D’Argembeau and Van der Linden (2006)</xref> showed that individual differences, such as capacity for visual imagery, affect the phenomenological experience of episodic memory and episodic future thinking. Notably, specific errors made when recollecting the past are also evident when people engage in predicting the future (for a review, see <xref rid="bibr36-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Gilbert and Wilson 2007</xref>).</p><p>If memory and imagination are intimately linked, it is natural to ask whether they are supported by the same neural structures. This has been examined in two ways, one with a focus on the hippocampus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1-1073858413495091">Fig. 1</xref>) and the other with an eye to an extended set of brain areas—including medial and lateral prefrontal, posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices, lateral temporal cortex, and the medial temporal lobes (MTL)—often called the “core network” for episodic memory and imagination (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2-1073858413495091">Fig. 2</xref>; <xref rid="bibr18-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Buckner and Carroll 2007</xref>; <xref rid="bibr79-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Spreng and others 2009</xref>). Considering first the hippocampus, since the seminal work of <xref rid="bibr75-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Scoville and Milner (1957)</xref>, the MTL and in particular the hippocampus have been recognized as playing a pivotal role in our ability to recollect past experiences. Their article described the case of HM who underwent bilateral temporal lobectomy for the relief of intractable epilepsy, rendering him amnesic, unable to acquire new episodic memories. They noted “after the operation this young man could no longer recognize the hospital staff nor find his way to the bathroom, and he seemed to recall nothing of the day-to-day events of his hospital life” (<xref rid="bibr75-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Scoville and Milner 1957</xref>, p. 14). The case of HM precipitated 50 years of subsequent work examining the role of the hippocampus in memory (for reviews, see <xref rid="bibr26-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Corkin 2002</xref>; <xref rid="bibr80-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Squire 2004</xref>).</p><fig id="fig1-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>The human hippocampus. The top panel shows the hippocampi circled in red on sagittal (left), coronal (middle) and axial (right) views from a structural MRI brain scan. The hippocampus is composed of a number of subfields, CA1, CA2, CA3, which are adjoined by neighboring areas—the dentate gyrus (DG), the subiculum (SUB), presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex—to form the extended hippocampal formation. Three-dimensional images of two example hippocampi are shown with some of the subregions indicated (from <xref rid="bibr14-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Bonnici and others 2012</xref>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>The “core network” for memory and imagination. These are the activations in common for recalling personal past events, recalling previously imagined scenes, and constructing novel scenes (from <xref rid="bibr39-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007a</xref>). They are depicted on the averaged structural MRI brain scan of the study’s participants. Areas engaged, relative to baseline control tasks, included lateral and medial prefrontal cortices, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and retrosplenial cortices, lateral and medial temporal areas, including parahippocampal cortex and the hippocampus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig2"></graphic></fig><p>Memory, however, is not the only function that has been ascribed to the hippocampus. In the 1970s, <xref rid="bibr65-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">O’Keefe and Dostrovsky (1971)</xref> discovered cells in the rat hippocampus that displayed location-specific firing (so-called “place cells”; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3-1073858413495091">Fig. 3A</xref>), and damage to the hippocampus was found to severely disrupt spatial navigation ability (<xref rid="bibr59-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Morris and others 1982</xref>). This evidence prompted <xref rid="bibr66-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">O’Keefe and Nadel (1978)</xref> to suggest the hippocampus plays a key role in both memory and spatial navigation. Although this idea has been debated (<xref rid="bibr23-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Cohen and Eichenbaum 1991</xref>), the onus remains on theoretical accounts of hippocampal function to explain the mnemonic (<xref rid="bibr78-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Spiers and others 2001</xref>) and navigation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3-1073858413495091">Fig. 3B</xref>; <xref rid="bibr57-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and others 2006</xref>) deficits observed in patients following bilateral hippocampal damage (<xref rid="bibr20-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Burgess and others 2002</xref>). But it seems that even explaining memory and navigation is not sufficient; as the links between memory, imagination, and thinking about the future have crystallized, evidence has started to accrue implicating the hippocampus and the core network in these latter functions also. In fact, there has been an explosion of interest in this domain, with <xref rid="bibr50-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Klein (2013)</xref> noting a 10-fold increase in investigative activity in the last five years. So what is the evidence that a common neural system, which includes the hippocampus, underpins memory, imagination, and prediction of the future?</p><fig id="fig3-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Spatial navigation. (A) Recordings from the hippocampi of freely-moving rats show the presence of place cells that exhibit location-specific firing (<xref rid="bibr6-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Amaral and Witter, 1989</xref>, and <xref rid="bibr19-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Burgess and others 1999</xref>; reprinted with permission from Elsevier and Oxford University Press). The cell depicted here had its place field in the upper right corner of the arena. (B) When humans navigated routes around a virtual reality version of central London, UK, during fMRI scanning, their hippocampus was engaged (from <xref rid="bibr77-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Spiers and Maguire, 2006</xref>). Map reproduced by permission of Geographers’ A-Z Map Co. Ltd. © Crown Copyright 2005. All rights reserved. Licence number 100017302.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig3"></graphic></fig><sec id="section1-1073858413495091"><title>Neuropsychological Evidence</title><sec id="section2-1073858413495091"><title>Patients with Bilateral Hippocampal Damage and Amnesia</title><p>Initial interest in the neural substrates of the imagination of future scenarios can be traced to early neuropsychological observations which tentatively suggested that patients with severe amnesia also had difficulties imagining and planning their personal future (e.g., <xref rid="bibr53-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Korsakoff and others 1996</xref>; <xref rid="bibr86-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Talland 1965</xref>). This paved the way for more detailed investigations. For instance, patient KC who became profoundly amnesic after suffering widespread brain damage (including to the MTL) appeared unable to imagine his personal future (<xref rid="bibr87-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Tulving 1985</xref>; see also <xref rid="bibr72-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Rosenbaum and others 2005</xref>). Similarly, patient DB displayed episodic memory impairments equal in severity to patient KC’s and was also unable to project himself into the future (<xref rid="bibr51-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Klein and others 2002</xref>). As these patients had suffered widespread neurological damage it was not possible to localize the ability to think about the future to specific brain regions.</p><p>No formal study was published investigating HM’s ability to imagine fictitious events, but anecdotal evidence suggests his ability to predict his personal future was impaired. When, in 1992, HM was asked what he believed he would do tomorrow he replied “whatever is beneficial” and appeared to have “no database to consult when asked what he would do the next day, week, or in years to come” (S. Corkin, personal communication; cited in <xref rid="bibr30-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">de Vito and Della Sala 2011</xref>). Similarly, when HM was asked to make a prediction about his personal future, he would respond with a happening from the distant past or he did not respond at all (S. Steinvorth and S. Corkin, personal communication; cited in <xref rid="bibr17-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Buckner 2010</xref>). This suggests that the MTL, including the hippocampus, supports the recollection of the past and the imagination of the future.</p><p>It was not until 2007, however, that the first systematic study of imagination ability in patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage was published (<xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007b</xref>). These profoundly amnesic patients were unable to construct atemporal fictitious scenes (i.e., scenes with no past or future temporal connotations) in the mind’s eye or to imagine future events involving themselves. For example, when asked to imagine simple fictional scenes such as “imagine lying on a white sandy beach in a beautiful tropical bay” they, unlike controls, struggled to construct a coherent response (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4-1073858413495091">Fig. 4</xref>). When formally measured, the patients’ scenes were significantly less vivid and more spatially fragmented than those of controls, effects that have since been replicated in a new cohort of seven amnesic patients with focal hippocampal damage (<xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>). Interestingly, this deficit did not appear to be a generalized imagination deficit as the patients were able to vividly imagine single acontextual objects. Nor did it appear to be solely attributable to their memory deficits, because when they were presented with all of the individual scene components required to construct scenes, the patients remained unable to use these elements to form cohesive scene representations (<xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007b</xref>). <xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others (2007b)</xref> proposed that there was something specific about the imagination of spatially coherent fictitious or future scenes that requires the hippocampus.</p><fig id="fig4-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p>Scene construction in patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia. The top panel shows an example of an imagined scenario from <xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others (2007b)</xref>. The cue is shown at the top, below which is an excerpt from P03, a patient with bilateral hippocampal damage, followed by that of a control participant who was age-, education-, and IQ-matched to P03. Interviewer’s probing comments are in italics. Relevant background information is noted in square brackets. Underneath are shown coronal sections from the MRI brain scans of four patients, including P03, who were impaired at constructing scenes. The bilateral hippocampal atrophy is notable on each scan. In the lower panel (left) scores on the Experiential Index are provided—this was a measure of the overall richness of the imagined scenes. On the right, scores from the Spatial Coherence Index are given—this was a measure of the spatial contiguity and coherence of the scenes. Data for each of the four patients and every control participant are represented by black dots; horizontal bars indicate the group means.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig4"></graphic></fig><p>Other groups have since reported scene imagination deficits in patients with bilateral hippocampal damage (<xref rid="bibr7-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Andelman and others 2010</xref>; <xref rid="bibr69-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Race and others 2011</xref>). For example, <xref rid="bibr69-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Race and others (2011)</xref> found that amnesic patients with MTL damage were impaired at recollecting their remote and recent past and at imagining their near and distant futures. Critically, these patients were able to generate appropriate and detailed story-based narratives when presented with drawings of scenes, indicating that a generalized narrative problem is unlikely to account for the deficits observed.</p><p>Of note, several studies have observed apparently preserved ability to construct scenes in hippocampal-damaged amnesic patients. <xref rid="bibr61-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others (2012a)</xref> reported the case of P01, who had 50% volume loss along the length of both hippocampi and was densely amnesic, but who was nevertheless able to construct scenes in his imagination. Using fMRI they found that P01’s ability to construct scenes was associated with increased activity in the remnant tissue of his right hippocampus. This suggests that residual function in his lesioned hippocampus was sufficient to support basic scene construction, but this was not enough to rescue his impaired episodic memory which likely requires intact connectivity between the hippocampus and the wider core network. In another study that failed to observe imagination-based deficits in patients with hippocampal damage (<xref rid="bibr81-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Squire and others 2010</xref>), the patients were in fact not amnesic, showing instead only mild and non-significant memory deficits when compared with a control group (see more on this in <xref rid="bibr55-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Hassabis 2011</xref>).</p><p>In the preceding patients, hippocampal damage occurred in adulthood. There is another group of patients whose damage is sustained much earlier in life resulting in developmental amnesia. Interestingly, such patients have been found to have a preserved ability to construct scenes (<xref rid="bibr25-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Cooper and others 2011</xref>; <xref rid="bibr44-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hurley and others 2011</xref>; <xref rid="bibr58-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and others 2010</xref>). However, it appears that their scene construction is effortful, and may be based on their intact semantic memory and world knowledge (<xref rid="bibr50-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Klein 2013</xref>). As such, it does not involve true visualization of an imagined scene, is limited and hippocampal independent.</p></sec><sec id="section3-1073858413495091"><title>Imagination Deficits in Other Populations</title><p>Imagination deficits have also been observed in older adults and in other patient groups; populations in which hippocampal and other neural components of the “core network” are known to be compromised (for review, see <xref rid="bibr73-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Schacter and others 2008</xref>). In one study, <xref rid="bibr5-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others (2008)</xref> noted deficits in future simulations in older adults. In a subsequent study, <xref rid="bibr1-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others (2010)</xref> sought to investigate whether impairment could simply be an expression of episodic memory deficits whereby elderly adults simply “recast” entire remembered events into the future. Using a recombination paradigm (see also <xref rid="bibr2-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others 2009</xref>) participants first provided a set of autobiographical memories and were later asked to imagine novel events containing a combination of specific details taken from these episodic memories. The older adults continued to generate fewer episodic details for imagined events suggesting that recollection difficulties alone cannot explain their impaired imagination (see also <xref rid="bibr3-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others 2011</xref>; <xref rid="bibr35-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Gaesser and others 2011</xref>; <xref rid="bibr71-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Romero and Moscovitch 2012</xref>).</p><p>Coexisting memory and imagination impairments have also been noted in a number of other populations. <xref rid="bibr89-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Williams and others (1996)</xref> reported that suicidal, depressed patients’ recollection of the past and simulation of the future lacked specific details and appeared “over-general” relative to controls. <xref rid="bibr27-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">D’Argembeau and others (2008)</xref> found that patients with schizophrenia generated significantly fewer episodic details for both past and future events. Interestingly, hippocampal atrophy has been documented in depression (<xref rid="bibr16-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Bremner and others 2000</xref>), schizophrenia (<xref rid="bibr43-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Herold and others 2013</xref>), and in the aging brain (<xref rid="bibr34-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Driscoll and Sutherland 2005</xref>), suggesting that damage to this brain region may be a critical factor underlying these disparate cognitive impairments.</p><p>Looking beyond the hippocampus, there have been few neuropsychological studies focused on the role of brain areas outside the MTL in imagination of fictitious/future scenes/events. In one such study, <xref rid="bibr13-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Berryhill and others (2010)</xref> tested patients with parietal and prefrontal cortex lesions. Both patient types were impaired, although the precise reasons for this were unclear. The authors suggest, for example, that the frontal patients may have had difficulty with accessing and/or selecting elements for inclusion in the imagined scenes. Nevertheless, this study illustrates that the hippocampus does not act alone in imagination and predicting the future.</p></sec></sec><sec id="section4-1073858413495091"><title>Neuroimaging Evidence</title><p>A wider network beyond the hippocampus has been highlighted in particular by neuroimaging studies. Episodic memory has been consistently linked with activation of the core network (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5-1073858413495091">Fig. 5</xref>; reviewed in <xref rid="bibr54-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire 2001</xref>; <xref rid="bibr84-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Svoboda and others 2006</xref>). Attention then turned to probing whether imagination of fictitious and future events are also supported by a wider set of brain areas beyond the hippocampus, as suggested by the neuropsychological findings, and if these are the same regions that support episodic memory (<xref rid="bibr67-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Okuda and others 2003</xref>). <xref rid="bibr4-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others (2007)</xref> showed extensive overlap in activity of this network (the medial and lateral prefrontal, posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and lateral temporal cortices, and the MTL) when participants recollected or imagined detailed events. This suggests that the episodic system is not solely involved in memory but may also support imagination-based processes. This was later extended to include scene construction processes when <xref rid="bibr39-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others (2007a)</xref> reported activation of the core network when participants recollected episodic memories, recollected previously imagined fictitious scenes, or constructed entirely novel fictitious scenes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2-1073858413495091">Fig. 2</xref>; see also <xref rid="bibr2-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Addis and others 2009</xref>; <xref rid="bibr15-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Botzung and others 2008</xref>; Spreng and others; <xref rid="bibr85-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Szpunar and others 2007</xref>). In summary, these data, coupled with the neuropsychological evidence, strongly indicate that the core network of brain regions that includes the hippocampus supports both mnemonic and imagination/simulation based processes.</p><fig id="fig5-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p>The episodic memory network. Significant peaks of activity from a meta-analysis of 24 neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory (from <xref rid="bibr84-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Svoboda and others 2006</xref>). The classic “core” episodic memory network can be seen in red and includes the hippocampus bilaterally, parahippocampal gyrus, retrosplenial, posterior cingulate and posterior parietal cortices, and medial prefrontal cortex. Activations in core, secondary and infrequently reported regions are depicted across right and left, lateral, medial, and subcortical planes. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig5"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="section5-1073858413495091"><title>Theoretical Accounts</title><sec id="section6-1073858413495091"><title>Mental Time Travel into the Future</title><p>A number of theories have been proposed which attempt to explain the overlap between memory and imagination. One such account is based on <xref rid="bibr88-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Tulving’s (2002)</xref> proposal that recollection of episodic memories involves a mental journey into the past (i.e., mental time travel) in which one has a subjective sense of self over time (“autonoesis”). This concept of mental time travel or self-projection, believed to depend on the integrity of the hippocampus, can also be applied to imagining the future and possibly spatial navigation (<xref rid="bibr18-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Buckner and Carroll 2007</xref>; <xref rid="bibr83-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Suddendorf and Corballis 2007</xref>; <xref rid="bibr85-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Szpunar and others 2007</xref>). This account, however, struggles to explain why hippocampal-damaged patients are unable to imagine atemporal fictitious scenes (<xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007b</xref>; <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>). Indeed, a recent fMRI study found that frontal and parietal cortices, but not the hippocampus, supported mental time travel (<xref rid="bibr64-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Nyberg and others 2010</xref>), and <xref rid="bibr8-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Andrews-Hanna and others (2010)</xref> showed that imagining scenes best accounted for activity in the hippocampus and MTL, whereas other regions were concerned with the self and with time. Thus, the idea of mental time travel has undoubted heuristic value and may account for the contributions of some areas in the core network to imagining the future, but not the hippocampus.</p></sec><sec id="section7-1073858413495091"><title>Constructive Episodic Simulation Hypothesis</title><p>The constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (reviewed in <xref rid="bibr74-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Schacter and others 2012</xref>) proposes that episodic memory and thinking about the future are supported by a similar neural network because they are both constructive in nature. In this way, episodic memory is conceptualized as a constructive process (<xref rid="bibr12-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Bartlett 1932</xref>), whose critical function is to make available the information required for the simulation/construction of future events. Thus, information is processed in a manner that enables the relevant details to be flexibly recombined to form a novel event. This hypothesized recombination process dovetails with existing theoretical accounts of hippocampal function that emphasize the role of the hippocampus in binding arbitrary or accidentally occurring relations among individual elements within an experience (the relational theory; <xref rid="bibr24-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Cohen and Eichenbaum 1993</xref>; <xref rid="bibr52-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Konkel and Cohen 2009</xref>) and/or to the specific scene context (the binding of items and contexts model, <xref rid="bibr70-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Ranganath 2010</xref>). In this way the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis elegantly explains the co-activation of the core network during self-relevant mnemonic and future simulation processes. However, this account does not explain why patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia have such striking spatial navigation impairments (<xref rid="bibr20-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Burgess and others 2002</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="section8-1073858413495091"><title>Scene Construction Theory</title><p>A third account is the scene construction theory (SCT; <xref rid="bibr41-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and Maguire 2007</xref>, <xref rid="bibr42-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; <xref rid="bibr56-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Mullally 2013</xref>), which was originally proposed following the observation that patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia are unable to imagine scenes. In contrast to the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis, which had a broader focus on the core network, SCT attempts to account specifically for the role of the hippocampus in imagination, memory, and spatial navigation. In essence, SCT proposes that the hippocampus primarily acts to facilitate the construction of atemporal scenes and in doing so allows the event details of episodic memories and imagined future experiences a foundation on which to reside. In this way, hippocampal-dependent scene construction processes are held to underpin and support episodic memory, predicting the future, spatial navigation, and perhaps even dreaming and mind-wandering (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6-1073858413495091">Fig. 6</xref>), with the addition of self-related and temporal processing implemented via the recruitment of other regions within the core network.</p><fig id="fig6-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 6.</label><caption><p>The scene construction theory (<xref rid="bibr41-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and Maguire 2007</xref>, <xref rid="bibr42-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; <xref rid="bibr56-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Mullally 2013</xref>) contends that episodic memory, navigation, imagining fictitious scenes and imagining the future (and perhaps even dreaming and mind-wandering) encompass many processes that are not the primary concern of the hippocampus. Nevertheless, it proposes that they each rely on the hippocampus for a critical component which is the construction of spatially coherent scenes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig6"></graphic></fig><p>Scene construction theory thus places scenes at the center of hippocampal information processing. It does not suggest that the hippocampus is solely responsible for episodic memory, future thinking, and spatial navigation, but rather that the hippocampus supplies a crucial ingredient—scene construction—that they each require (see more on this in <xref rid="bibr56-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Mullally 2013</xref>). This has intuitive appeal—for most people, recalling the past, thinking about the future, and planning how to get somewhere typically involves imagining scenes. Scenes are also a highly efficient means of packaging information. The SCT also resonates with the patients’ experiences of trying to imagine scenes:<disp-quote><p>There is no scene in front of me here. It’s frustrating because I feel like there should be. I feel like I’m listening to the radio instead of watching it on the TV. I’m trying to imagine different things happening but there’s no visual scene opening out in front of me.</p><p>It’s hard trying to get the space, it keeps getting squashed. (<xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>).</p></disp-quote></p><p>The appeal of the SCT is that it offers a unified account of why such a wide range of seemingly disparate functions are impaired following hippocampal damage.</p><p>Further recent evidence appears to place scene construction at the heart of hippocampal processing. Boundary extension (BE; <xref rid="bibr47-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Intraub and Richardson 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7-1073858413495091">Fig. 7A</xref>) is a ubiquitous cognitive phenomenon where we erroneously remember seeing more of a scene than was present in the sensory input, and occurs because when we view a scene, we implicitly extrapolate beyond the borders to form an extended representation of that scene. In the absence of the original visual input, this extended scene is misremembered instead of the original input, causing a memory error. BE is a robust and consistent effect found in adults (<xref rid="bibr47-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Intraub and Richardson 1989</xref>; <xref rid="bibr76-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Seamon and others 2002</xref>), children (<xref rid="bibr76-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Seamon and others 2002</xref>) and even babies (<xref rid="bibr68-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Quinn and Intraub 2007</xref>). Of note, BE only occurs in relation to scenes and not single isolated objects (<xref rid="bibr37-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Gottesman and Intraub 2002</xref>), a dissociation that mirrors the imagination dichotomy observed in amnesic patients (<xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007b</xref>).</p><fig id="fig7-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 7.</label><caption><p>The phenomenon of boundary extension. (A) Healthy participants viewed the picture on the left for 15 seconds. It was then removed and they were required to immediately draw the picture from memory. An example drawing is shown on the right. It is obvious that the participant included much more background than was presented in the picture seconds earlier, thus exhibiting boundary extension (BE; from <xref rid="bibr46-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Intraub and others 1996</xref>; reprinted with permission from Elsevier). (B) BE has two phases. When we see a picture of a scene (top panel), we automatically extrapolate beyond the physical edges of that scene (second panel). This active extension of the scene is the “BE effect.” When the scene is no longer present, the extended content and context beyond the boundaries become incorporated into our internal representation of the scene (third panel). Thus, in phase 2, when exactly the same picture is presented at test (fourth panel), we compare the now extended internal representation to the test picture, leading to a perception that the test picture is “closer” than the original study picture, even though they are identical. This memory error is the “BE error,” (from <xref rid="bibr22-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Chadwick and others 2012</xref>; reprinted with permission from Elsevier).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig7"></graphic></fig><p>Boundary extension is composed of two stages (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7-1073858413495091">Fig. 7B</xref>). The first (the BE effect) requires intact scene construction because it involves the active extrapolation of the scene beyond its physical boundaries resulting in an internally generated “extended scene” representation that persists when the scene is no longer visible. The second phase (the BE error) occurs at retrieval when this internally generated extended scene is conflated with the previously viewed scene from phase 1 producing a memory error. Thus, when people are presented consecutively with exactly the same scene, they consistently judge the scene that is viewed second as being closer-up than the first scene, even though the two scenes are identical. The original scene need only be absent for as little as 42 ms for BE to be apparent, underscoring the online and spontaneous nature of the BE effect (<xref rid="bibr45-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Intraub and Dickinson 2008</xref>). Critically, BE depends on an intact ability to construct scenes. Thus, patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and severe amnesia, who are unable to construct scenes should be unable to form this extended representation and therefore fail to commit the BE memory error. This would result in a situation where amnesic patients display superior memory performance relative to healthy controls.</p><p>This is exactly what <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others (2012b)</xref> recently demonstrated on a variety BE paradigms (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8-1073858413495091">Fig. 8</xref>). They investigated BE using a rapid serial visual presentation task (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8-1073858413495091">Fig. 8A</xref>) whereby participants were consecutively presented with two identical scenes and asked to rate the second scene relative to the first (note that on any one trial the two scenes were identical). Seven patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia correctly identified that the study and test pictures were identical with greater frequency than controls, demonstrating more veridical memory (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8-1073858413495091">Fig. 8B</xref>). They also made significantly fewer BE-driven errors (“closer-up” responses), whereas the number of random errors (“further away” responses) did not differ between the groups.</p><fig id="fig8-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 8.</label><caption><p>Boundary extension (BE) in patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia. (A) Timeline of an example trial from a rapid serial visual presentation BE task (from <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>). The initial photograph of a simple scene was presented briefly followed by a dynamically changing mask. The second (test) picture (which unknown to the participants was always identical to the original picture) immediately followed the mask. The task was to rate the second picture relative to the first. There were five options ranging from “much closer-up” to “much farther away,” including the correct response “the same.” (B) BE is revealed by disproportionally larger number of “closer-up” responses. Overall, <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others (2012b)</xref> found that control participants made significantly more of these erroneous responses, whereas patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia made significantly more accurate (i.e., “the same”) responses, and thus showed significantly reduced BE relative to controls. Means (±SEM); *<italic>P</italic> < 0.05. (C) In a drawing task (also from <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>) scene photographs (examples shown in the left panel) were studied for 15 seconds and immediately drawn from memory. Drawings by an example hippocampal-damaged amnesic patient (middle left panel) and two matched healthy control participants (middle right and right panels) are displayed. As is evident, this patient more accurately depicted the proportional size of the object relative to the background whereas the control participants’ drawings expose how they extrapolated beyond the given view. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig8"></graphic></fig><p>Participants also performed other BE tasks where they drew simple scenes from memory, and explored and reconstructed scenes while blindfolded using touch alone (haptic task). In both instances the amnesic patients’ BE was greatly attenuated. Overall, therefore, these hippocampal-damaged patients had significantly reduced BE relative to matched controls across a number of independent measures. However, being unencumbered by the BE effect meant that these amnesic patients displayed superior memory to that of non-amnesic controls. Consequently, these results enabled <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others (2012b)</xref> to conclude that the patients’ attenuated BE could not be attributed to memory impairment. Therefore, in this context, impaired memory did not lead to impaired scene construction. Instead, impaired scene construction actually lead to better memory; thus successfully separating these two processes.</p><p>These data also suggest that a function of the hippocampus is the implicit and continuous prediction of the upcoming environment, that is, the hippocampus is continually constructing scenes, extrapolating beyond the boundaries of our current field of view. A recent neuroimaging study (<xref rid="bibr22-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Chadwick and others 2012</xref>) that investigated the role of the hippocampus in BE, supports this hypothesis. Specifically, they found robust activity in the hippocampus during the presentation of the original scene stimulus. Significantly, this activity was observed only on the trials where participants later committed the BE error. This suggests that the hippocampus is involved early at the initial stages of the BE effect where the predictive scene extension processes (attenuated in the hippocampal-damaged patients) are hypothesized to occur. Thus, far from indexing mnemonic impairment, these data (<xref rid="bibr22-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Chadwick and others 2012</xref>; <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>), in addition to the original scene construction findings (<xref rid="bibr39-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007a</xref>; <xref rid="bibr40-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Hassabis and others 2007b</xref>; <xref rid="bibr62-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and others 2012b</xref>), support the idea that the primary function of the hippocampus may not be mnemonic (<xref rid="bibr56-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Mullally 2013</xref>; see also <xref rid="bibr38-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Graham and others 2010</xref>) but may instead be to predict the nature of the world beyond the immediate sensorium (<xref rid="bibr11-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Bar 2011</xref>).</p><p>Interestingly, electrophysiological studies in rodents documenting preplay are starting to add to this evolving picture by hinting at animal parallels in imagining and predicting what might occur in the future (e.g., <xref rid="bibr31-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Diba and Buzsaki 2007</xref>; <xref rid="bibr32-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Dragoi and Tonegawa 2011</xref>, <xref rid="bibr33-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>; <xref rid="bibr48-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Johnson and Redish 2007</xref>; <xref rid="bibr60-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Moser and Moser 2011</xref>; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9-1073858413495091">Fig. 9</xref>).</p><fig id="fig9-1073858413495091" position="float"><label>Figure 9.</label><caption><p>Replay and preplay in the mouse hippocampus. This cartoon (from <xref rid="bibr60-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Moser and Moser 2011</xref>, reproduced from <italic>Nature</italic> with permission) shows that when an animal is resting, sequences of neural activity in its hippocampus resemble those that took place during a previous experience, suggesting that the experience is replayed. <xref rid="bibr32-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Dragoi and Tonegawa (2011)</xref> have shown that resting mice also preplay activity sequences that are predictive of subsequent activity in environments never visited before.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10.1177_1073858413495091-fig9"></graphic></fig></sec></sec><sec id="section9-1073858413495091"><title>Conclusions and Future Directions</title><p>In conclusion, metacognitive, cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence clearly illustrate the close ties between episodic memory, imagination and predicting the future. In general, we believe that future studies in humans could greatly benefit from de-conflating two issues—how do we learn and remember our past experiences, and what does the hippocampus do. Despite the hippocampus being widely regarded as the quintessential episodic memory device, as outlined in this article, memory and the hippocampus are not simply interchangeable. By releasing the hippocampus from strictly mnemonic accounts of its function, we believe that a theoretically enriched understanding of its fundamental role and its breakdown in pathology can emerge. To truly ascertain, then, what it is the hippocampus does, a useful strategy going forward, as proposed in the SCT, may be to consider the range of disparate cognitive functions that have been linked to the hippocampus, including memory, imagination, and predicting the future, and deduce from this what common underlying processes or mechanisms may be hippocampally mediated (<xref rid="bibr56-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Maguire and Mullally 2013</xref>).</p><p>In particular, we need to know more about precisely how the hippocampus supports the construction of scenes, and how this interacts with known computations, such as pattern separation and pattern completion, that occur in its subfields. Does BE occur in non-humans, and if so, what can we learn about the mechanisms involved from electrophysiological studies? Looking beyond the hippocampus, how does hippocampal-dependent scene construction relate to the operation of other cortical areas in the core network such as the parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, that are often labeled as “scene-selective” (<xref rid="bibr10-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Auger and others 2012</xref>; <xref rid="bibr63-1073858413495091" ref-type="bibr">Mullally and Maguire 2011</xref>). What are the precise functions of each area within the core network, and the connectivity between them? There is much yet to learn, and an understanding of the relationship between episodic memory, imagination and predicting the future is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, we are confident that the next five years will hasten important new insights into this question that has intrigued down the ages.</p></sec></body><back><ack><p>Thanks to Anthony Wagner for useful feedback on an earlier draft of the article.</p></ack><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Declaration of Conflicting Interests:</bold> The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</p></fn><fn fn-type="financial-disclosure"><p><bold>Funding:</bold> The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors are supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship to EAM (WT084218).</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="bibr1-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Musicaro</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Pan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Episodic simulation of past and future events in older adults: Evidence from an experimental recombination task</article-title>. <source>Psychol Aging</source><volume>25</volume>:<fpage>369</fpage>–<lpage>76</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20545421</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr2-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Pan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Vu</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Laiser</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2009</year><article-title>Constructive episodic simulation of the future and the past: distinct subsystems of a core brain network mediate imagining and remembering</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>47</volume>:<fpage>2222</fpage>–<lpage>38</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19041331</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr3-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Roberts</surname><given-names>RP</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Age-related neural changes in autobiographical remembering and imagining</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>49</volume>:<fpage>3656</fpage>–<lpage>69</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21945808</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr4-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>AT</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>45</volume>:<fpage>1363</fpage>–<lpage>77</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17126370</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr5-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>AT</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2008</year><article-title>Age-related changes in the episodic simulation of future events</article-title>. <source>Psychol Sci</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>33</fpage>–<lpage>41</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18181789</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr6-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Amaral</surname><given-names>DG</given-names></name><name><surname>Witter</surname><given-names>MP</given-names></name></person-group><year>1989</year><article-title>The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of the anatomical data</article-title>. <source>Neuroscience</source><volume>31</volume>:<fpage>571</fpage>-<lpage>91</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2687721</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr7-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Andelman</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoofien</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Goldberg</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Aizenstein</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Neufeld</surname><given-names>MY</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Bilateral hippocampal lesion and a selective impairment of the ability for mental time travel</article-title>. <source>Neurocase</source><volume>16</volume>:<fpage>426</fpage>–<lpage>35</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20401802</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr8-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Andrews-Hanna</surname><given-names>JR</given-names></name><name><surname>Reidler</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Sepulcre</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Poulin</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Buckner</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network</article-title>. <source>Neuron</source><volume>65</volume>:<fpage>550</fpage>–<lpage>62</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20188659</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr9-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Atance</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>O’Neill</surname><given-names>DK</given-names></name></person-group><year>2001</year><article-title>Episodic future thinking</article-title>. <source>Trends Cogn Sci</source><volume>5</volume>:<fpage>533</fpage>–<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11728911</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr10-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Auger</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012</year><article-title>Retrosplenial cortex codes for permanent landmarks</article-title>. <source>PLoS One</source><volume>7</volume>:<fpage>e43620</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22912894</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr11-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Bar</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group>, editor. <year>2011</year><article-title>Prediction in the brain: Using our past to generate a future</article-title>. <publisher-loc>Oxford, UK</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr12-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bartlett</surname><given-names>FC</given-names></name></person-group><year>1932</year><article-title>Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology</article-title>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr13-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Berryhill</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name><name><surname>Picasso</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Arnold</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Drowos</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>IR</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Similarities and differences between parietal and frontal patients in autobiographical and constructed experience tasks</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>48</volume>:<fpage>1385</fpage>–<lpage>93</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20096710</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr14-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnici</surname><given-names>HM</given-names></name><name><surname>Chadwick</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumaran</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Weiskopf</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012</year><article-title>Multi-voxel pattern analysis in human hippocampal subfields</article-title>. <source>Front Hum Neurosci</source><volume>6</volume>:<fpage>290</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23087638</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr15-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Botzung</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Denkova</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Manning</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><year>2008</year><article-title>Experiencing past and future personal events: functional neuroimaging evidence on the neural bases of mental time travel</article-title>. <source>Brain Cogn</source><volume>66</volume>:<fpage>202</fpage>–<lpage>12</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17881109</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr16-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bremner</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name><name><surname>Narayan</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>ER</given-names></name><name><surname>Staib</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name><name><surname>Miller</surname><given-names>HL</given-names></name><name><surname>Charney</surname><given-names>DS</given-names></name></person-group><year>2000</year><article-title>Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression</article-title>. <source>Am J Psychiatry</source><volume>157</volume>:<fpage>115</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10618023</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr17-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Buckner</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>The role of the hippocampus in prediction and imagination</article-title>. <source>Ann Rev Psychol</source><volume>61</volume>:<fpage>27</fpage>–<lpage>48</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19958178</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr18-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Buckner</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name><name><surname>Carroll</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Self-projection and the brain</article-title>. <source>Trends Cogn Sci</source><volume>11</volume>:<fpage>49</fpage>–<lpage>57</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17188554</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr19-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeffery</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><year>1998</year><article-title>Integrating hippocampal and parietal functions: a spatial point of view</article-title>. In <source>The Hippocampal and Parietal Foundations of Spatial Cognition</source> (Eds. <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeffery</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>). <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr20-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory</article-title>. <source>Neuron</source><volume>35</volume>:<fpage>625</fpage>–<lpage>41</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12194864</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr21-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carroll</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><year>1871</year><article-title>Through the looking glass</article-title>. <publisher-loc>London, UK</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Penguin Popular Classics</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr22-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chadwick</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012</year><article-title>The hippocampus extrapolates beyond the view in scenes: an fMRI study of boundary extension</article-title>. <source>Cortex</source>. Epub Nov 29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr23-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Eichenbaum</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><year>1991</year><article-title>The theory that wouldn’t die: a critical look at the spatial mapping theory of hippocampal function</article-title>. <source>Hippocampus</source><volume>1</volume>:<fpage>265</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1669304</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr24-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Eichenbaum</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><year>1993</year><article-title>Memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal system</article-title>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>MIT Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr25-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Vargha-Khadem</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Gadian</surname><given-names>DG</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>The effect of hippocampal damage in children on recalling the past and imagining new experiences</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>49</volume>:<fpage>1843</fpage>–<lpage>50</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21414334</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr26-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Corkin</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>What’s new with the amnesic patient HM?</article-title><source>Nat Rev Neurosci</source><volume>3</volume>:<fpage>153</fpage>–<lpage>60</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11836523</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr27-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Argembeau</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Raffard</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Van der Linden</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>2008</year><article-title>Remembering the past and imagining the future in schizophrenia</article-title>. <source>J Abnorm Psychol</source><volume>117</volume>:<fpage>247</fpage>–<lpage>51</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18266503</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr28-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Argembeau</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Van der Linden</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>2004</year><article-title>Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: influence of valence and temporal distance</article-title>. <source>Conscious Cogn</source>, <volume>13</volume>:<fpage>844</fpage>–<lpage>58</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15522635</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr29-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Argembeau</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Van der Linden</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>2006</year><article-title>Individual differences in the phenomenology of mental time travel: the effect of vivid visual imagery and emotion regulation strategies</article-title>. <source>Conscious Cogn</source><volume>15</volume>:<fpage>342</fpage>–<lpage>50</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16230028</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr30-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>de Vito</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Della Sala</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Predicting the future</article-title>. <source>Cortex</source><volume>47</volume>:<fpage>1018</fpage>–<lpage>22</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21450285</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr31-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Diba</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Buzsaki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Forward and reverse hippocampal place-cells sequences during ripples</article-title>. <source>Nat Neurosci</source><volume>10</volume>:<fpage>2141</fpage>–<lpage>2</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr32-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dragoi</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Tonegawa</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Preplay of future place cell sequences by hippocampal cellular assemblies</article-title>. <source>Nature</source><volume>469</volume>:<fpage>397</fpage>–<lpage>401</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21179088</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr33-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dragoi</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Tonegawa</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><year>2013</year><article-title>Distinct preplay of multiple novel spatial experiences in the rat</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>110</volume>:<fpage>9100</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23671088</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr34-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Driscoll</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Sutherland</surname><given-names>RJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>2005</year><article-title>The aging hippocampus: navigating between rat and human experiments</article-title>. <source>Rev Neurosci</source><volume>16</volume>:<fpage>87</fpage>–<lpage>121</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15957576</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr35-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gaesser</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Sacchetti</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Characterizing age-related changes in remembering the past and imagining the future</article-title>. <source>Psychol Aging</source><volume>26</volume>:<fpage>80</fpage>–<lpage>4</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21058863</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr36-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gilbert</surname><given-names>DT</given-names></name><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>TD</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Prospection: experiencing the future</article-title>. <source>Science</source><volume>317</volume>:<fpage>1351</fpage>–<lpage>4</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17823345</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr37-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gottesman</surname><given-names>CV</given-names></name><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>Surface construal and the mental representation of scenes</article-title>. <source>J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform</source><volume>28</volume>:<fpage>589</fpage>–<lpage>99</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12075890</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr38-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>KS</given-names></name><name><surname>Barense</surname><given-names>MD</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>AC</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Going beyond LTM in the MTL: a synthesis of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings on the role of the medial temporal lobe in memory and perception</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>48</volume>:<fpage>831</fpage>–<lpage>53</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20074580</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr39-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumaran</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007a</year><article-title>Using imagination to understand the neural basis of episodic memory</article-title>. <source>J Neurosci</source><volume>27</volume>:<fpage>14365</fpage>–<lpage>74</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18160644</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr40-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumaran</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Vann</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007b</year><article-title>Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>104</volume>:<fpage>1726</fpage>–<lpage>31</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17229836</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr41-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Deconstructing episodic memory with construction</article-title>. <source>Trends Cogn Sci</source><volume>11</volume>:<fpage>299</fpage>–<lpage>306</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17548229</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr42-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2009</year><article-title>The construction system of the brain</article-title>. <source>Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</source><volume>364</volume>:<fpage>1263</fpage>–<lpage>71</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19528007</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr43-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Herold</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Lasser</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><name><surname>Schmid</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name><name><surname>Seidl</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Kong</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Fellhauer</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group>, and others. <year>2013</year><article-title>Hippocampal volume reduction and autobiographical memory deficits in chronic schizophrenia</article-title>. <source>Psychiatry Res</source><volume>211</volume>:<fpage>189</fpage>–<lpage>94</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23158776</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr44-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hurley</surname><given-names>NC</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Vargha-Khadem</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Patient HC with developmental amnesia can construct future scenarios</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>49</volume>:<fpage>3620</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21964201</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr45-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Dickinson</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2008</year><article-title>False memory 1/20th of a second later: what the early onset of boundary extension reveals about perception</article-title>. <source>Psychol Sci</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>1007</fpage>–<lpage>14</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19000211</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr46-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Gottesman</surname><given-names>CV</given-names></name><name><surname>Willey</surname><given-names>EV</given-names></name><name><surname>Zuk</surname><given-names>IJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>1996</year><article-title>Boundary extension for briefly glimpsed photographs: do common perceptual processes result in unexpected memory distortions?</article-title><source>J Mem Lang</source><volume>35</volume>:<fpage>118</fpage>–<lpage>34</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr47-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Richardson</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>1989</year><article-title>Wide-angle memories of close-up scenes</article-title>. <source>J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn</source><volume>15</volume>:<fpage>179</fpage>–<lpage>87</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2522508</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr48-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Redish</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Neural ensembles in CA3 transiently encode paths forward of the animal at a decision point</article-title>. <source>J Neurosci</source><volume>27</volume>:<fpage>12176</fpage>–<lpage>89</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17989284</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr49-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kant</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group><year>1798</year><article-title>Der Streit der Fakultäten [The conflict of the faculties]</article-title>. <publisher-loc>Königsberg, Germany</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Friedrich Nicolovius</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr50-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>SB</given-names></name></person-group><year>2013</year><article-title>The complex act of projecting oneself into the future</article-title>. <source>WIREs Cogn Sci</source><volume>4</volume>:<fpage>63</fpage>–<lpage>79</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr51-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>SB</given-names></name><name><surname>Loftus</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Kihlstrom</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>Memory and temporal experience: the effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient’s ability to remember the past and imagine the future</article-title>. <source>Soc Cogn</source><volume>20</volume>:<fpage>353</fpage>–<lpage>79</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr52-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Konkel</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>2009</year><article-title>Relational memory and the hippocampus: representations and methods</article-title>. <source>Front Neurosci</source><volume>3</volume>:<fpage>166</fpage>–<lpage>74</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20011138</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr53-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Korsakoff</surname><given-names>SS</given-names></name><name><surname>Banks</surname><given-names>WP</given-names></name><name><surname>Karam</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>1996</year><article-title>Medico-psychological study of a memory disorder. 1889</article-title>. <source>Conscious Cogn</source><volume>5</volume>:<fpage>2</fpage>–<lpage>21</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr54-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2001</year><article-title>Neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory</article-title>. <source>Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</source><volume>356</volume>:<fpage>1441</fpage>–<lpage>51</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11571035</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr55-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Role of the hippocampus in imagination and future thinking</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>108</volume>:<fpage>E39</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21372268</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr56-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2013</year><article-title>The hippocampus: a manifesto for change</article-title>. <source>J Exp Psychol Gen</source> (in press).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr57-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Nannery</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Spiers</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name></person-group><year>2006</year><article-title>Navigation around London by a taxi driver with bilateral hippocampal lesions</article-title>. <source>Brain</source><volume>129</volume>:<fpage>2894</fpage>–<lpage>907</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17071921</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr58-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Vargha-Khadem</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Imagining fictitious and future experiences: evidence from developmental amnesia</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>48</volume>:<fpage>3187</fpage>–<lpage>92</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20603137</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr59-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Garrud</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Rawlins</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><year>1982</year><article-title>Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions</article-title>. <source>Nature</source><volume>297</volume>:<fpage>681</fpage>–<lpage>3</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7088155</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr60-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moser</surname><given-names>EI</given-names></name><name><surname>Moser</surname><given-names>MB</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Seeing into the future</article-title>. <source>Nature</source><volume>469</volume>:<fpage>303</fpage>–<lpage>4</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21248830</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr61-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012a</year><article-title>Scene construction in amnesia: an fMRI study</article-title>. <source>J Neurosci</source><volume>32</volume>:<fpage>5646</fpage>–<lpage>53</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22514326</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr62-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012b</year><article-title>Attenuated boundary extension produces a paradoxical memory advantage in amnesic patients</article-title>. <source>Curr Biol</source><volume>22</volume>:<fpage>261</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22264610</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr63-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mullally</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>A new role for the parahippocampal cortex in representing space</article-title>. <source>J Neurosci</source><volume>31</volume>:<fpage>7441</fpage>–<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21593327</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr64-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nyberg</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Habib</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Levine</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Tulving</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Consciousness of subjective time in the brain</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>107</volume>:<fpage>22356</fpage>–<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21135219</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr65-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Dostrovsky</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><year>1971</year><article-title>The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat</article-title>. <source>Brain Res</source><volume>34</volume>:<fpage>171</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5124915</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr66-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O’Keefe</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Nadel</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><year>1978</year><article-title>The hippocampus as a cognitive map</article-title>. <publisher-loc>Oxford, UK</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Clarendon Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr67-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Okuda</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Fujii</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Ohtake</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsukiura</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Tanji</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Suzuki</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group>, and others. <year>2003</year><article-title>Thinking of the future and past: the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>1369</fpage>–<lpage>80</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12948695</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr68-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Quinn</surname><given-names>PC</given-names></name><name><surname>Intraub</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Perceiving “outside the box” occurs early in development: evidence for boundary extension in three- to seven-month-old infants</article-title>. <source>Child Dev</source><volume>78</volume>:<fpage>324</fpage>–<lpage>34</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17328708</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr69-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Race</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Keane</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><name><surname>Verfaellie</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>2011</year><article-title>Medial temporal lobe damage causes deficits in episodic memory and episodic future thinking not attributable to deficits in narrative construction</article-title>. <source>J Neurosci</source><volume>31</volume>:<fpage>10262</fpage>–<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21753003</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr70-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ranganath</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>A unified framework for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes and the phenomenology of episodic memory</article-title>. <source>Hippocampus</source><volume>20</volume>:<fpage>1263</fpage>–<lpage>90</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20928833</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr71-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Romero</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Moscovitch</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012</year><article-title>Episodic memory and event construction in aging and amnesia</article-title>. <source>J Mem Lang</source><volume>67</volume>:<fpage>270</fpage>–<lpage>84</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr72-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rosenbaum</surname><given-names>RS</given-names></name><name><surname>Kohler</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name><name><surname>Moscovitch</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Westmacott</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Black</surname><given-names>SE</given-names></name></person-group>, and others. <year>2005</year><article-title>The case of K.C.: contributions of a memory-impaired person to memory theory</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>43</volume>:<fpage>989</fpage>–<lpage>1021</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15769487</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr73-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Buckner</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name></person-group><year>2008</year><article-title>Episodic simulation of future events: concepts, data, and applications</article-title>. <source>Ann N Y Acad Sci</source><volume>1124</volume>:<fpage>39</fpage>–<lpage>60</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18400923</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr74-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schacter</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name><name><surname>Addis</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Hassabis</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>VC</given-names></name><name><surname>Spreng</surname><given-names>RN</given-names></name><name><surname>Szpunar</surname><given-names>KK</given-names></name></person-group><year>2012</year><article-title>The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain</article-title>. <source>Neuron</source><volume>76</volume>:<fpage>677</fpage>–<lpage>94</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23177955</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr75-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scoville</surname><given-names>WB</given-names></name><name><surname>Milner</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><year>1957</year><article-title>Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions</article-title>. <source>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</source><volume>20</volume>:<fpage>11</fpage>–<lpage>21</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13406589</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr76-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Seamon</surname><given-names>JG</given-names></name><name><surname>Schlegel</surname><given-names>SE</given-names></name><name><surname>Hiester</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>Landau</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name><name><surname>Blumenthal</surname><given-names>BF</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>Misremembering pictured objects: people of all ages demonstrate the boundary extension illusion</article-title>. <source>Am J Psychol</source><volume>115</volume>:<fpage>151</fpage>–<lpage>67</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12041005</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr77-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Spiers</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group><year>2006</year><article-title>Thoughts, behaviour, and brain dynamics during navigation in the real world</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>31</volume>:<fpage>1826</fpage>–<lpage>40</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16584892</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr78-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Spiers</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><year>2001</year><article-title>Hippocampal amnesia</article-title>. <source>Neurocase</source><volume>7</volume>:<fpage>357</fpage>–<lpage>82</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11744778</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr79-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Spreng</surname><given-names>RN</given-names></name><name><surname>Mar</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name></person-group><year>2009</year><article-title>The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: a quantitative meta-analysis</article-title>. <source>J Cogn Neurosci</source><volume>21</volume>:<fpage>489</fpage>–<lpage>510</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18510452</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr80-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Squire</surname><given-names>LR</given-names></name></person-group><year>2004</year><article-title>Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective</article-title>. <source>Neurobiol Learn Mem</source><volume>82</volume>:<fpage>171</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15464402</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr81-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Squire</surname><given-names>LR</given-names></name><name><surname>van der Horst</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>McDuff</surname><given-names>SG</given-names></name><name><surname>Frascino</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Hopkins</surname><given-names>RO</given-names></name><name><surname>Mauldin</surname><given-names>KN</given-names></name></person-group><year>2010</year><article-title>Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>107</volume>:<fpage>19044</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20956323</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr82-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suddendorf</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><year>2006</year><article-title>Foresight and evolution of the human mind</article-title>. <source>Science</source><volume>312</volume>:<fpage>1006</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16709773</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr83-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Suddendorf</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Corballis</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>The evolution of foresight: what is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?</article-title><source>Behav Brain Sci</source><volume>30</volume>:<fpage>299</fpage>–<lpage>313</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17963565</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr84-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Svoboda</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>McKinnon</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name><name><surname>Levine</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><year>2006</year><article-title>The functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: a meta-analysis</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>44</volume>:<fpage>2189</fpage>–<lpage>208</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16806314</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr85-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Szpunar</surname><given-names>KK</given-names></name><name><surname>Watson</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>McDermott</surname><given-names>KB</given-names></name></person-group><year>2007</year><article-title>Neural substrates of envisioning the future</article-title>. <source>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</source><volume>104</volume>:<fpage>642</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17202254</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr86-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Talland</surname><given-names>GA</given-names></name></person-group><year>1965</year><article-title>Deranged memory: a psychonomic study of the amnesic syndrome</article-title>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Academic Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr87-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tulving</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><year>1985</year><article-title>Memory and consciousness</article-title>. <source>Can Psychol</source><volume>26</volume>:<fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>12</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr88-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tulving</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><year>2002</year><article-title>Episodic memory: from mind to brain</article-title>. <source>Ann Rev Psychol</source><volume>53</volume>:<fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>25</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11752477</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="bibr89-1073858413495091"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Williams</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name><name><surname>Ellis</surname><given-names>NC</given-names></name><name><surname>Tyers</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Healy</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Rose</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>MacLeod</surname><given-names>AK</given-names></name></person-group><year>1996</year><article-title>The specificity of autobiographical memory and imageability of the future</article-title>. <source>Mem Cogn</source><volume>24</volume>:<fpage>116</fpage>–<lpage>25</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002796 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 002796 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Ticri/CIDE
|area= HapticV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4232337
|texte= Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the Future
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23846418" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |