No bridge too high: Infants decide whether to cross based on the probability of falling not the severity of the potential fall
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Auteurs : Kari S. Kretch ; Karen E. AdolphSource :
- Developmental science [ 1363-755X ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Do infants, like adults, consider both the probability of falling and the severity of a potential fall when deciding whether to cross a bridge? Crawling and walking infants were encouraged to cross bridges varying in width over a small drop-off, a large drop-off, or no drop-off. Bridge width affects the probability of falling, whereas drop-off height affects the severity of the potential fall. For both crawlers and walkers, decisions about crossing bridges depended only on the probability of falling: As bridge width decreased, attempts to cross decreased, and gait modifications and exploration increased, but behaviors did not differ between small and large drop-off conditions. Similarly, decisions about descent depended on the probability of falling: They backed or crawled into the small drop-off, but avoided the large drop-off. With no drop-off, infants ran straight across. Results indicate that experienced crawlers and walkers accurately perceive affordances for locomotion, but they do not yet consider the severity of a potential fall when making decisions for action.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/desc.12045
PubMed: 23587034
PubMed Central: 3628785
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<author><name sortKey="Kretch, Kari S" sort="Kretch, Kari S" uniqKey="Kretch K" first="Kari S." last="Kretch">Kari S. Kretch</name>
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<series><title level="j">Developmental science</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Do infants, like adults, consider both the probability of falling and the severity of a potential fall when deciding whether to cross a bridge? Crawling and walking infants were encouraged to cross bridges varying in width over a small drop-off, a large drop-off, or no drop-off. Bridge width affects the probability of falling, whereas drop-off height affects the severity of the potential fall. For both crawlers and walkers, decisions about crossing bridges depended only on the probability of falling: As bridge width decreased, attempts to cross decreased, and gait modifications and exploration increased, but behaviors did not differ between small and large drop-off conditions. Similarly, decisions about descent depended on the probability of falling: They backed or crawled into the small drop-off, but avoided the large drop-off. With no drop-off, infants ran straight across. Results indicate that experienced crawlers and walkers accurately perceive affordances for locomotion, but they do not yet consider the severity of a potential fall when making decisions for action.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9814574</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">31973</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Dev Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Dev Sci</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>No bridge too high: Infants decide whether to cross based on the probability of falling not the severity of the potential fall</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kretch</surname>
<given-names>Kari S.</given-names>
</name>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adolph</surname>
<given-names>Karen E.</given-names>
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<aff id="A1">New York University</aff>
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<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Corresponding Author: Karen E. Adolph, <email>karen.adolph@nyu.edu</email>
, 6 Washington Place rm 415, New York NY 10003</corresp>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>3</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2013</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2013</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>336</fpage>
<lpage>351</lpage>
<abstract><p id="P1">Do infants, like adults, consider both the probability of falling and the severity of a potential fall when deciding whether to cross a bridge? Crawling and walking infants were encouraged to cross bridges varying in width over a small drop-off, a large drop-off, or no drop-off. Bridge width affects the probability of falling, whereas drop-off height affects the severity of the potential fall. For both crawlers and walkers, decisions about crossing bridges depended only on the probability of falling: As bridge width decreased, attempts to cross decreased, and gait modifications and exploration increased, but behaviors did not differ between small and large drop-off conditions. Similarly, decisions about descent depended on the probability of falling: They backed or crawled into the small drop-off, but avoided the large drop-off. With no drop-off, infants ran straight across. Results indicate that experienced crawlers and walkers accurately perceive affordances for locomotion, but they do not yet consider the severity of a potential fall when making decisions for action.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Child Health & Human Development : NICHD</funding-source>
<award-id>R37 HD033486 || HD</award-id>
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