Human odometer is gait-symmetry specific
Identifieur interne : 001527 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001526; suivant : 001528Human odometer is gait-symmetry specific
Auteurs : Michael T. Turvey ; Carissa Romaniak-Gross ; Robert W. Isenhower ; Ryan Arzamarski ; Steven Harrison ; Claudia CarelloSource :
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences [ 0962-8452 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
In 1709, Berkeley hypothesized of the human that distance is measurable by ‘the motion of his body, which is perceivable by touch’. To be sufficiently general and reliable, Berkeley's hypothesis must imply that distance measured by legged locomotion approximates actual distance, with the measure invariant to gait, speed and number of steps. We studied blindfolded human participants in a task in which they travelled by legged locomotion from a fixed starting point A to a variable terminus B, and then reproduced, by legged locomotion from B, the A–B distance. The outbound (‘measure’) and return (‘report’) gait could be the same or different, with similar or dissimilar step sizes and step frequencies. In five experiments we manipulated bipedal gait according to the primary versus secondary distinction revealed in symmetry group analyses of locomotion patterns. Berkeley's hypothesis held only when the measure and report gaits were of the same symmetry class, indicating that idiothetic distance measurement is gait-symmetry specific. Results suggest that human odometry (and perhaps animal odometry more generally) entails variables that encompass the limbs in coordination, such as global phase, and not variables at the level of the single limb, such as step length and step number, as traditionally assumed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1134
PubMed: 19740881
PubMed Central: 2817097
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<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In 1709, Berkeley hypothesized of the human that distance is measurable by ‘the motion of his body, which is perceivable by touch’. To be sufficiently general and reliable, Berkeley's hypothesis must imply that distance measured by legged locomotion approximates actual distance, with the measure invariant to gait, speed and number of steps. We studied blindfolded human participants in a task in which they travelled by legged locomotion from a fixed starting point A to a variable terminus B, and then reproduced, by legged locomotion from B, the A–B distance. The outbound (‘measure’) and return (‘report’) gait could be the same or different, with similar or dissimilar step sizes and step frequencies. In five experiments we manipulated bipedal gait according to the primary versus secondary distinction revealed in symmetry group analyses of locomotion patterns. Berkeley's hypothesis held only when the measure and report gaits were of the same symmetry class, indicating that idiothetic distance measurement is gait-symmetry specific. Results suggest that human odometry (and perhaps animal odometry more generally) entails variables that encompass the limbs in coordination, such as global phase, and not variables at the level of the single limb, such as step length and step number, as traditionally assumed.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Biol Sci</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research articles</subject>
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<subject>14</subject>
<subject>42</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Human odometer is gait-symmetry specific</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turvey</surname>
<given-names>Michael T.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Romaniak-Gross</surname>
<given-names>Carissa</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Isenhower</surname>
<given-names>Robert W.</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arzamarski</surname>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harrison</surname>
<given-names>Steven</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carello</surname>
<given-names>Claudia</given-names>
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<aff><institution>Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action</institution>
<addr-line>U 20, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269-1020</addr-line>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
Author for correspondence (<email>michael.turvey@uconn.edu</email>
).</corresp>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>22</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day>
<month>9</month>
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<volume>276</volume>
<issue>1677</issue>
<fpage>4309</fpage>
<lpage>4314</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2009</year>
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<date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2009</year>
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<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2009 The Royal Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
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<abstract><p>In 1709, Berkeley hypothesized of the human that distance is measurable by ‘the motion of his body, which is perceivable by touch’. To be sufficiently general and reliable, Berkeley's hypothesis must imply that distance measured by legged locomotion approximates actual distance, with the measure invariant to gait, speed and number of steps. We studied blindfolded human participants in a task in which they travelled by legged locomotion from a fixed starting point A to a variable terminus B, and then reproduced, by legged locomotion from B, the A–B distance. The outbound (‘measure’) and return (‘report’) gait could be the same or different, with similar or dissimilar step sizes and step frequencies. In five experiments we manipulated bipedal gait according to the primary versus secondary distinction revealed in symmetry group analyses of locomotion patterns. Berkeley's hypothesis held only when the measure and report gaits were of the same symmetry class, indicating that idiothetic distance measurement is gait-symmetry specific. Results suggest that human odometry (and perhaps animal odometry more generally) entails variables that encompass the limbs in coordination, such as global phase, and not variables at the level of the single limb, such as step length and step number, as traditionally assumed.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Berkeley</kwd>
<kwd>idiothetic distance</kwd>
<kwd>legged locomotion</kwd>
<kwd>odometry</kwd>
<kwd>symmetry group</kwd>
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