Using psychophysics to ask if the brain samples or maximizes
Identifieur interne : 001494 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001493; suivant : 001495Using psychophysics to ask if the brain samples or maximizes
Auteurs : Daniel E. Acuna [États-Unis] ; Max Berniker [États-Unis] ; Hugo L. Fernandes [États-Unis, Portugal] ; Konrad P. Kording [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Vision [ 1534-7362 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task is the workhorse of psychophysics and is used to measure the just-noticeable difference, generally assumed to accurately quantify sensory precision. However, this assumption is not true for all mechanisms of decision making. Here we derive the behavioral predictions for two popular mechanisms, sampling and
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DOI: 10.1167/15.3.7
PubMed: 25767093
PubMed Central: 4357487
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task is the workhorse of psychophysics and is used to measure the just-noticeable difference, generally assumed to accurately quantify sensory precision. However, this assumption is not true for all mechanisms of decision making. Here we derive the behavioral predictions for two popular mechanisms, sampling and <italic>maximum a posteriori</italic>
, and examine how they affect the outcome of the 2AFC task. These predictions are used in a combined visual 2AFC and estimation experiment. Our results strongly suggest that subjects use a <italic>maximum a posteriori</italic>
mechanism. Further, our derivations and experimental paradigm establish the already standard 2AFC task as a behavioral tool for measuring how humans make decisions under uncertainty.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Vis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Vis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jov</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">jov</journal-id>
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<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Vision</journal-title>
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<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">MS#: JOV-04271-2014</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Using psychophysics to ask if the brain samples or maximizes</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Acuna</surname>
<given-names>Daniel E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1011">*</xref>
<email>daniel.acuna@northwestern.edu</email>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="scienceofscience.org">scienceofscience.org</uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berniker</surname>
<given-names>Max</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1011">*</xref>
<email>mbernike@uic.edu</email>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="sensorimotorcontrolatorium.uic.edu">sensorimotorcontrolatorium.uic.edu</uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fernandes</surname>
<given-names>Hugo L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1011">*</xref>
<email>hugoguh@gmail.com</email>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://klab.smpp.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php5/Hugo_Fernandes">http://klab.smpp.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php5/Hugo_Fernandes</uri>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kording</surname>
<given-names>Konrad P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
<email>kk@northwestern.edu</email>
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<aff id="aff1">Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff2">Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff3">Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff4">Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff5">PDBC, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal</aff>
<aff id="aff6">Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal</aff>
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<author-notes><fn id="n1011" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label>
<p>Asterisk indicates that authors contributed equally.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>7</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 ARVO</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
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<abstract><p>The two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task is the workhorse of psychophysics and is used to measure the just-noticeable difference, generally assumed to accurately quantify sensory precision. However, this assumption is not true for all mechanisms of decision making. Here we derive the behavioral predictions for two popular mechanisms, sampling and <italic>maximum a posteriori</italic>
, and examine how they affect the outcome of the 2AFC task. These predictions are used in a combined visual 2AFC and estimation experiment. Our results strongly suggest that subjects use a <italic>maximum a posteriori</italic>
mechanism. Further, our derivations and experimental paradigm establish the already standard 2AFC task as a behavioral tool for measuring how humans make decisions under uncertainty.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd><italic>decision-making</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>psychophysics</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Bayesian</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>sampling</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>maximum a posteriori</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>two-alternative forced choice (2AFC)</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>just-noticeable difference (JND)</italic>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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