Experience affects the use of ego-motion signals during 3D shape perception
Identifieur interne : 001141 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001140; suivant : 001142Experience affects the use of ego-motion signals during 3D shape perception
Auteurs : Anshul Jain ; Benjamin T. BackusSource :
- Journal of vision [ 1534-7362 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Experience has long-term effects on perceptual appearance (
Url:
DOI: 10.1167/10.14.30
PubMed: 21191132
PubMed Central: 3175740
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<author><name sortKey="Jain, Anshul" sort="Jain, Anshul" uniqKey="Jain A" first="Anshul" last="Jain">Anshul Jain</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Backus, Benjamin T" sort="Backus, Benjamin T" uniqKey="Backus B" first="Benjamin T." last="Backus">Benjamin T. Backus</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Experience has long-term effects on perceptual appearance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">Q. Haijiang, J. A. Saunders, R. W. Stone, & B. T. Backus, 2006</xref>
). We asked whether experience affects the appearance of structure-from-motion stimuli when the optic flow is caused by observer ego-motion. Optic flow is an ambiguous depth cue: a rotating object and its oppositely rotating, depth-inverted dual generate similar flow. However, the visual system exploits ego-motion signals to prefer the percept of an object that is stationary over one that rotates (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">M. Wexler, F. Panerai, I. Lamouret, & J. Droulez, 2001</xref>
). We replicated this finding and asked whether this preference for stationarity, the “stationarity prior,” is modulated by experience. During training, two groups of observers were exposed to objects with identical flow, but that were either stationary or moving as determined by other cues. The training caused identical test stimuli to be seen preferentially as stationary or moving by the two groups, respectively. We then asked whether different priors can exist independently at different locations in the visual field. Observers were trained to see objects either as stationary or as moving at two different locations. Observers’ stationarity bias at the two respective locations was modulated in the directions consistent with training. Thus, the utilization of extraretinal ego-motion signals for disambiguating optic flow signals can be updated as the result of experience, consistent with the updating of a Bayesian prior for stationarity.</p>
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<title-group><article-title>Experience affects the use of ego-motion signals during 3D shape perception</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jain</surname>
<given-names>Anshul</given-names>
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<aff id="A1">SUNY Eye Institute and Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Backus</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin T.</given-names>
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<aff id="A2">SUNY Eye Institute and Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA</aff>
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<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Corresponding author: Dr. Anshul Jain. <email>ajain@sunyopt.edu</email>
. Address: Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry, 33 W. 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10036, USA</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>7</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2010</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<volume>10</volume>
<issue>14</issue>
<elocation-id>30</elocation-id>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© ARVO</copyright-statement>
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<abstract><p id="P1">Experience has long-term effects on perceptual appearance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">Q. Haijiang, J. A. Saunders, R. W. Stone, & B. T. Backus, 2006</xref>
). We asked whether experience affects the appearance of structure-from-motion stimuli when the optic flow is caused by observer ego-motion. Optic flow is an ambiguous depth cue: a rotating object and its oppositely rotating, depth-inverted dual generate similar flow. However, the visual system exploits ego-motion signals to prefer the percept of an object that is stationary over one that rotates (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">M. Wexler, F. Panerai, I. Lamouret, & J. Droulez, 2001</xref>
). We replicated this finding and asked whether this preference for stationarity, the “stationarity prior,” is modulated by experience. During training, two groups of observers were exposed to objects with identical flow, but that were either stationary or moving as determined by other cues. The training caused identical test stimuli to be seen preferentially as stationary or moving by the two groups, respectively. We then asked whether different priors can exist independently at different locations in the visual field. Observers were trained to see objects either as stationary or as moving at two different locations. Observers’ stationarity bias at the two respective locations was modulated in the directions consistent with training. Thus, the utilization of extraretinal ego-motion signals for disambiguating optic flow signals can be updated as the result of experience, consistent with the updating of a Bayesian prior for stationarity.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>perceptual learning</kwd>
<kwd>structure from motion</kwd>
<kwd>ego-motion</kwd>
<kwd>extraretinal signals</kwd>
<kwd>perceptual bias</kwd>
<kwd>cue recruitment</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Eye Institute : NEI</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 EY013988-07 || EY</award-id>
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