Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques.
Identifieur interne : 001D70 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001D69; suivant : 001D71Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques.
Auteurs : Bernd Lethaus [Pays-Bas] ; Peter Kessler [Pays-Bas] ; Roland Boeckman [Pays-Bas] ; Lucas J. Poort [Pays-Bas] ; Rene Tolba [Allemagne]Source :
- Head & Face Medicine [ 1746-160X ] ; 2010.
Abstract
We present a case of maxillary and orbital floor reconstruction with a microvascular fibula graft and an individualized titanium mesh. Both were planned virtually; templates were made by rapid prototyping. The postoperative computertomography scans showed that the planned positions were achieved correctly. This case report illustrates maxillary reconstruction performed with a special template technique and demonstrates the possibilities of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications in reconstructive surgery.
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DOI: 10.1186/1746-160X-6-16
PubMed: 20642821
PubMed Central: 2917404
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques.</title><author><name sortKey="Lethaus, Bernd" sort="Lethaus, Bernd" uniqKey="Lethaus B" first="Bernd" last="Lethaus">Bernd Lethaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Peter" sort="Kessler, Peter" uniqKey="Kessler P" first="Peter" last="Kessler">Peter Kessler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeckman, Roland" sort="Boeckman, Roland" uniqKey="Boeckman R" first="Roland" last="Boeckman">Roland Boeckman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poort, Lucas J" sort="Poort, Lucas J" uniqKey="Poort L" first="Lucas J" last="Poort">Lucas J. Poort</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tolba, Rene" sort="Tolba, Rene" uniqKey="Tolba R" first="Rene" last="Tolba">Rene Tolba</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Aix-la-Chapelle</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20642821</idno><idno type="pmc">2917404</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917404</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2917404</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1746-160X-6-16</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001F67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001D70</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques.</title><author><name sortKey="Lethaus, Bernd" sort="Lethaus, Bernd" uniqKey="Lethaus B" first="Bernd" last="Lethaus">Bernd Lethaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Peter" sort="Kessler, Peter" uniqKey="Kessler P" first="Peter" last="Kessler">Peter Kessler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boeckman, Roland" sort="Boeckman, Roland" uniqKey="Boeckman R" first="Roland" last="Boeckman">Roland Boeckman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poort, Lucas J" sort="Poort, Lucas J" uniqKey="Poort L" first="Lucas J" last="Poort">Lucas J. Poort</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maastricht University Medical Center</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tolba, Rene" sort="Tolba, Rene" uniqKey="Tolba R" first="Rene" last="Tolba">Rene Tolba</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Aix-la-Chapelle</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Head & Face Medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1746-160X</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We present a case of maxillary and orbital floor reconstruction with a microvascular fibula graft and an individualized titanium mesh. Both were planned virtually; templates were made by rapid prototyping. The postoperative computertomography scans showed that the planned positions were achieved correctly. This case report illustrates maxillary reconstruction performed with a special template technique and demonstrates the possibilities of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications in reconstructive surgery.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bill, Js" uniqKey="Bill J">JS Bill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reuther, Jf" uniqKey="Reuther J">JF Reuther</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Metzger, Mc" uniqKey="Metzger M">MC Metzger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hohlweg Majert, B" uniqKey="Hohlweg Majert B">B Hohlweg-Majert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schon, R" uniqKey="Schon R">R Schon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teschner, M" uniqKey="Teschner M">M Teschner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gellrich, Nc" uniqKey="Gellrich N">NC Gellrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmelzeisen, R" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Head Face Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Head & Face Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1746-160X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20642821</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2917404</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1746-160X-6-16</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1746-160X-6-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Methodology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques.</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Lethaus</surname><given-names>Bernd</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>bernd.lethaus@mumc.nl</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Kessler</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>peter.kessler@mumc.nl</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Boeckman</surname><given-names>Roland</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>roland.bockmann@mumc.nl</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Poort</surname><given-names>Lucas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>l.poort@mumc.nl</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Tolba</surname><given-names>Rene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>rtolba@ukaachen.de</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2010 Lethaus et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Lethaus et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.head-face-med.com/content/6/1/16"></self-uri><abstract><p>We present a case of maxillary and orbital floor reconstruction with a microvascular fibula graft and an individualized titanium mesh. Both were planned virtually; templates were made by rapid prototyping. The postoperative computertomography scans showed that the planned positions were achieved correctly. This case report illustrates maxillary reconstruction performed with a special template technique and demonstrates the possibilities of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications in reconstructive surgery.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>Background</title><p>The use of virtual planning to restore tissue that was lost due to trauma or tumor surgery is becoming more popular in reconstructive surgery. Particularly in complex anatomical situations involving different sorts of tissue, the use of CAD/CAM applications facilitates planning and execution. This method is widespread in craniomaxillofacial surgery, but also other specialties are using this techniques in their clinical routine [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. The rapid prototyping approach allows the creation of any desired three-dimensional design, which is created virtually using computer software. Models and templates built through rapid prototyping allow the surgeon to bring the planning to the operating theatre and close the gap between set-up and execution. Here, we report a case of reconstruction with a special technique for virtual planning and rapid prototyping. We also want to demonstrate the ability to plan and execute the restoration of an anatomically complex area with functional demands.</p><sec><title>Case presentation</title><p>A 25-year-old female was introduced to our department seeking reconstruction of her left maxilla. At the age of 17, an ossifying cementoblastoma was diagnosed, and the patient underwent hemimaxillectomy. The orbital floor next to the maxilla had also been removed, which resulted in an enophthalmus and a collapsed cheek. The open connection between the nasal and oral cavities was treated with a removable prosthesis. The patient complained about the prosthesis size and its heaviness, which made chewing difficult and gave the speech a nasal tone. According to the patient, this was a massive reduction of her quality of life. To reduce the defect and to reconstruct the processus alveolaris, a microvascular fibula flap was selected for transfer. An individually premolded titanium mesh was used to reconstruct the floor of the eye. "Backward" planning was used to find the best position of the bony part. The position of the mandibula was predefined as the ideal position for the implants, which then predefined the ideal position for the transferred bone (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>). A computertomography (CT) scan of both legs was performed, and the necessary bony shape was virtually matched with the patient's left fibula (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>). To achieve the desired lengths and angles at the fibula's resection and split sites, a rapid prototyped template (figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>) was manufactured by Materialize<sup>© </sup>(Leuven, Belgium). To reconstruct the orbital floor, the intact site of the skull was mirrored, and the missing bony part was identified (figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>). Both parts were produced with rapid prototyping by IDEE<sup>© </sup>(Instrument Development Engineering & Evaluation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands). The complete skull was then used to premold a titanium mesh, which was sterilized before surgery.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Preoperative situation with prosthetic ideal bone position</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1746-160X-6-16-1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Necessary bone needed to match with left fibula</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1746-160X-6-16-2"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p><bold>Rapid prototyped template, which defined the graft length and angle of junction</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1746-160X-6-16-3"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p><bold>Rapid prototyped skull with the mirrored intact zygomatic region inserted (marked with dots)</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1746-160X-6-16-4"></graphic></fig><p>During the operation, the incision made previously was used to open the site. As planned, the fibula and the individualized titanium mesh were placed in the sites selected preoperatively. Both were fixed with osteosynthesis screws of 2.0 diameter (KLS Martin Tuttlingen, Germany). The fibula was reanastomized to the vena jugularis interna and the arteria carotis externa. Wound healing was uneventful for the following three weeks. A CT scan obtained two days postoperatively demonstrated the accuracy of the fibula insertion (figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>). The removal of the osteosynthesis material and the placement of dental implants will be performed six months after the operation.</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p><bold>Postoperativ CT 3D reconstruction</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1746-160X-6-16-5"></graphic></fig></sec></sec><sec><title>Discussion and Conclusion</title><p>This case demonstrates that CAD/CAM techniques can be of great value in planning and executing the reconstruction of resected or damaged tissue. The bone and the titanium mesh can be placed in the desired positions. Dental rehabilitation will take place after healing of the bony junctions is complete.</p><p>Two groups have recently demonstrated the efficacy of virtual planning and use of a rapid prototyped template to reconstruct the mandible with a fibula graft. These researchers presented favorable results concerning precision and outcome [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]. Compared to the mandible, the maxilla presents an even more complex area for reconstruction. Soft tissue covers most of the bony structures, especially the remaining bone at the skull base region, which is necessary for bone fixation. The anatomical proximity to vital structures further complicates the process of reconstruction.</p><p>We regard 3D models as a reasonable amendment in craniofacial reconstruction that offers multiple advantages. They facilitate surgical planning by demonstrating the anatomical characteristics of the tissue to be operated upon. By adding a haptic sensation, this approach optimizes preoperative planning. The surgeon achieves a better impression of the anatomical situation, the actual amount of bone and the demands on the reconstruction, which will result in a safer operation, shorter operation time and a more predictable result. We also use the models to explain and discuss the operation with our patients, providing them with a better understanding of the process and its possible outcomes.</p><p>Virtual planning and the use of rapid prototyping have been used mainly in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Because of the use of specialized software systems, application of this technique is limited to larger medical centers. The disadvantages are additional costs for software and computers and the additional time needed to plan the operation. Nevertheless, rapid prototyping is used in different areas of medicine. In the context of spine surgery, templates can be used to position cervical screws to ensure correct positioning that will avoid nerve damage [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>]. In orthopedic surgery, templates can be used to navigate endoprostheses. Both hip and knee implants were positioned correctly after virtual planning by means of rapid prototyped templates [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>]. Cardiosurgeons have described the benefits of using rapid prototyped models to visualize complex cardiac morphology or to build aortic stents for training [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. Those examples should encourage more surgical specialties to use these techniques and to benefit from the advantages of preoperative planning.</p></sec><sec><title>Consent</title><p>Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in Chief of this journal.</p></sec><sec><title>Competing interests</title><p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p></sec><sec><title>Authors' contributions</title><p>BL was responsible for a part of the operation and drafted the manuscript. LP was responsible for the planning and manufacturing of the templates and the titanium mesh. PK and RB were responsible for a part of the operation. RT conceived the report, participated in its coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. 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Kessler</name><name sortKey="Poort, Lucas J" sort="Poort, Lucas J" uniqKey="Poort L" first="Lucas J" last="Poort">Lucas J. Poort</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Tolba, Rene" sort="Tolba, Rene" uniqKey="Tolba R" first="Rene" last="Tolba">Rene Tolba</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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