Motor equivalence and self-motion induced by different movement speeds
Identifieur interne : 001A82 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001A81; suivant : 001A83Motor equivalence and self-motion induced by different movement speeds
Auteurs : J. P. Scholz ; T. Dwight-Higgin ; J. E. Lynch ; Y. W. Tseng ; V. Martin ; G. SchönerSource :
- Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation cerebrale [ 0014-4819 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
This study investigated pointing movements in 3D asking two questions: (1) Is goal-directed reaching accompanied by self-motion, a component of the joint velocity vector that leaves the hand’s movement unaffected? (2) Are differences in the terminal joint configurations among different speeds of reaching motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ more in directions of joint space that do not produce different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do) or non-motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ equally or more in directions of joint space that lead to different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do not affect the pointer-tip position). Subjects reached from an identical starting joint configuration and pointer-tip location to targets at slow, moderate, and fast speeds. Ten degrees of freedom of joint motion of the arm were recorded. The relationship between changes in the joint configuration and the three-dimensional pointer-tip position was expressed by a standard kinematic model, and the range- and null subspaces were computed from the associated Jacobian matrix. (1) The joint velocity vector and (2) the difference vector between terminal joint configurations from pairs of speed conditions were projected into the two subspaces. The relative length of the two components was used to quantify the amount of self-motion and the presence of motor equivalence, respectively. Results revealed that reaches were accompanied by a significant amount of self-motion at all reaching speeds. Self-motion scaled with movement speed. In addition, the difference in the terminal joint configuration between pairs of different reaching speeds revealed motor equivalence. The results are consistent with a control system that takes advantage of motor redundancy, allowing for flexibility in the face of perturbations, here induced by different movement speeds.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2541-2
PubMed: 21287157
PubMed Central: 3066062
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">This study investigated pointing movements in 3D asking two questions: (1) Is goal-directed reaching accompanied by self-motion, a component of the joint velocity vector that leaves the hand’s movement unaffected? (2) Are differences in the terminal joint configurations among different speeds of reaching motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ more in directions of joint space that do not produce different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do) or non-motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ equally or more in directions of joint space that lead to different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do not affect the pointer-tip position). Subjects reached from an identical starting joint configuration and pointer-tip location to targets at slow, moderate, and fast speeds. Ten degrees of freedom of joint motion of the arm were recorded. The relationship between changes in the joint configuration and the three-dimensional pointer-tip position was expressed by a standard kinematic model, and the range- and null subspaces were computed from the associated Jacobian matrix. (1) The joint velocity vector and (2) the difference vector between terminal joint configurations from pairs of speed conditions were projected into the two subspaces. The relative length of the two components was used to quantify the amount of self-motion and the presence of motor equivalence, respectively. Results revealed that reaches were accompanied by a significant amount of self-motion at all reaching speeds. Self-motion scaled with movement speed. In addition, the difference in the terminal joint configuration between pairs of different reaching speeds revealed motor equivalence. The results are consistent with a control system that takes advantage of motor redundancy, allowing for flexibility in the face of perturbations, here induced by different movement speeds.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0043312</journal-id>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Exp Brain Res</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Motor equivalence and self-motion induced by different movement speeds</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Scholz</surname>
<given-names>J. P.</given-names>
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<email>jpscholz@udel.edu</email>
<aff id="A1">Physical Therapy Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2">Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 307 McKinly Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dwight-Higgin</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
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<aff id="A3">Physical Therapy Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lynch</surname>
<given-names>J. E.</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A4">Department of Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tseng</surname>
<given-names>Y. W.</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A5">Physical Therapy Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
<aff id="A6">Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 307 McKinly Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
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<aff id="A7">Institut für Neuroinformatik NB 3/31, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany</aff>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schöner</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
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<aff id="A8">Institut für Neuroinformatik NB 3/31, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany</aff>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>7</day>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>3</day>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
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<volume>209</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>319</fpage>
<lpage>332</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer-Verlag 2011</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">This study investigated pointing movements in 3D asking two questions: (1) Is goal-directed reaching accompanied by self-motion, a component of the joint velocity vector that leaves the hand’s movement unaffected? (2) Are differences in the terminal joint configurations among different speeds of reaching motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ more in directions of joint space that do not produce different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do) or non-motor equivalent (i.e., terminal joint configurations differ equally or more in directions of joint space that lead to different pointer-tip positions than in directions that do not affect the pointer-tip position). Subjects reached from an identical starting joint configuration and pointer-tip location to targets at slow, moderate, and fast speeds. Ten degrees of freedom of joint motion of the arm were recorded. The relationship between changes in the joint configuration and the three-dimensional pointer-tip position was expressed by a standard kinematic model, and the range- and null subspaces were computed from the associated Jacobian matrix. (1) The joint velocity vector and (2) the difference vector between terminal joint configurations from pairs of speed conditions were projected into the two subspaces. The relative length of the two components was used to quantify the amount of self-motion and the presence of motor equivalence, respectively. Results revealed that reaches were accompanied by a significant amount of self-motion at all reaching speeds. Self-motion scaled with movement speed. In addition, the difference in the terminal joint configuration between pairs of different reaching speeds revealed motor equivalence. The results are consistent with a control system that takes advantage of motor redundancy, allowing for flexibility in the face of perturbations, here induced by different movement speeds.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Reaching</kwd>
<kwd>Motor Control</kwd>
<kwd>Motor equivalence</kwd>
<kwd>Movement velocity</kwd>
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<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke : NINDS</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 NS050880-04 || NS</award-id>
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<name sortKey="Lynch, J E" sort="Lynch, J E" uniqKey="Lynch J" first="J. E." last="Lynch">J. E. Lynch</name>
<name sortKey="Martin, V" sort="Martin, V" uniqKey="Martin V" first="V." last="Martin">V. Martin</name>
<name sortKey="Scholz, J P" sort="Scholz, J P" uniqKey="Scholz J" first="J. P." last="Scholz">J. P. Scholz</name>
<name sortKey="Schoner, G" sort="Schoner, G" uniqKey="Schoner G" first="G." last="Schöner">G. Schöner</name>
<name sortKey="Tseng, Y W" sort="Tseng, Y W" uniqKey="Tseng Y" first="Y. W." last="Tseng">Y. W. Tseng</name>
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