Brain Networks Shaping Religious Belief
Identifieur interne : 000D87 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000D86; suivant : 000D88Brain Networks Shaping Religious Belief
Auteurs : Dimitrios Kapogiannis ; Gopikrishna Deshpande ; Frank Krueger ; Matthew P. Thornburg ; Jordan Henry GrafmanSource :
- Brain Connectivity [ 2158-0014 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that religious belief depends upon three cognitive dimensions, which can be mapped to specific brain regions. In the present study, we considered these co-activated regions as nodes of three
Url:
DOI: 10.1089/brain.2013.0172
PubMed: 24279687
PubMed Central: 3929007
Affiliations:
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<author><name sortKey="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" sort="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Kapogiannis D" first="Dimitrios" last="Kapogiannis">Dimitrios Kapogiannis</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" sort="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" uniqKey="Deshpande G" first="Gopikrishna" last="Deshpande">Gopikrishna Deshpande</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Krueger, Frank" sort="Krueger, Frank" uniqKey="Krueger F" first="Frank" last="Krueger">Frank Krueger</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thornburg, Matthew P" sort="Thornburg, Matthew P" uniqKey="Thornburg M" first="Matthew P." last="Thornburg">Matthew P. Thornburg</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Grafman, Jordan Henry" sort="Grafman, Jordan Henry" uniqKey="Grafman J" first="Jordan Henry" last="Grafman">Jordan Henry Grafman</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Brain Networks Shaping Religious Belief</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" sort="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Kapogiannis D" first="Dimitrios" last="Kapogiannis">Dimitrios Kapogiannis</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" sort="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" uniqKey="Deshpande G" first="Gopikrishna" last="Deshpande">Gopikrishna Deshpande</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Krueger, Frank" sort="Krueger, Frank" uniqKey="Krueger F" first="Frank" last="Krueger">Frank Krueger</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thornburg, Matthew P" sort="Thornburg, Matthew P" uniqKey="Thornburg M" first="Matthew P." last="Thornburg">Matthew P. Thornburg</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Grafman, Jordan Henry" sort="Grafman, Jordan Henry" uniqKey="Grafman J" first="Jordan Henry" last="Grafman">Jordan Henry Grafman</name>
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<series><title level="j">Brain Connectivity</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2158-0014</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2158-0022</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p>We previously demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that religious belief depends upon three cognitive dimensions, which can be mapped to specific brain regions. In the present study, we considered these co-activated regions as nodes of three <italic>networks</italic>
each one corresponding to a particular dimension, corresponding to each dimension and examined the causal flow within and between these networks to address two important hypotheses that remained untested in our previous work. First, we hypothesized that regions involved in theory of mind (ToM) are located upstream the causal flow and drive non-ToM regions, in line with theories attributing religion to the evolution of ToM. Second, we hypothesized that differences in directional connectivity are associated with differences in religiosity. To test these hypotheses, we performed a multivariate Granger causality-based directional connectivity analysis of fMRI data to demonstrate the causal flow within religious belief-related networks. Our results supported both hypotheses. Religious subjects preferentially activated a pathway from inferolateral to dorsomedial frontal cortex to monitor the intent and involvement of supernatural agents (SAs; intent-related ToM). Perception of SAs engaged pathways involved in fear regulation and affective ToM. Religious beliefs are founded both on propositional statements for doctrine, but also on episodic memory and imagery. Beliefs based on doctrine engaged a pathway from Broca's to Wernicke's language areas. Beliefs related to everyday life experiences engaged pathways involved in imagery. Beliefs implying less involved SAs and evoking imagery activated a pathway from right lateral temporal to occipital regions. This pathway was more active in non-religious compared to religious subjects, suggesting greater difficulty and procedural demands for imagining and processing the intent of SAs. Insights gained by Granger connectivity analysis inform us about the causal binding of individual regions activated during religious belief processing.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Brain Connect</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Brain Connect</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">brain</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Brain Connectivity</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2158-0014</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2158-0022</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24279687</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3929007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1089/brain.2013.0172</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/brain.2013.0172</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Brain Networks Shaping Religious Belief</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Kapogiannis</surname>
<given-names>Dimitrios</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deshpande</surname>
<given-names>Gopikrishna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krueger</surname>
<given-names>Frank</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thornburg</surname>
<given-names>Matthew P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grafman</surname>
<given-names>Jordan Henry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup>
</label>
Laboratory of Clinical Investigation,<institution>National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH)</institution>
, Baltimore, Maryland.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup>
</label>
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MRI Research Center,<institution>Auburn University</institution>
, Auburn, Alabama.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup>
</label>
<institution>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</institution>
, Bethesda, Maryland.</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label><sup>4</sup>
</label>
<institution>George Mason University</institution>
, Arlington, Virginia.</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label><sup>5</sup>
</label>
Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,<institution>Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago</institution>
, Chicago, Illinois.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp><addr-line>Address correspondence to:</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Dimitrios Kapogiannis</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Laboratory of Clinical Investigation</italic>
</addr-line>
<institution><italic>National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH)</italic>
</institution>
<addr-line><italic>3001 South Hanover Street, NM 531</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Baltimore, MD 21230</italic>
</addr-line>
<italic>E-mail:</italic>
<email xlink:href="mailto:kapogiannisd@mail.nih.gov">kapogiannisd@mail.nih.gov</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: February 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>70</fpage>
<lpage>79</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="brain.2013.0172.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p>We previously demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that religious belief depends upon three cognitive dimensions, which can be mapped to specific brain regions. In the present study, we considered these co-activated regions as nodes of three <italic>networks</italic>
each one corresponding to a particular dimension, corresponding to each dimension and examined the causal flow within and between these networks to address two important hypotheses that remained untested in our previous work. First, we hypothesized that regions involved in theory of mind (ToM) are located upstream the causal flow and drive non-ToM regions, in line with theories attributing religion to the evolution of ToM. Second, we hypothesized that differences in directional connectivity are associated with differences in religiosity. To test these hypotheses, we performed a multivariate Granger causality-based directional connectivity analysis of fMRI data to demonstrate the causal flow within religious belief-related networks. Our results supported both hypotheses. Religious subjects preferentially activated a pathway from inferolateral to dorsomedial frontal cortex to monitor the intent and involvement of supernatural agents (SAs; intent-related ToM). Perception of SAs engaged pathways involved in fear regulation and affective ToM. Religious beliefs are founded both on propositional statements for doctrine, but also on episodic memory and imagery. Beliefs based on doctrine engaged a pathway from Broca's to Wernicke's language areas. Beliefs related to everyday life experiences engaged pathways involved in imagery. Beliefs implying less involved SAs and evoking imagery activated a pathway from right lateral temporal to occipital regions. This pathway was more active in non-religious compared to religious subjects, suggesting greater difficulty and procedural demands for imagining and processing the intent of SAs. Insights gained by Granger connectivity analysis inform us about the causal binding of individual regions activated during religious belief processing.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title><bold>Key words:</bold>
</title>
<kwd>belief formation</kwd>
<kwd>emotion</kwd>
<kwd>imagery</kwd>
<kwd>semantic memory</kwd>
<kwd>social cognition</kwd>
<kwd>theory of mind</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="4"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<equation-count count="3"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="57"></ref-count>
<page-count count="10"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" sort="Deshpande, Gopikrishna" uniqKey="Deshpande G" first="Gopikrishna" last="Deshpande">Gopikrishna Deshpande</name>
<name sortKey="Grafman, Jordan Henry" sort="Grafman, Jordan Henry" uniqKey="Grafman J" first="Jordan Henry" last="Grafman">Jordan Henry Grafman</name>
<name sortKey="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" sort="Kapogiannis, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Kapogiannis D" first="Dimitrios" last="Kapogiannis">Dimitrios Kapogiannis</name>
<name sortKey="Krueger, Frank" sort="Krueger, Frank" uniqKey="Krueger F" first="Frank" last="Krueger">Frank Krueger</name>
<name sortKey="Thornburg, Matthew P" sort="Thornburg, Matthew P" uniqKey="Thornburg M" first="Matthew P." last="Thornburg">Matthew P. Thornburg</name>
</noCountry>
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