Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery
Identifieur interne : 000730 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000729; suivant : 000731Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery
Auteurs : Archie Hughes-Hallett [Royaume-Uni] ; Philip Pratt [Royaume-Uni] ; James Dilley [Royaume-Uni] ; Justin Vale [Royaume-Uni] ; Ara Darzi [Royaume-Uni] ; Erik Mayer [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Cancer Imaging [ 1740-5025 ] ; 2015.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1470-7330-15-S1-O8
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 4601542
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4601542Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery</title><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, Archie" sort="Hughes Hallett, Archie" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A" first="Archie" last="Hughes-Hallett">Archie Hughes-Hallett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pratt, Philip" sort="Pratt, Philip" uniqKey="Pratt P" first="Philip" last="Pratt">Philip Pratt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dilley, James" sort="Dilley, James" uniqKey="Dilley J" first="James" last="Dilley">James Dilley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, Justin" sort="Vale, Justin" uniqKey="Vale J" first="Justin" last="Vale">Justin Vale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, Ara" sort="Darzi, Ara" uniqKey="Darzi A" first="Ara" last="Darzi">Ara Darzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, Erik" sort="Mayer, Erik" uniqKey="Mayer E" first="Erik" last="Mayer">Erik Mayer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmc">4601542</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4601542</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4601542</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1470-7330-15-S1-O8</idno><idno type="pmid">NONE</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C07</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000C07</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000730</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery</title><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, Archie" sort="Hughes Hallett, Archie" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A" first="Archie" last="Hughes-Hallett">Archie Hughes-Hallett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pratt, Philip" sort="Pratt, Philip" uniqKey="Pratt P" first="Philip" last="Pratt">Philip Pratt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dilley, James" sort="Dilley, James" uniqKey="Dilley J" first="James" last="Dilley">James Dilley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, Justin" sort="Vale, Justin" uniqKey="Vale J" first="Justin" last="Vale">Justin Vale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, Ara" sort="Darzi, Ara" uniqKey="Darzi A" first="Ara" last="Darzi">Ara Darzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, Erik" sort="Mayer, Erik" uniqKey="Mayer E" first="Erik" last="Mayer">Erik Mayer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>W2 1NY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cancer Imaging</title><idno type="ISSN">1740-5025</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-7330</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nicolau, S" uniqKey="Nicolau S">S Nicolau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soler, L" uniqKey="Soler L">L Soler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutter, D" uniqKey="Mutter D">D Mutter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marescaux, J" uniqKey="Marescaux J">J Marescaux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, A" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A">A Hughes-Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pratt, P" uniqKey="Pratt P">P Pratt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, E" uniqKey="Mayer E">E Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, S" uniqKey="Martin S">S Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, J" uniqKey="Vale J">J Vale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marcus, H" uniqKey="Marcus H">H Marcus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cundy, T" uniqKey="Cundy T">T Cundy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, A" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A">A Hughes-Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pratt, P" uniqKey="Pratt P">P Pratt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, E" uniqKey="Mayer E">E Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, S" uniqKey="Martin S">S Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, J" uniqKey="Vale J">J Vale</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pratt, P" uniqKey="Pratt P">P Pratt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, A" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A">A Hughes-Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marco, A" uniqKey="Di Marco A">A Di Marco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cundy, T" uniqKey="Cundy T">T Cundy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, E" uniqKey="Mayer E">E Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, J" uniqKey="Vale J">J Vale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, G Z" uniqKey="Yang G">G-Z Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, A" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A">A Hughes-Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pratt, P" uniqKey="Pratt P">P Pratt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayer, E" uniqKey="Mayer E">E Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marco, A" uniqKey="Di Marco A">A Di Marco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, G Z" uniqKey="Yang G">G-Z Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vale, J" uniqKey="Vale J">J Vale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darzi, A" uniqKey="Darzi A">A Darzi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cancer Imaging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cancer Imaging</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Cancer Imaging</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1740-5025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-7330</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4601542</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1470-7330-15-S1-O8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1470-7330-15-S1-O8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Oral Presentation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A1"><name><surname>Hughes-Hallett</surname><given-names>Archie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Pratt</surname><given-names>Philip</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Dilley</surname><given-names>James</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Vale</surname><given-names>Justin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Darzi</surname><given-names>Ara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A6"><name><surname>Mayer</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>e.mayer@imperial.ac.uk</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY, UK</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><supplement><named-content content-type="supplement-title">Proceedings of the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS) 15th Annual Teaching Course</named-content><named-content content-type="supplement-sponsor">Publication charges for this supplement were funded through the International Cancer Imaging Society by support received from Siemens Healthcare GmbH.</named-content></supplement><fpage>O8</fpage><lpage>O8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Hughes-Hallett et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Hughes-Hallett et al.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.cancerimagingjournal.com/content/15/S1/O8"></self-uri><conference><conf-date>5-7 October 2015</conf-date><conf-name>International Cancer Imaging Society Meeting and 15th Annual Teaching Course (ICIS 2015)</conf-name><conf-loc>London, UK</conf-loc></conference></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>Background</title><p>Over the last three decades, surgical practice has undergone a significant change with a move towards minimally invasive surgery (MIS) as the standard of care [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Although this has brought with it significant benefits, problems have also been associated with the advent of MIS. Perhaps the most substantial limitation associated with MIS is the loss of haptic feedback; this deficit is at its most extreme in robot-assisted surgery, where at present such feedback is lost entirely [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>].</p><p>The <italic>image-enhanced operating environment</italic> looks to mitigate for the loss of haptic feedback by providing the surgeon with visual cues to the subsurface anatomy. The use of intraoperative image guidance can be divided into that used for operative <italic>planning</italic>, to facilitate the rapid identification of critical anatomical structures, for example, and that used for task <italic>execution</italic>, an example of which is tumour resection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. These two steps have very different requirements, with the first needing a large amount of anatomical information to be displayed without the need to account for tissue deformation or accurate registration, while the second requires less information to be displayed, but with much greater spatial accuracy.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>The solution proposed herein, the <italic>image-enhanced operating environment</italic>, utilises two different imaging modalities and plays on their respective strengths to meet the differing needs of the two outlined steps of <italic>planning</italic> and <italic>execution</italic>. The platform has been built around the index procedure of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, although its potential application extends well beyond this scope.</p><p>The first step of operative <italic>planning</italic> utilises 3D reconstructions of preoperative cross-sectional imaging manipulated via a tablet-based interface [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>]. This information was displayed to the surgeon both on the tablet and within the <italic>da Vinci</italic> console using the stereo TilePro™ function (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA).</p><p>The second step of <italic>execution</italic> utilises optically registered intraoperative ultrasound. Using a live imaging modality mitigates for the problems of deformation often faced when trying to use preoperative imaging for high precision guidance. The ultrasound data is used to create freehand 3D reconstructions which are overlaid onto the operative view [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>].</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>To date, over 60 cases have been undertaken using the tablet-based planning component of <italic>the image enhanced operating environment</italic>. Over the course of this series, a subjective benefit has been demonstrated through the analysis of prospectively-collected questionnaire results. In addition, the platform has demonstrated objective safety, with no detrimental effects observed on outcome parameters. The use of registered ultrasound has been demonstrated <italic>in vivo</italic>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>], with results of an <italic>ex vivo</italic> study demonstrating potential efficacy awaited.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Replacing haptic feedback with visual cues to subsurface anatomy offers a number of potential direct and indirect benefits to the patient, including improved resection quality and a reduction in positive surgical margins. In addition to these direct benefits, the use of an <italic>image-enhanced operating environment</italic> could potentially influence case selection, where surgeons are prepared to take on cases with more challenging anatomy via a minimally invasive approach, because of the improved understanding they are given by the image guidance platform.</p></sec></body><back><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>The authors are grateful for support from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre funding scheme.</p></sec><ref-list><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Nicolau</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Soler</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Mutter</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Marescaux</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><article-title>Augmented reality in laparoscopic surgical oncology</article-title><source>Surg Oncol</source><year>2011</year><volume>20</volume><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.suronc.2011.07.002</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21802281</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Hughes-Hallett</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Pratt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Mayer</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Darzi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Vale</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Marcus</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Cundy</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><article-title>Augmented Reality Partial Nephrectomy: Examining the Current Status and Future Perspectives</article-title><source>Urology</source><year>2014</year><volume>83</volume><fpage>266</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.urology.2013.08.049</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24149104</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Hughes-Hallett</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Pratt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Mayer</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Darzi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Vale</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><article-title>Image guidance for all - TilePro<sup>TM</sup> display of three-dimensionally reconstructed images in robotic partial nephrectomy</article-title><source>Urology</source><year>2014</year><volume>84</volume><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.urology.2014.02.051</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24857271</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><mixed-citation publication-type="other"><name><surname>Pratt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Hughes-Hallett</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Di Marco</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Cundy</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Mayer</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Vale</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Darzi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>G-Z</given-names></name><article-title>Multimodal Reconstruction for Image-Guided Interventions</article-title><source>Proceedings of the Hamlyn Symposium</source><year>2013</year><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>60</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Hughes-Hallett</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Pratt</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Mayer</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Di Marco</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>G-Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Vale</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Darzi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><article-title>Intraoperative Ultrasound Overlay in Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy: First Clinical Experience</article-title><source>Eur Urol</source><year>2013</year><volume>65</volume><fpage>671</fpage><lpage>672</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24262103</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hughes Hallett, Archie" sort="Hughes Hallett, Archie" uniqKey="Hughes Hallett A" first="Archie" last="Hughes-Hallett">Archie Hughes-Hallett</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Darzi, Ara" sort="Darzi, Ara" uniqKey="Darzi A" first="Ara" last="Darzi">Ara Darzi</name><name sortKey="Darzi, Ara" sort="Darzi, Ara" uniqKey="Darzi A" first="Ara" last="Darzi">Ara Darzi</name><name sortKey="Dilley, James" sort="Dilley, James" uniqKey="Dilley J" first="James" last="Dilley">James Dilley</name><name sortKey="Mayer, Erik" sort="Mayer, Erik" uniqKey="Mayer E" first="Erik" last="Mayer">Erik Mayer</name><name sortKey="Pratt, Philip" sort="Pratt, Philip" uniqKey="Pratt P" first="Philip" last="Pratt">Philip Pratt</name><name sortKey="Vale, Justin" sort="Vale, Justin" uniqKey="Vale J" first="Justin" last="Vale">Justin Vale</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000730 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000730 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Ticri/CIDE
|area= HapticV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4601542
|texte= Augmented reality: 3D image-guided surgery
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:NONE" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |