Pushing typists back on the learning curve: revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.
Identifieur interne : 002816 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002815; suivant : 002817Pushing typists back on the learning curve: revealing chunking in skilled typewriting.
Auteurs : Motonori Yamaguchi ; Gordon D. LoganSource :
- Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance [ 1939-1277 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Executive Function, Memory, Short-Term, Perception, Psychomotor Performance.
- Adult, Humans, Learning Curve, Young Adult.
Abstract
Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.
DOI: 10.1037/a0033809
PubMed: 23875575
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Human perception and performance</title><idno type="eISSN">1939-1277</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Executive Function (physiology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Learning Curve</term><term>Memory, Short-Term (physiology)</term><term>Perception (physiology)</term><term>Psychomotor Performance (physiology)</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Executive Function</term><term>Memory, Short-Term</term><term>Perception</term><term>Psychomotor Performance</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Humans</term><term>Learning Curve</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical control at several levels of processing in skilled typewriting. In the first two experiments, we scrambled the order of letters in words to prevent skilled typists from chunking letters, and compared typing words and scrambled words. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus quality to reveal chunking in perception, and Experiment 2 manipulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory (STM). Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. We consider the role of automaticity in hierarchical control of skilled performance.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">23875575</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCompleted><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1939-1277</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of experimental psychology. 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Both experiments manipulated the number of letters in words and nonwords to reveal chunking in motor planning. In the next two experiments, we degraded typing skill by altering the usual haptic feedback by using a laser-projection keyboard, so that typists had to monitor keystrokes. Neither the number of motor chunks (Experiment 3) nor the number of STM items (Experiment 4) was influenced by the manipulation. The results indicate that the utilization of hierarchical control depends on whether the input allows chunking but not on whether the output is generated automatically. 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