Blur and Disparity are Complementary Cues to Depth
Identifieur interne : 001E61 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001E60; suivant : 001E62Blur and Disparity are Complementary Cues to Depth
Auteurs : Robert T. Held ; Emily A. Cooper ; Martin S. BanksSource :
- Current Biology [ 0960-9822 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Estimating depth from binocular disparity is extremely precise and the cue does not depend on statistical regularities in the environment. Thus, disparity is commonly regarded as the best visual cue for determining 3D layout. But depth from disparity is only precise near where one is looking; it is quite imprecise elsewhere [
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.033
PubMed: 22326024
PubMed Central: 3298574
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PMC:3298574Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Held, Robert T" sort="Held, Robert T" uniqKey="Held R" first="Robert T." last="Held">Robert T. Held</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Emily A" sort="Cooper, Emily A" uniqKey="Cooper E" first="Emily A." last="Cooper">Emily A. Cooper</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Banks, Martin S" sort="Banks, Martin S" uniqKey="Banks M" first="Martin S." last="Banks">Martin S. Banks</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Emily A" sort="Cooper, Emily A" uniqKey="Cooper E" first="Emily A." last="Cooper">Emily A. Cooper</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<p id="P1">Estimating depth from binocular disparity is extremely precise and the cue does not depend on statistical regularities in the environment. Thus, disparity is commonly regarded as the best visual cue for determining 3D layout. But depth from disparity is only precise near where one is looking; it is quite imprecise elsewhere [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>
-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>
]. To overcome this imprecision away from fixation, vision resorts to using other depth cues—e.g., linear perspective, familiar size, aerial perspective. But those cues depend on statistical regularities in the environment and are therefore not always reliable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>
]. Depth from defocus blur relies on fewer assumptions and has the same geometric constraints as disparity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>
], but different physiological constraints [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>
-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>
]. Hence, blur could in principle fill in the parts of visual space where disparity is imprecise [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>
]. We tested this possibility with a depth-discrimination experiment. We found that disparity was more precise near fixation and that blur was indeed more precise away from fixation. When both cues were available, observers relied on the more informative one. Blur appears to play an important, previously unrecognized [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>
,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>
] role in depth perception. Our findings lead to a new hypothesis about the evolution of slit-shaped pupils and have noteworthy implications for the design and implementation of stereo 3D viewing systems.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9107782</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">8548</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Biol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Current Biology</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">0960-9822</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1879-0445</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS351598</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Blur and Disparity are Complementary Cues to Depth</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Held</surname>
<given-names>Robert T.</given-names>
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<aff id="A1">Corresponding Author, Computer Science Division, University of California, California, Berkeley, Soda Hall, Mail Code 1776, Berkeley, CA 94720</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>Emily A.</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A2">Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 360 Minor Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Banks</surname>
<given-names>Martin S.</given-names>
</name>
<aff id="A3">Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, 360 Minor Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720</aff>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>25</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>6</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>6</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>426</fpage>
<lpage>431</lpage>
<abstract><title>Summary</title>
<p id="P1">Estimating depth from binocular disparity is extremely precise and the cue does not depend on statistical regularities in the environment. Thus, disparity is commonly regarded as the best visual cue for determining 3D layout. But depth from disparity is only precise near where one is looking; it is quite imprecise elsewhere [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>
-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>
]. To overcome this imprecision away from fixation, vision resorts to using other depth cues—e.g., linear perspective, familiar size, aerial perspective. But those cues depend on statistical regularities in the environment and are therefore not always reliable [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>
]. Depth from defocus blur relies on fewer assumptions and has the same geometric constraints as disparity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>
], but different physiological constraints [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>
-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>
]. Hence, blur could in principle fill in the parts of visual space where disparity is imprecise [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>
]. We tested this possibility with a depth-discrimination experiment. We found that disparity was more precise near fixation and that blur was indeed more precise away from fixation. When both cues were available, observers relied on the more informative one. Blur appears to play an important, previously unrecognized [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>
,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>
] role in depth perception. Our findings lead to a new hypothesis about the evolution of slit-shaped pupils and have noteworthy implications for the design and implementation of stereo 3D viewing systems.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Eye Institute : NEI</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 EY012851-11 || EY</award-id>
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<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Eye Institute : NEI</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 EY012851-10 || EY</award-id>
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</front>
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<name sortKey="Held, Robert T" sort="Held, Robert T" uniqKey="Held R" first="Robert T." last="Held">Robert T. Held</name>
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