No Effect of Weight on Judgments of Importance in the Moral Domain and Evidence of Publication Bias from a Meta-Analysis
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Auteurs : André L. A. Rabelo [Brésil] ; Victor N. Keller [Brésil] ; Ronaldo Pilati [Brésil] ; Jelte M. Wicherts [Pays-Bas]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
In different cultures, people use the concept of weight to refer to important matters. Recent studies in grounded cognition suggested that experiences of weight affect unrelated judgments of importance in metaphor-congruent ways. Theories in grounded cognition and prime-to-behavior effects state that sensations of weight activate concepts of importance, which may affect morality-related variables that are influenced by judgments of importance. The present research aimed to test the effect of carrying a heavy (or light) clipboard on the perceived importance of helping and on the judged severity of moral transgressions. After finding no significant effects in two experiments, a third study explored whether these results were due to a specific lack of effect of weight on morality-related variables or to the concept of importance not being grounded in sensations of weight in Brazilian samples. Specifically, in Study 3 we attempted to replicate two seminal studies but found no significant effects. Together with evidence of publication bias in a meta-analysis of published studies, the current results suggest that the concept of importance may not be as universally grounded in sensations of weight as previously assumed. We discuss the implications of these results for grounded cognition theories and methodological and statistical aspects of priming studies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134808
PubMed: 26241042
PubMed Central: 4524628
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Keller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilati, Ronaldo" sort="Pilati, Ronaldo" uniqKey="Pilati R" first="Ronaldo" last="Pilati">Ronaldo Pilati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wicherts, Jelte M" sort="Wicherts, Jelte M" uniqKey="Wicherts J" first="Jelte M." last="Wicherts">Jelte M. Wicherts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tilburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26241042</idno><idno type="pmc">4524628</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524628</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4524628</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0134808</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000315</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000315</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000432</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003B33</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003B33</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">No Effect of Weight on Judgments of Importance in the Moral Domain and Evidence of Publication Bias from a Meta-Analysis</title><author><name sortKey="Rabelo, Andre L A" sort="Rabelo, Andre L A" uniqKey="Rabelo A" first="André L. A." last="Rabelo">André L. A. Rabelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, Victor N" sort="Keller, Victor N" uniqKey="Keller V" first="Victor N." last="Keller">Victor N. Keller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilati, Ronaldo" sort="Pilati, Ronaldo" uniqKey="Pilati R" first="Ronaldo" last="Pilati">Ronaldo Pilati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Work and Social Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wicherts, Jelte M" sort="Wicherts, Jelte M" uniqKey="Wicherts J" first="Jelte M." last="Wicherts">Jelte M. Wicherts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tilburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In different cultures, people use the concept of weight to refer to important matters. Recent studies in grounded cognition suggested that experiences of weight affect unrelated judgments of importance in metaphor-congruent ways. Theories in grounded cognition and prime-to-behavior effects state that sensations of weight activate concepts of importance, which may affect morality-related variables that are influenced by judgments of importance. The present research aimed to test the effect of carrying a heavy (or light) clipboard on the perceived importance of helping and on the judged severity of moral transgressions. After finding no significant effects in two experiments, a third study explored whether these results were due to a specific lack of effect of weight on morality-related variables or to the concept of importance not being grounded in sensations of weight in Brazilian samples. Specifically, in Study 3 we attempted to replicate two seminal studies but found no significant effects. Together with evidence of publication bias in a meta-analysis of published studies, the current results suggest that the concept of importance may not be as universally grounded in sensations of weight as previously assumed. We discuss the implications of these results for grounded cognition theories and methodological and statistical aspects of priming studies.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jostmann, Nb" uniqKey="Jostmann N">NB Jostmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakens, D" uniqKey="Lakens D">D Lakens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schubert, Tw" uniqKey="Schubert T">TW Schubert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ijzerman, H" uniqKey="Ijzerman H">H IJzerman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Padiotis, N" uniqKey="Padiotis N">N Padiotis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koole, Sl" uniqKey="Koole S">SL Koole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Landau, Mj" uniqKey="Landau M">MJ Landau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meier, Bp" uniqKey="Meier B">BP Meier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keefer, La" uniqKey="Keefer L">LA Keefer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, M" uniqKey="Zhang M">M Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barsalou, Lw" uniqKey="Barsalou L">LW Barsalou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niedenthal, Pm" uniqKey="Niedenthal P">PM Niedenthal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barsalou, Lw" uniqKey="Barsalou L">LW Barsalou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winkielman, P" uniqKey="Winkielman P">P Winkielman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krauth Gruber, S" uniqKey="Krauth Gruber S">S Krauth-Gruber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ric, F" uniqKey="Ric F">F Ric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barsalou, Lw" uniqKey="Barsalou L">LW Barsalou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lakens, D" uniqKey="Lakens D">D Lakens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loersch, C" uniqKey="Loersch C">C Loersch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, Bk" uniqKey="Payne B">BK Payne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ackerman, Jm" uniqKey="Ackerman J">JM Ackerman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nocera, Cc" uniqKey="Nocera C">CC Nocera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bargh, Ja" uniqKey="Bargh J">JA Bargh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chandler, Jj" uniqKey="Chandler J">JJ Chandler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reinhard, D" uniqKey="Reinhard D">D Reinhard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, N" uniqKey="Schwarz N">N Schwarz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alban, Mw" uniqKey="Alban M">MW Alban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelley, Cm" uniqKey="Kelley C">CM Kelley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kouchaki, M" uniqKey="Kouchaki M">M Kouchaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gino, F" uniqKey="Gino F">F Gino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jami, A" uniqKey="Jami A">A Jami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, Ak Y" uniqKey="Leung A">AK-y. 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