The Combined Effects of Body Weight Support and Gait Speed on Gait Related Muscle Activity: A Comparison between Walking in the Lokomat Exoskeleton and Regular Treadmill Walking
Identifieur interne : 003292 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 003291; suivant : 003293The Combined Effects of Body Weight Support and Gait Speed on Gait Related Muscle Activity: A Comparison between Walking in the Lokomat Exoskeleton and Regular Treadmill Walking
Auteurs : Klaske Van Kammen [Pays-Bas] ; Annemarijke Boonstra [Pays-Bas] ; Heleen Reinders-Messelink [Pays-Bas] ; Rob Den Otter [Pays-Bas]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
For the development of specialized training protocols for robot assisted gait training, it is important to understand how the use of exoskeletons alters locomotor task demands, and how the nature and magnitude of these changes depend on training parameters. Therefore, the present study assessed the combined effects of gait speed and body weight support (BWS) on muscle activity, and compared these between treadmill walking and walking in the Lokomat exoskeleton.
Ten healthy participants walked on a treadmill and in the Lokomat, with varying levels of BWS (0% and 50% of the participants’ body weight) and gait speed (0.8, 1.8, and 2.8 km/h), while temporal step characteristics and muscle activity from Erector Spinae, Gluteus Medius, Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius Medialis, and Tibialis Anterior muscles were recorded.
The temporal structure of the stepping pattern was altered when participants walked in the Lokomat or when BWS was provided (i.e. the relative duration of the double support phase was reduced, and the single support phase prolonged), but these differences normalized as gait speed increased. Alternations in muscle activity were characterized by complex interactions between walking conditions and training parameters: Differences between treadmill walking and walking in the exoskeleton were most prominent at low gait speeds, and speed effects were attenuated when BWS was provided.
Walking in the Lokomat exoskeleton without movement guidance alters the temporal step regulation and the neuromuscular control of walking, although the nature and magnitude of these effects depend on complex interactions with gait speed and BWS. If normative neuromuscular control of gait is targeted during training, it is recommended that very low speeds and high levels of BWS should be avoided when possible.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107323
PubMed: 25226302
PubMed Central: 4167325
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Combined Effects of Body Weight Support and Gait Speed on Gait Related Muscle Activity: A Comparison between Walking in the Lokomat Exoskeleton and Regular Treadmill Walking</title><author><name sortKey="Van Kammen, Klaske" sort="Van Kammen, Klaske" uniqKey="Van Kammen K" first="Klaske" last="Van Kammen">Klaske Van Kammen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boonstra, Annemarijke" sort="Boonstra, Annemarijke" uniqKey="Boonstra A" first="Annemarijke" last="Boonstra">Annemarijke Boonstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beetsterzwaag</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reinders Messelink, Heleen" sort="Reinders Messelink, Heleen" uniqKey="Reinders Messelink H" first="Heleen" last="Reinders-Messelink">Heleen Reinders-Messelink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beetsterzwaag</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Otter, Rob" sort="Den Otter, Rob" uniqKey="Den Otter R" first="Rob" last="Den Otter">Rob Den Otter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25226302</idno><idno type="pmc">4167325</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167325</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4167325</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0107323</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002367</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002367</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000907</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003292</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003292</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Combined Effects of Body Weight Support and Gait Speed on Gait Related Muscle Activity: A Comparison between Walking in the Lokomat Exoskeleton and Regular Treadmill Walking</title><author><name sortKey="Van Kammen, Klaske" sort="Van Kammen, Klaske" uniqKey="Van Kammen K" first="Klaske" last="Van Kammen">Klaske Van Kammen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boonstra, Annemarijke" sort="Boonstra, Annemarijke" uniqKey="Boonstra A" first="Annemarijke" last="Boonstra">Annemarijke Boonstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beetsterzwaag</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reinders Messelink, Heleen" sort="Reinders Messelink, Heleen" uniqKey="Reinders Messelink H" first="Heleen" last="Reinders-Messelink">Heleen Reinders-Messelink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Rehabilitation Center ‘Revalidatie Friesland’, Beetsterzwaag</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beetsterzwaag</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Den Otter, Rob" sort="Den Otter, Rob" uniqKey="Den Otter R" first="Rob" last="Den Otter">Rob Den Otter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>For the development of specialized training protocols for robot assisted gait training, it is important to understand how the use of exoskeletons alters locomotor task demands, and how the nature and magnitude of these changes depend on training parameters. Therefore, the present study assessed the combined effects of gait speed and body weight support (BWS) on muscle activity, and compared these between treadmill walking and walking in the Lokomat exoskeleton.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Ten healthy participants walked on a treadmill and in the Lokomat, with varying levels of BWS (0% and 50% of the participants’ body weight) and gait speed (0.8, 1.8, and 2.8 km/h), while temporal step characteristics and muscle activity from Erector Spinae, Gluteus Medius, Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius Medialis, and Tibialis Anterior muscles were recorded.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The temporal structure of the stepping pattern was altered when participants walked in the Lokomat or when BWS was provided (i.e. the relative duration of the double support phase was reduced, and the single support phase prolonged), but these differences normalized as gait speed increased. Alternations in muscle activity were characterized by complex interactions between walking conditions and training parameters: Differences between treadmill walking and walking in the exoskeleton were most prominent at low gait speeds, and speed effects were attenuated when BWS was provided.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Walking in the Lokomat exoskeleton without movement guidance alters the temporal step regulation and the neuromuscular control of walking, although the nature and magnitude of these effects depend on complex interactions with gait speed and BWS. If normative neuromuscular control of gait is targeted during training, it is recommended that very low speeds and high levels of BWS should be avoided when possible.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bohannon, Rw" uniqKey="Bohannon R">RW Bohannon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpert, Dm" uniqKey="Wolpert D">DM Wolpert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghahramani, Z" uniqKey="Ghahramani Z">Z Ghahramani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flanagan, Jr" uniqKey="Flanagan J">JR Flanagan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kwakkel, G" uniqKey="Kwakkel G">G Kwakkel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagenaar, Rc" uniqKey="Wagenaar R">RC Wagenaar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelman, Tw" uniqKey="Koelman T">TW Koelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lankhorst, Gj" uniqKey="Lankhorst G">GJ 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Fröhlich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Den Otter, Ar" uniqKey="Den Otter A">AR Den Otter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geurts, Ach" uniqKey="Geurts A">ACH Geurts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulder, T" uniqKey="Mulder T">T Mulder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duysens, J" uniqKey="Duysens J">J Duysens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dietz, V" uniqKey="Dietz V">V Dietz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wirz, M" uniqKey="Wirz M">M Wirz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curt, A" uniqKey="Curt A">A Curt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colombo, G" uniqKey="Colombo G">G Colombo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leonard, Ct" uniqKey="Leonard C">CT Leonard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschfeld, H" uniqKey="Hirschfeld H">H Hirschfeld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Forssberg, H" 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