Uniqueness of Human Running Coordination: The Integration of Modern and Ancient Evolutionary Innovations
Identifieur interne : 004213 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 004212; suivant : 004214Uniqueness of Human Running Coordination: The Integration of Modern and Ancient Evolutionary Innovations
Auteurs : John Kiely [Royaume-Uni, Irlande (pays)] ; David J. Collins [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Frontiers in Psychology [ 1664-1078 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Running is a pervasive activity across human cultures and a cornerstone of contemporary health, fitness, and sporting activities. Yet for the overwhelming predominance of human existence running was an essential prerequisite for survival. A means to hunt, and a means to escape when hunted. In a very real sense humans have evolved to run. Yet curiously, perhaps due to running's cultural ubiquity and the natural ease with which we learn to run, we rarely consider the uniqueness of human bipedal running within the animal kingdom. Our unique upright, single stance, bouncing running gait imposes a unique set of coordinative difficulties. Challenges demanding we precariously balance our fragile brains in the very position where they are most vulnerable to falling injury while simultaneously retaining stability, steering direction of travel, and powering the upcoming stride: all within the abbreviated time-frames afforded by short, violent ground contacts separated by long flight times. These running coordination challenges are solved through the tightly-integrated blending of primitive evolutionary legacies, conserved from reptilian and vertebrate lineages, and comparatively modern, more exclusively human, innovations. The integrated unification of these top-down and bottom-up control processes bestows humans with an agile control system, enabling us to readily modulate speeds, change direction, negotiate varied terrains and to instantaneously adapt to changing surface conditions. The seamless integration of these evolutionary processes is facilitated by pervasive, neural and biological, activity-dependent adaptive plasticity. Over time, and with progressive exposure, this adaptive plasticity shapes neural and biological structures to best cope with regularly imposed movement challenges. This pervasive plasticity enables the gradual construction of a robust system of distributed coordinated control, comprised of processes that are so deeply collectively entwined that describing their functionality in isolation obscures their true irrevocably entangled nature. Although other species rely on a similar set of coordinated processes to run, the bouncing bipedal nature of human running presents a specific set of coordination challenges, solved using a customized blend of evolved solutions. A deeper appreciation of the foundations of the running coordination phenomenon promotes conceptual clarity, potentially informing future advances in running training and running-injury rehabilitation interventions.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00262
PubMed: 27148098
PubMed Central: 4826868
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000601
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000601
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000009
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 004213
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 004213
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4826868Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Uniqueness of Human Running Coordination: The Integration of Modern and Ancient Evolutionary Innovations</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kiely, John" sort="Kiely, John" uniqKey="Kiely J" first="John" last="Kiely">John Kiely</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire</institution>
<country>Preston, UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Fitness Department, Irish Rugby Football Union</institution>
<country>Dublin, Ireland</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, David J" sort="Collins, David J" uniqKey="Collins D" first="David J." last="Collins">David J. Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire</institution>
<country>Preston, UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27148098</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4826868</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826868</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4826868</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00262</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000601</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000601</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000009</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004213</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004213</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004213</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Uniqueness of Human Running Coordination: The Integration of Modern and Ancient Evolutionary Innovations</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kiely, John" sort="Kiely, John" uniqKey="Kiely J" first="John" last="Kiely">John Kiely</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire</institution>
<country>Preston, UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Fitness Department, Irish Rugby Football Union</institution>
<country>Dublin, Ireland</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, David J" sort="Collins, David J" uniqKey="Collins D" first="David J." last="Collins">David J. Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>School of Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire</institution>
<country>Preston, UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Psychology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1664-1078</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Running is a pervasive activity across human cultures and a cornerstone of contemporary health, fitness, and sporting activities. Yet for the overwhelming predominance of human existence running was an essential prerequisite for survival. A means to hunt, and a means to escape when hunted. In a very real sense humans have evolved to run. Yet curiously, perhaps due to running's cultural ubiquity and the natural ease with which we learn to run, we rarely consider the uniqueness of human bipedal running within the animal kingdom. Our unique upright, single stance, bouncing running gait imposes a unique set of coordinative difficulties. Challenges demanding we precariously balance our fragile brains in the very position where they are most vulnerable to falling injury while simultaneously retaining stability, steering direction of travel, and powering the upcoming stride: all within the abbreviated time-frames afforded by short, violent ground contacts separated by long flight times. These running coordination challenges are solved through the tightly-integrated blending of primitive evolutionary legacies, conserved from reptilian and vertebrate lineages, and comparatively modern, more exclusively human, innovations. The integrated unification of these top-down and bottom-up control processes bestows humans with an agile control system, enabling us to readily modulate speeds, change direction, negotiate varied terrains and to instantaneously adapt to changing surface conditions. The seamless integration of these evolutionary processes is facilitated by pervasive, neural and biological, activity-dependent adaptive plasticity. Over time, and with progressive exposure, this adaptive plasticity shapes neural and biological structures to best cope with regularly imposed movement challenges. This pervasive plasticity enables the gradual construction of a robust system of distributed coordinated control, comprised of processes that are so deeply collectively entwined that describing their functionality in isolation obscures their true irrevocably entangled nature. Although other species rely on a similar set of coordinated processes to run, the bouncing bipedal nature of human running presents a specific set of coordination challenges, solved using a customized blend of evolved solutions. A deeper appreciation of the foundations of the running coordination phenomenon promotes conceptual clarity, potentially informing future advances in running training and running-injury rehabilitation interventions.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Biewener, A A" uniqKey="Biewener A">A. A. Biewener</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daley, M A" uniqKey="Daley M">M. A. Daley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blickhan, R" uniqKey="Blickhan R">R. Blickhan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seyfarth, A" uniqKey="Seyfarth A">A. Seyfarth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wagner, H" uniqKey="Wagner H">H. Wagner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedrichs, A" uniqKey="Friedrichs A">A. Friedrichs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunther, M" uniqKey="Gunther M">M. Günther</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maier, K" uniqKey="Maier K">K. Maier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blickhan, R" uniqKey="Blickhan R">R. Blickhan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ernst, M" uniqKey="Ernst M">M. Ernst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koch, M" uniqKey="Koch M">M. Koch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, R" uniqKey="Muller R">R. Müller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bramble, D M" uniqKey="Bramble D">D. M. Bramble</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lieberman, D E" uniqKey="Lieberman D">D. E. Lieberman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, I E" uniqKey="Brown I">I. E. Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loeb, G E" uniqKey="Loeb G">G. E. Loeb</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Daley, M A" uniqKey="Daley M">M. A. Daley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biewener, A A" uniqKey="Biewener A">A. A. Biewener</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Daley, M A" uniqKey="Daley M">M. A. Daley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Felix, G" uniqKey="Felix G">G. Felix</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biewener, A A" uniqKey="Biewener A">A. A. Biewener</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dickinson, M H" uniqKey="Dickinson M">M. H. Dickinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farley, C T" uniqKey="Farley C">C. T. Farley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Full, R J" uniqKey="Full R">R. J. Full</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koehl, M A" uniqKey="Koehl M">M. A. Koehl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kram, R" uniqKey="Kram R">R. Kram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehman, S" uniqKey="Lehman S">S. Lehman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dickinson, P S" uniqKey="Dickinson P">P. S. Dickinson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dimitriou, M" uniqKey="Dimitriou M">M. Dimitriou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dzeladini, F" uniqKey="Dzeladini F">F. Dzeladini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Kieboom, J" uniqKey="Van Den Kieboom J">J. van den Kieboom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ijspeert, A" uniqKey="Ijspeert A">A. Ijspeert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fluck, M" uniqKey="Fluck M">M. Flück</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fuller, B" uniqKey="Fuller B">B. Fuller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haeufle, D F B" uniqKey="Haeufle D">D. F. B. Haeufle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grimmer, S" uniqKey="Grimmer S">S. Grimmer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalveram, K T" uniqKey="Kalveram K">K. T. Kalveram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seyfarth, A" uniqKey="Seyfarth A">A. Seyfarth</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harridge, S D R" uniqKey="Harridge S">S. D. R. Harridge</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heng, C" uniqKey="Heng C">C. Heng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Leon, R D" uniqKey="De Leon R">R. D. de Leon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoppeler, H" uniqKey="Hoppeler H">H. Hoppeler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baum, O" uniqKey="Baum O">O. Baum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lurman, G" uniqKey="Lurman G">G. Lurman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mueller, M" uniqKey="Mueller M">M. Mueller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ijspeert, A J" uniqKey="Ijspeert A">A. J. Ijspeert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingber, D E" uniqKey="Ingber D">D. E. Ingber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jahfari, S" uniqKey="Jahfari S">S. Jahfari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verbruggen, F" uniqKey="Verbruggen F">F. Verbruggen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frank, M J" uniqKey="Frank M">M. J. Frank</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waldorp, L J" uniqKey="Waldorp L">L. J. Waldorp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colzato, L" uniqKey="Colzato L">L. Colzato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ridderinkhof, K R" uniqKey="Ridderinkhof K">K. R Ridderinkhof</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kitano, H" uniqKey="Kitano H">H. Kitano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knikou, M" uniqKey="Knikou M">M. Knikou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lacquaniti, F" uniqKey="Lacquaniti F">F. Lacquaniti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ivanenko, Y P" uniqKey="Ivanenko Y">Y. P. Ivanenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zago, M" uniqKey="Zago M">M. Zago</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langen, M" uniqKey="Langen M">M. Langen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kas, M J" uniqKey="Kas M">M. J. Kas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Staal, W G" uniqKey="Staal W">W. G. Staal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Engeland, H" uniqKey="Van Engeland H">H. van Engeland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durston, S" uniqKey="Durston S">S. Durston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lemon, R N" uniqKey="Lemon R">R. N. Lemon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levin, S M" uniqKey="Levin S">S. M. Levin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mackay Lyons, M" uniqKey="Mackay Lyons M">M. MacKay-Lyons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mason, P H" uniqKey="Mason P">P. H. Mason</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, D J" uniqKey="Miller D">D. J. Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duka, T" uniqKey="Duka T">T. Duka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stimpson, C D" uniqKey="Stimpson C">C. D. Stimpson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schapiro, S J Baze W B" uniqKey="Schapiro S">S. J, Baze, W. B. Schapiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcarthur, M J" uniqKey="Mcarthur M">M. J. McArthur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, R H" uniqKey="Miller R">R. H. Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umberger, B R" uniqKey="Umberger B">B. R. Umberger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamill, J" uniqKey="Hamill J">J. Hamill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caldwell, G E" uniqKey="Caldwell G">G. E. Caldwell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moritz, C T" uniqKey="Moritz C">C. T. Moritz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farley, C T" uniqKey="Farley C">C. T. Farley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, J" uniqKey="Nielsen J">J. Nielsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crone, C" uniqKey="Crone C">C. Crone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hultborn, H" uniqKey="Hultborn H">H. Hultborn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niven, J E" uniqKey="Niven J">J. E. Niven</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laughlin, S B" uniqKey="Laughlin S">S. B. Laughlin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogawa, T" uniqKey="Ogawa T">T. Ogawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawashima, N" uniqKey="Kawashima N">N. Kawashima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suzuki, S" uniqKey="Suzuki S">S. Suzuki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, K" uniqKey="Nakazawa K">K. Nakazawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schleip, R" uniqKey="Schleip R">R. Schleip</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, D G" uniqKey="Muller D">D. G. Müller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shadmehr, R" uniqKey="Shadmehr R">R. Shadmehr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, M A" uniqKey="Smith M">M. A. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krakauer, J W" uniqKey="Krakauer J">J. W. Krakauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sidhu, S K" uniqKey="Sidhu S">S. K. Sidhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoffman, B W" uniqKey="Hoffman B">B. W. Hoffman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cresswell, A G" uniqKey="Cresswell A">A. G. Cresswell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carroll, T J" uniqKey="Carroll T">T. J. Carroll</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Skoyles, J" uniqKey="Skoyles J">J. Skoyles</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Skoyles, J R" uniqKey="Skoyles J">J. R. Skoyles</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slobounov, S" uniqKey="Slobounov S">S. Slobounov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, T" uniqKey="Wu T">T. Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallett, M" uniqKey="Hallett M">M. Hallett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shibasaki, H" uniqKey="Shibasaki H">H. Shibasaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slobounov, E" uniqKey="Slobounov E">E. Slobounov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newell, K" uniqKey="Newell K">K. Newell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, M" uniqKey="Suzuki M">M. Suzuki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyai, I" uniqKey="Miyai I">I. Miyai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ono, T" uniqKey="Ono T">T. Ono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oda, I" uniqKey="Oda I">I. Oda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Konishi, I" uniqKey="Konishi I">I. Konishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kochiyama, T" uniqKey="Kochiyama T">T. Kochiyama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taubert, M" uniqKey="Taubert M">M. Taubert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Draganski, B" uniqKey="Draganski B">B. Draganski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anwander, A" uniqKey="Anwander A">A. Anwander</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="M, K" uniqKey="M K">K. M</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horstmann, A" uniqKey="Horstmann A">A. Horstmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villringer, A" uniqKey="Villringer A">A. Villringer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thoroughman, K A" uniqKey="Thoroughman K">K. A. Thoroughman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shadmehr, R" uniqKey="Shadmehr R">R. Shadmehr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Todorov, E" uniqKey="Todorov E">E. Todorov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turvey, M T" uniqKey="Turvey M">M. T. Turvey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fonseca, S T" uniqKey="Fonseca S">S. T. Fonseca</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Krogt, M M" uniqKey="Van Der Krogt M">M. M. van der Krogt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Graaf, W W" uniqKey="De Graaf W">W. W. de Graaf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farley, C T" uniqKey="Farley C">C. T. Farley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moritz, C T" uniqKey="Moritz C">C. T. Moritz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casius, L R" uniqKey="Casius L">L. R. Casius</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bobbert, M F" uniqKey="Bobbert M">M. F. Bobbert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Whitacre, J M" uniqKey="Whitacre J">J. M. Whitacre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpaw, J R" uniqKey="Wolpaw J">J. R. Wolpaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, X Y" uniqKey="Chen X">X. Y. Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpert, D M" uniqKey="Wolpert D">D. M. Wolpert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diedrichsen, J" uniqKey="Diedrichsen J">J. Diedrichsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flanagan, J R" uniqKey="Flanagan J">J. R. Flanagan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpert, D M" uniqKey="Wolpert D">D. M. Wolpert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flanagan, J R" uniqKey="Flanagan J">J. R. Flanagan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zehr, E P" uniqKey="Zehr E">E. P. Zehr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balter, J E" uniqKey="Balter J">J. E. Balter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferris, D P" uniqKey="Ferris D">D. P. Ferris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hundza, S R" uniqKey="Hundza S">S. R. Hundza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loadman, P M" uniqKey="Loadman P">P. M. Loadman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoloff, R H" uniqKey="Stoloff R">R. H. Stoloff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Irlande (pays)</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kiely, John" sort="Kiely, John" uniqKey="Kiely J" first="John" last="Kiely">John Kiely</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Collins, David J" sort="Collins, David J" uniqKey="Collins D" first="David J." last="Collins">David J. Collins</name>
</country>
<country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kiely, John" sort="Kiely, John" uniqKey="Kiely J" first="John" last="Kiely">John Kiely</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 004213 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 004213 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= HapticV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4826868 |texte= Uniqueness of Human Running Coordination: The Integration of Modern and Ancient Evolutionary Innovations }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27148098" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. | ![]() |