A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue
Identifieur interne : 001494 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001493; suivant : 001495A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue
Auteurs : Martijn Schreuder [Allemagne] ; Benjamin Blankertz [Allemagne] ; Michael Tangermann [Allemagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Most P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) approaches use the visual modality for stimulation. For use with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) this might not be the preferable choice because of sight deterioration. Moreover, using a modality different from the visual one minimizes interference with possible visual feedback. Therefore, a multi-class BCI paradigm is proposed that uses spatially distributed, auditory cues. Ten healthy subjects participated in an offline oddball task with the spatial location of the stimuli being a discriminating cue. Experiments were done in free field, with an individual speaker for each location. Different inter-stimulus intervals of 1000 ms, 300 ms and 175 ms were tested. With averaging over multiple repetitions, selection scores went over 90% for most conditions, i.e., in over 90% of the trials the correct location was selected. One subject reached a 100% correct score. Corresponding information transfer rates were high, up to an average score of 17.39 bits/minute for the 175 ms condition (best subject 25.20 bits/minute). When presenting the stimuli through a single speaker, thus effectively canceling the spatial properties of the cue, selection scores went down below 70% for most subjects. We conclude that the proposed spatial auditory paradigm is successful for healthy subjects and shows promising results that may lead to a fast BCI that solely relies on the auditory sense.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009813
PubMed: 20368976
PubMed Central: 2848564
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002382
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002382
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001F83
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 001494
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 001494
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2848564Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue</title><author><name sortKey="Schreuder, Martijn" sort="Schreuder, Martijn" uniqKey="Schreuder M" first="Martijn" last="Schreuder">Martijn Schreuder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blankertz, Benjamin" sort="Blankertz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Blankertz B" first="Benjamin" last="Blankertz">Benjamin Blankertz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Intelligent Data Analysis Group, Fraunhofer FIRST, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Intelligent Data Analysis Group, Fraunhofer FIRST, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tangermann, Michael" sort="Tangermann, Michael" uniqKey="Tangermann M" first="Michael" last="Tangermann">Michael Tangermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20368976</idno><idno type="pmc">2848564</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848564</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2848564</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0009813</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001F83</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001494</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001494</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001494</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue</title><author><name sortKey="Schreuder, Martijn" sort="Schreuder, Martijn" uniqKey="Schreuder M" first="Martijn" last="Schreuder">Martijn Schreuder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blankertz, Benjamin" sort="Blankertz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Blankertz B" first="Benjamin" last="Blankertz">Benjamin Blankertz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Intelligent Data Analysis Group, Fraunhofer FIRST, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Intelligent Data Analysis Group, Fraunhofer FIRST, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tangermann, Michael" sort="Tangermann, Michael" uniqKey="Tangermann M" first="Michael" last="Tangermann">Michael Tangermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Most P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) approaches use the visual modality for stimulation. For use with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) this might not be the preferable choice because of sight deterioration. Moreover, using a modality different from the visual one minimizes interference with possible visual feedback. Therefore, a multi-class BCI paradigm is proposed that uses spatially distributed, auditory cues. Ten healthy subjects participated in an offline oddball task with the spatial location of the stimuli being a discriminating cue. Experiments were done in free field, with an individual speaker for each location. Different inter-stimulus intervals of 1000 ms, 300 ms and 175 ms were tested. With averaging over multiple repetitions, selection scores went over 90% for most conditions, i.e., in over 90% of the trials the correct location was selected. One subject reached a 100% correct score. Corresponding information transfer rates were high, up to an average score of 17.39 bits/minute for the 175 ms condition (best subject 25.20 bits/minute). When presenting the stimuli through a single speaker, thus effectively canceling the spatial properties of the cue, selection scores went down below 70% for most subjects. We conclude that the proposed spatial auditory paradigm is successful for healthy subjects and shows promising results that may lead to a fast BCI that solely relies on the auditory sense.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpaw, Jr" uniqKey="Wolpaw J">JR Wolpaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birbaumer, N" uniqKey="Birbaumer N">N Birbaumer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Dj" uniqKey="Mcfarland D">DJ McFarland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfurtscheller, G" uniqKey="Pfurtscheller G">G Pfurtscheller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaughan, Tm" uniqKey="Vaughan T">TM Vaughan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, Nj" uniqKey="Hill N">NJ Hill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lal, Tn" uniqKey="Lal T">TN Lal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bierig, K" uniqKey="Bierig K">K Bierig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birbaumer, N" uniqKey="Birbaumer N">N Birbaumer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scholkopf, B" uniqKey="Scholkopf B">B Schölkopf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nijboer, F" uniqKey="Nijboer F">F Nijboer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Furdea, A" uniqKey="Furdea A">A Furdea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunst, I" uniqKey="Gunst I">I Gunst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mellinger, J" uniqKey="Mellinger J">J Mellinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Dj" uniqKey="Mcfarland D">DJ McFarland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sellers, Ew" uniqKey="Sellers E">EW Sellers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donchin, E" uniqKey="Donchin E">E Donchin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Furdea, A" uniqKey="Furdea A">A Furdea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halder, S" uniqKey="Halder S">S Halder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krusienski, Dj" uniqKey="Krusienski D">DJ Krusienski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bross, D" uniqKey="Bross D">D Bross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nijboer, F" uniqKey="Nijboer F">F Nijboer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desain, P" uniqKey="Desain P">P Desain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hupse, A" uniqKey="Hupse A">A Hupse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kallenberg, M" uniqKey="Kallenberg M">M Kallenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Kruif, B" uniqKey="De Kruif B">B de Kruif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schaefer, R" uniqKey="Schaefer R">R Schaefer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanoh, S" uniqKey="Kanoh S">S Kanoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ichiro Miyamoto, K" uniqKey="Ichiro Miyamoto K">K Ichiro Miyamoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoshinobu, T" uniqKey="Yoshinobu T">T Yoshinobu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hinterberger, T" uniqKey="Hinterberger T">T Hinterberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neumann, N" uniqKey="Neumann N">N Neumann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pham, M" uniqKey="Pham M">M Pham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kubler, A" uniqKey="Kubler A">A Kübler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grether, A" uniqKey="Grether A">A Grether</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farquhar, J" uniqKey="Farquhar J">J Farquhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blankespoor, J" uniqKey="Blankespoor J">J Blankespoor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vlek, R" uniqKey="Vlek R">R Vlek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Desain, I" uniqKey="Desain I">I Desain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klobassa, Ds" uniqKey="Klobassa D">DS Klobassa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaughan, Tm" uniqKey="Vaughan T">TM Vaughan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner, P" uniqKey="Brunner P">P Brunner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Ne" uniqKey="Schwartz N">NE Schwartz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolpaw, Jr" uniqKey="Wolpaw J">JR Wolpaw</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller Putz, Gr" uniqKey="Muller Putz G">GR Müller-Putz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, R" uniqKey="Scherer R">R Scherer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neuper, C" uniqKey="Neuper C">C Neuper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfurtscheller, G" uniqKey="Pfurtscheller G">G Pfurtscheller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cincotti, F" uniqKey="Cincotti F">F Cincotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kauhanen, L" uniqKey="Kauhanen L">L Kauhanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aloise, F" uniqKey="Aloise F">F Aloise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palom Ki, T" uniqKey="Palom Ki T">T Palomäki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caporusso, N" uniqKey="Caporusso N">N Caporusso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, A" uniqKey="Chatterjee A">A Chatterjee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, V" uniqKey="Aggarwal V">V Aggarwal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramos, A" uniqKey="Ramos A">A Ramos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Acharya, S" uniqKey="Acharya S">S Acharya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thakor, Nv" uniqKey="Thakor N">NV Thakor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brouwer, Am" uniqKey="Brouwer A">AM Brouwer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Erp, J" uniqKey="Van Erp J">J van Erp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubler, A" uniqKey="Kubler A">A Kübler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neumann, N" uniqKey="Neumann N">N Neumann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilhelm, B" uniqKey="Wilhelm B">B Wilhelm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hinterberger, T" uniqKey="Hinterberger T">T Hinterberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birbaumer, N" uniqKey="Birbaumer N">N Birbaumer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Picton, Tw" uniqKey="Picton T">TW Picton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conroy, M" uniqKey="Conroy M">M Conroy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gonsalvez, Cl" uniqKey="Gonsalvez C">CL Gonsalvez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farwell, La" uniqKey="Farwell L">LA Farwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donchin, E" uniqKey="Donchin E">E Donchin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lenhardt, A" uniqKey="Lenhardt A">A Lenhardt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaper, M" uniqKey="Kaper M">M Kaper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ritter, Hj" uniqKey="Ritter H">HJ Ritter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nijboer, F" uniqKey="Nijboer F">F Nijboer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sellers, E" uniqKey="Sellers E">E Sellers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mellinger, J" uniqKey="Mellinger J">J Mellinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, M" uniqKey="Jordan M">M Jordan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matuz, T" uniqKey="Matuz T">T Matuz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Treder, M" uniqKey="Treder M">M Treder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venthur, B" uniqKey="Venthur B">B Venthur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blankertz, B" uniqKey="Blankertz B">B Blankertz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bayliss, Jd" uniqKey="Bayliss J">JD Bayliss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inverso, Sa" uniqKey="Inverso S">SA Inverso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tentler, A" uniqKey="Tentler A">A Tentler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piccione, F" uniqKey="Piccione F">F Piccione</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giorgi, F" uniqKey="Giorgi F">F Giorgi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tonin, P" uniqKey="Tonin P">P Tonin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Priftis, K" uniqKey="Priftis K">K Priftis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giove, S" uniqKey="Giove S">S Giove</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middlebrooks, Jc" uniqKey="Middlebrooks J">JC Middlebrooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Dm" uniqKey="Green D">DM Green</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brungart, Ds" uniqKey="Brungart D">DS Brungart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durlach, Ni" uniqKey="Durlach N">NI Durlach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rabinowitz, Wm" uniqKey="Rabinowitz W">WM Rabinowitz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mondor, Ta" uniqKey="Mondor T">TA Mondor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zatorre, Rj" uniqKey="Zatorre R">RJ Zatorre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teder S Lej Rvi, Wa" uniqKey="Teder S Lej Rvi W">WA Teder-Sälejärvi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hillyard, Sa" uniqKey="Hillyard S">SA Hillyard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sonnadara, Rr" uniqKey="Sonnadara R">RR Sonnadara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alain, C" uniqKey="Alain C">C Alain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trainor, Lj" uniqKey="Trainor L">LJ Trainor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deouell, Ly" uniqKey="Deouell L">LY Deouell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parnes, A" uniqKey="Parnes A">A Parnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pickard, N" uniqKey="Pickard N">N Pickard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Rt" uniqKey="Knight R">RT Knight</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rader, S" uniqKey="Rader S">S Rader</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, J" uniqKey="Holmes J">J Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golob, E" uniqKey="Golob E">E Golob</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brainard, Dh" uniqKey="Brainard D">DH Brainard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Green, Md" uniqKey="Green M">MD Green</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swets, Ja" uniqKey="Swets J">JA Swets</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fawcett, T" uniqKey="Fawcett T">T Fawcett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duda, Ro" uniqKey="Duda R">RO Duda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hart, Pe" uniqKey="Hart P">PE Hart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stork, Dg" uniqKey="Stork D">DG Stork</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, Kr" uniqKey="Muller K">KR Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krauledat, M" uniqKey="Krauledat M">M Krauledat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dornhege, G" uniqKey="Dornhege G">G Dornhege</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curio, G" uniqKey="Curio G">G Curio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blankertz, B" uniqKey="Blankertz B">B Blankertz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Student" uniqKey="Student">Student</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ledoit, O" uniqKey="Ledoit O">O Ledoit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, M" uniqKey="Wolf M">M Wolf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolpaw, Jr" uniqKey="Wolpaw J">JR Wolpaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birbaumer, N" uniqKey="Birbaumer N">N Birbaumer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heetderks, Wj" uniqKey="Heetderks W">WJ Heetderks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Dj" uniqKey="Mcfarland D">DJ McFarland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peckham, Ph" uniqKey="Peckham P">PH Peckham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teder S Lej Rvi, Wa" uniqKey="Teder S Lej Rvi W">WA Teder-Sälejärvi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hillyard, Sa" uniqKey="Hillyard S">SA Hillyard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roder, B" uniqKey="Roder B">B Röder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neville, Hj" uniqKey="Neville H">HJ Neville</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Criado, Jr" uniqKey="Criado J">JR Criado</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mertens, R" uniqKey="Mertens R">R Mertens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Katayama, J" uniqKey="Katayama J">J Katayama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polich, J" uniqKey="Polich J">J Polich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serby, H" uniqKey="Serby H">H Serby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yom Tov, E" uniqKey="Yom Tov E">E Yom-Tov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inbar, Gf" uniqKey="Inbar G">GF Inbar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tomiaka, R" uniqKey="Tomiaka R">R Tomiaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haufe, S" uniqKey="Haufe S">S Haufe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country><region><li>Berlin</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Schreuder, Martijn" sort="Schreuder, Martijn" uniqKey="Schreuder M" first="Martijn" last="Schreuder">Martijn Schreuder</name></region><name sortKey="Blankertz, Benjamin" sort="Blankertz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Blankertz B" first="Benjamin" last="Blankertz">Benjamin Blankertz</name><name sortKey="Blankertz, Benjamin" sort="Blankertz, Benjamin" uniqKey="Blankertz B" first="Benjamin" last="Blankertz">Benjamin Blankertz</name><name sortKey="Tangermann, Michael" sort="Tangermann, Michael" uniqKey="Tangermann M" first="Michael" last="Tangermann">Michael Tangermann</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001494 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001494 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Ticri/CIDE
|area= HapticV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:2848564
|texte= A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:20368976" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |