Recruitment of Occipital Cortex during Sensory Substitution Training Linked to Subjective Experience of Seeing in People with Blindness
Identifieur interne : 002A30 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002A29; suivant : 002A31Recruitment of Occipital Cortex during Sensory Substitution Training Linked to Subjective Experience of Seeing in People with Blindness
Auteurs : Tomás Ortiz [Espagne] ; Joaquín Poch [Espagne] ; Juan M. Santos [Espagne] ; Carmen Requena [Espagne] ; Ana M. Martínez [Espagne] ; Laura Ortiz-Terán [Espagne, États-Unis] ; Agustín Turrero [Espagne] ; Juan Barcia [Espagne] ; Ram N Nogales [Espagne] ; Agustín Calvo [Espagne] ; José M. Martínez [Espagne] ; José L. C Rdoba [Espagne] ; Alvaro Pascual-Leone [États-Unis, Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Over three months of intensive training with a tactile stimulation device, 18 blind and 10 blindfolded seeing subjects improved in their ability to identify geometric figures by touch. Seven blind subjects spontaneously reported ‘visual qualia’, the subjective sensation of seeing flashes of light congruent with tactile stimuli. In the latter subjects tactile stimulation evoked activation of occipital cortex on electroencephalography (EEG). None of the blind subjects who failed to experience visual qualia, despite identical tactile stimulation training, showed EEG recruitment of occipital cortex. None of the blindfolded seeing humans reported visual-like sensations during tactile stimulation. These findings support the notion that the conscious experience of seeing is linked to the activation of occipital brain regions in people with blindness. Moreover, the findings indicate that provision of visual information can be achieved through non-visual sensory modalities which may help to minimize the disability of blind individuals, affording them some degree of object recognition and navigation aid.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023264
PubMed: 21853098
PubMed Central: 3154329
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Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spanish Research Network in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spanish Research Network in Mental Health), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Requena, Carmen" sort="Requena, Carmen" uniqKey="Requena C" first="Carmen" last="Requena">Carmen Requena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Universidad de León, León, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Universidad de León, León</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>León</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ana M" sort="Martinez, Ana M" uniqKey="Martinez A" first="Ana M." last="Martínez">Ana M. Martínez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Teran, Laura" sort="Ortiz Teran, Laura" uniqKey="Ortiz Teran L" first="Laura" last="Ortiz-Terán">Laura Ortiz-Terán</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turrero, Agustin" sort="Turrero, Agustin" uniqKey="Turrero A" first="Agustín" last="Turrero">Agustín Turrero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Statistics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Statistics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barcia, Juan" sort="Barcia, Juan" uniqKey="Barcia J" first="Juan" last="Barcia">Juan Barcia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogales, Ram N" sort="Nogales, Ram N" uniqKey="Nogales R" first="Ram N" last="Nogales">Ram N Nogales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calvo, Agustin" sort="Calvo, Agustin" uniqKey="Calvo A" first="Agustín" last="Calvo">Agustín Calvo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Jose M" sort="Martinez, Jose M" uniqKey="Martinez J" first="José M." last="Martínez">José M. Martínez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="C Rdoba, Jose L" sort="C Rdoba, Jose L" uniqKey="C Rdoba J" first="José L." last="C Rdoba">José L. C Rdoba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Vision-Tactile Project, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Madrid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual Leone, Alvaro" sort="Pascual Leone, Alvaro" uniqKey="Pascual Leone A" first="Alvaro" last="Pascual-Leone">Alvaro Pascual-Leone</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Instituto Guttman de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Guttman de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Over three months of intensive training with a tactile stimulation device, 18 blind and 10 blindfolded seeing subjects improved in their ability to identify geometric figures by touch. Seven blind subjects spontaneously reported ‘visual qualia’, the subjective sensation of seeing flashes of light congruent with tactile stimuli. In the latter subjects tactile stimulation evoked activation of occipital cortex on electroencephalography (EEG). None of the blind subjects who failed to experience visual qualia, despite identical tactile stimulation training, showed EEG recruitment of occipital cortex. None of the blindfolded seeing humans reported visual-like sensations during tactile stimulation. These findings support the notion that the conscious experience of seeing is linked to the activation of occipital brain regions in people with blindness. Moreover, the findings indicate that provision of visual information can be achieved through non-visual sensory modalities which may help to minimize the disability of blind individuals, affording them some degree of object recognition and navigation aid.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amedi, A" uniqKey="Amedi A">A Amedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malach, R" uniqKey="Malach R">R Malach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual Leone, A" uniqKey="Pascual Leone A">A Pascual-Leone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beauchamp, Ms" uniqKey="Beauchamp M">MS Beauchamp</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amedi, A" uniqKey="Amedi A">A Amedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Wm" uniqKey="Stern W">WM Stern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camprodon, Ja" uniqKey="Camprodon J">JA 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Pascual-Leone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, R" uniqKey="Hamilton R">R Hamilton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bedny, M" uniqKey="Bedny M">M Bedny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konkle, T" uniqKey="Konkle T">T Konkle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pelphrey, K" uniqKey="Pelphrey K">K Pelphrey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saxe, R" uniqKey="Saxe R">R Saxe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascual Leone, A" uniqKey="Pascual Leone A">A Pascual-Leone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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